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Posted to commits@fory.apache.org by ch...@apache.org on 2026/09/21 14:29:03 UTC
(fory-site) branch main updated (8de6bcc3581 -> 495a259bdd4)
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from 8de6bcc3581 🔄 synced local 'docs/json/' with remote 'docs/json/'
new 7028e5b13ff 🔄 synced local 'docs/benchmarks/' with remote 'docs/benchmarks/'
new 495a259bdd4 🔄 synced local 'docs/json/' with remote 'docs/json/'
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Summary of changes:
.../json/byte-array-formats-results.json | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++
docs/benchmarks/json/byte-array-formats.md | 105 ++++
docs/json/annotations.md | 16 +-
docs/json/graalvm.md | 6 +-
docs/json/kotlin.md | 18 +
docs/json/object-mapping.md | 50 +-
docs/json/scala.md | 19 +
docs/json/security.md | 2 +-
8 files changed, 819 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 docs/benchmarks/json/byte-array-formats-results.json
create mode 100644 docs/benchmarks/json/byte-array-formats.md
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(fory-site) 02/02: 🔄 synced local 'docs/json/' with remote 'docs/json/'
Posted by ch...@apache.org.
This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.
chaokunyang pushed a commit to branch main
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/fory-site.git
commit 495a259bdd4363633b7bef33f584c082d29ab9bb
Author: chaokunyang <sh...@gmail.com>
AuthorDate: Mon Sep 21 14:28:58 2026 +0000
🔄 synced local 'docs/json/' with remote 'docs/json/'
---
docs/json/annotations.md | 16 ++++++++++-----
docs/json/graalvm.md | 6 ++++--
docs/json/kotlin.md | 18 ++++++++++++++++
docs/json/object-mapping.md | 50 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
docs/json/scala.md | 19 +++++++++++++++++
docs/json/security.md | 2 +-
6 files changed, 89 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)
diff --git a/docs/json/annotations.md b/docs/json/annotations.md
index e6975f46300..be2adefc8c3 100644
--- a/docs/json/annotations.md
+++ b/docs/json/annotations.md
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ With an empty `items` list, this object writes `{}`. Explicit property inclusion
class and builder defaults. Java empty-value checks run directly, even with a custom codec.
Other types use the selected codec's `isEmpty(writer, value)`, which defaults to `false`.
A custom codec must override it to define empty values; writing `""` or `{}` alone does not make
-an ordinary object empty. An empty `byte[]` is empty with either Base64 or numeric-array
+an ordinary object empty. An empty `byte[]` is empty with Base64, Base16, or numeric-array
representation. See [Custom codecs](custom-codecs.md#custom-empty-values).
Filtering is shallow: `0`, `false`, a list containing null, a list containing an empty list, and a
@@ -477,8 +477,8 @@ as a trusted raw root value. That combination is serialization-only: the ordinar
## `JsonByteArray`
-Unannotated `byte[]` values use quoted standard Base64 JSON strings. `JsonByteArray` selects
-`BASE64` or `ARRAY` for one exact `byte[]` field or getter, in both reading and writing:
+`JsonByteArray` selects `BASE64`, `BASE16`, or `ARRAY` for one exact `byte[]` field or getter, in
+both reading and writing. It overrides the builder's `byteArrayFormat`, whose default is `BASE64`:
```java
import org.apache.fory.json.annotation.JsonByteArray;
@@ -489,10 +489,16 @@ public final class Attachment {
@JsonByteArray(JsonByteArray.Format.BASE64)
public byte[] content;
+
+ @JsonByteArray(JsonByteArray.Format.BASE16)
+ public byte[] hex;
}
```
-For bytes `{1, -2, 3}`, `numbers` is written as `[1,-2,3]` and `content` as `"Af4D"`.
+For bytes `{1, -2, 3}`, `numbers` is written as `[1,-2,3]`, `content` as `"Af4D"`, and `hex` as
+`"01fe03"`. `BASE16` writes lowercase hexadecimal digits without a prefix or separators; it reads
+uppercase or lowercase digits, including JSON string escapes, and rejects odd-length or invalid
+hexadecimal strings.
`ARRAY` reads JSON arrays using the signed byte range `[-128, 127]`; `BASE64` reads standard
Base64 strings and preserves padding when writing. Each representation also accepts JSON null,
and null output follows the property's normal inclusion rule. The default Base64 codec does not
@@ -503,7 +509,7 @@ property, not to container elements or map values. Mixin declarations can select
It cannot share a logical property with `JsonRawValue`, an occurrence `JsonCodec`, `JsonFormat`,
or an Any declaration. Conflicting formats on the field and getter of one property are rejected.
-Base64 values are binary leaves excluded from the graph-memory budget. Numeric arrays count their
+Base64 and Base16 values are binary leaves excluded from the graph-memory budget. Numeric arrays count their
array storage against that budget; see [Security](security.md#depth-and-graph-memory-limits).
## `JsonFormat`
diff --git a/docs/json/graalvm.md b/docs/json/graalvm.md
index 22d48b3f974..7a67321e491 100644
--- a/docs/json/graalvm.md
+++ b/docs/json/graalvm.md
@@ -209,8 +209,10 @@ JVM and Android.
`JsonValue` fields and effective public zero-argument methods are supported, including matching
one-String `JsonCreator` constructors and public static factories. Fixed `JsonRawValue` fields and
-getters support trusted raw String values, and `JsonByteArray` fields and getters select Base64 strings or numeric
-byte arrays as on the JVM. `JsonFormat` date/time fields use the same direct-field,
+getters support trusted raw String values, and `JsonByteArray` fields and getters select Base64 strings,
+Base16 strings, or numeric byte arrays as on the JVM. The builder's `byteArrayFormat` controls the
+default representation; include that setting in a provider when using generated object codecs.
+`JsonFormat` date/time fields use the same direct-field,
one-wrapper-level, and `timezone` behavior as on the JVM. For direct target annotations, annotate
each reachable owning model with `JsonType` so Native Image retains these members and the selected byte-array
codec constructor.
diff --git a/docs/json/kotlin.md b/docs/json/kotlin.md
index cc7a3557671..63a70d24edc 100644
--- a/docs/json/kotlin.md
+++ b/docs/json/kotlin.md
@@ -93,6 +93,24 @@ collection and map values, nullable values, Kotlin value classes backed by them,
the Java Long-like wrappers supported by the core JSON runtime. Readers accept both quoted and
unquoted integer tokens.
+`ByteArray` uses Base64 strings by default. The standard builder's `byteArrayFormat` also controls
+root arrays and arrays nested in properties, collections, and maps:
+
+```kotlin
+import org.apache.fory.json.annotation.JsonByteArray
+import org.apache.fory.json.kotlin.ForyJsonKotlin
+import org.apache.fory.json.kotlin.jsonTypeRef
+
+val hexJson = ForyJsonKotlin.builder().byteArrayFormat(JsonByteArray.Format.BASE16).build()
+val bytesType = jsonTypeRef<ByteArray>()
+val text = hexJson.toJson(byteArrayOf(1, -2, 3), bytesType) // "\"01fe03\""
+val bytes = hexJson.fromJson(text, bytesType)
+```
+
+`@field:JsonByteArray` or `@get:JsonByteArray`, including a Mixin declaration, overrides the default
+for that property. `UByteArray` retains its unsigned numeric-array representation. See
+[byte-array formats](object-mapping.md#builder-configuration) for accepted input and null behavior.
+
`jsonTypeRef<T>()` is a type token, not a codec lookup. Construct it once and reuse it. A Java
`Class` or ordinary Java `TypeRef` cannot express distinctions such as `List<Account?>`, `UInt`, or
a logical value class lowered to a primitive carrier.
diff --git a/docs/json/object-mapping.md b/docs/json/object-mapping.md
index 63382d318dd..4cd8a405d1c 100644
--- a/docs/json/object-mapping.md
+++ b/docs/json/object-mapping.md
@@ -229,20 +229,42 @@ for supported sources, construction/evaluation effects, and errors. An explicit
overrides `JsonInclude` on the class, which overrides the builder default. See
[Property inclusion](annotations.md#jsonproperty) for the empty-value definitions and boundaries.
-| Builder method | Default | User-visible effect |
-| -------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `defaultPropertyInclusion(Include)` | `NON_NULL` | Default inclusion of object properties |
-| `writeNullFields(boolean)` | `false` | Select `ALWAYS` when true or `NON_NULL` when false |
-| `writeLongAsString(boolean)` | `false` | Write built-in 64-bit integer values as decimal strings |
-| `withCodegen(boolean)` | `true` | Enable generated object codecs |
-| `withAsyncCompilation(boolean)` | `true` | Compile generated codecs asynchronously |
-| `withFieldMode(boolean)` | `false` | When true, discover fields without getters/setters |
-| `withPropertyNamingStrategy(strategy)` | `LOWER_CAMEL_CASE` | Name properties without an explicit `JsonProperty` name |
-| `withMaxCachedFieldNames(int)` | `DEFAULT_MAX_CACHED_FIELD_NAMES` (`8192`) | Field-name cache entries per reader; zero disables caching |
-| `withConcurrencyLevel(int)` | `max(1, 2 * processors)` | Maximum concurrent root operations |
-| `withBufferSizeLimitBytes(int)` | 2 MiB | Maximum retained output/string-decoding buffer capacity |
-| `registerCodec(type, codec)` | None | Replace an eligible exact class's complete JSON codec |
-| `registerMixin(mixinType)` | None | Apply one annotation Mixin to its exact declared target |
+| Builder method | Default | User-visible effect |
+| --------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `defaultPropertyInclusion(Include)` | `NON_NULL` | Default inclusion of object properties |
+| `writeNullFields(boolean)` | `false` | Select `ALWAYS` when true or `NON_NULL` when false |
+| `writeLongAsString(boolean)` | `false` | Write built-in 64-bit integer values as decimal strings |
+| `byteArrayFormat(JsonByteArray.Format)` | `BASE64` | Default byte-array representation for reading and writing |
+| `withCodegen(boolean)` | `true` | Enable generated object codecs |
+| `withAsyncCompilation(boolean)` | `true` | Compile generated codecs asynchronously |
+| `withFieldMode(boolean)` | `false` | When true, discover fields without getters/setters |
+| `withPropertyNamingStrategy(strategy)` | `LOWER_CAMEL_CASE` | Name properties without an explicit `JsonProperty` name |
+| `withMaxCachedFieldNames(int)` | `DEFAULT_MAX_CACHED_FIELD_NAMES` (`8192`) | Field-name cache entries per reader; zero disables caching |
+| `withConcurrencyLevel(int)` | `max(1, 2 * processors)` | Maximum concurrent root operations |
+| `withBufferSizeLimitBytes(int)` | 2 MiB | Maximum retained output/string-decoding buffer capacity |
+| `registerCodec(type, codec)` | None | Replace an eligible exact class's complete JSON codec |
+| `registerMixin(mixinType)` | None | Apply one annotation Mixin to its exact declared target |
+
+Use `byteArrayFormat` to choose one representation for ordinary `byte[]` roots, unannotated
+properties, and container values, including nested arrays, collections, maps, and optionals:
+
+```java
+import org.apache.fory.json.ForyJson;
+import org.apache.fory.json.annotation.JsonByteArray;
+
+ForyJson hexJson = ForyJson.builder().byteArrayFormat(JsonByteArray.Format.BASE16).build();
+String text = hexJson.toJson(new byte[] {1, -2, 3}); // "\"01fe03\""
+byte[] bytes = hexJson.fromJson(text, byte[].class);
+```
+
+`BASE64` is the default and writes padded standard Base64 strings. `BASE16` writes lowercase
+hexadecimal strings without prefixes or separators; reading accepts either case and JSON string
+escapes. Odd-length strings and non-hexadecimal characters are rejected. `ARRAY` uses signed
+numbers in `[-128, 127]`. Empty arrays become `""` for either string format or `[]` for `ARRAY`.
+All three formats accept JSON `null`. The reader uses the configured representation and does not
+guess another format. A [property's `JsonByteArray` annotation](annotations.md#jsonbytearray),
+including one supplied by a Mixin, overrides the global default. Custom occurrence codecs retain
+their complete representation; Kotlin unsigned semantic arrays remain numeric arrays.
Enable `writeLongAsString(true)` when 64-bit integer values must pass through JavaScript without
`Number` precision loss. The setting writes built-in `long`/`Long`, `AtomicLong`,
diff --git a/docs/json/scala.md b/docs/json/scala.md
index 2054d0ec936..2f31e3efb36 100644
--- a/docs/json/scala.md
+++ b/docs/json/scala.md
@@ -47,6 +47,25 @@ wrappers as quoted decimal strings. Readers accept both quoted and unquoted inte
Use `ScalaTypeRef` when a parameterized declaration contains `Long` because normal JVM signatures
can erase Scala value-type arguments to `Object`.
+## Byte-array formats
+
+Scala `Array[Byte]` uses Base64 strings by default. Use the standard builder's
+`byteArrayFormat` to select numeric arrays or hexadecimal strings, including arrays inside
+`Option`, Scala collections, and maps:
+
+```scala
+import org.apache.fory.json.annotation.JsonByteArray
+import org.apache.fory.json.scala.{ForyJsonScala, ScalaTypeRef}
+
+val hexJson = ForyJsonScala.builder().byteArrayFormat(JsonByteArray.Format.BASE16).build()
+val bytesType = ScalaTypeRef[Array[Byte]]
+val text = hexJson.toJson(Array[Byte](1, -2, 3), bytesType) // "\"01fe03\""
+val bytes = hexJson.fromJson(text, bytesType)
+```
+
+`JsonByteArray` on a field or getter, including a Mixin, overrides the default for that property.
+See [byte-array formats](object-mapping.md#builder-configuration) for the read/write contract.
+
## Case classes and annotations
Case classes are decoded by calling their full primary constructor. Fory invokes Scala's generated
diff --git a/docs/json/security.md b/docs/json/security.md
index deecb49d45b..3de92c2f6c8 100644
--- a/docs/json/security.md
+++ b/docs/json/security.md
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ is also charged once; a cached empty Optional singleton is not a new graph owner
Dedicated leaf codecs are excluded from graph accounting: null, strings,
characters, booleans, numeric values including arbitrary-precision numbers,
enums, temporal and other scalar values, and binary values. A `byte[]` handled
-by a binary or Base64 codec remains a binary leaf; the same Java carrier read
+by a Base64 or Base16 codec remains a binary leaf; the same Java carrier read
from a JSON numeric array is a primitive-array owner. Byte-availability and
grammar checks still apply independently of graph accounting.
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(fory-site) 01/02: 🔄 synced local 'docs/benchmarks/' with remote 'docs/benchmarks/'
Posted by ch...@apache.org.
This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.
chaokunyang pushed a commit to branch main
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/fory-site.git
commit 7028e5b13ff09aad9851380f8080cdf1fa0d7c89
Author: chaokunyang <sh...@gmail.com>
AuthorDate: Mon Sep 21 14:28:58 2026 +0000
🔄 synced local 'docs/benchmarks/' with remote 'docs/benchmarks/'
---
.../json/byte-array-formats-results.json | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++
docs/benchmarks/json/byte-array-formats.md | 105 ++++
2 files changed, 730 insertions(+)
diff --git a/docs/benchmarks/json/byte-array-formats-results.json b/docs/benchmarks/json/byte-array-formats-results.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ca2f84727dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/benchmarks/json/byte-array-formats-results.json
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+{
+ "environment": {
+ "cpu": "Apple M4 Pro",
+ "logical_cpus": 12,
+ "os": "macOS 15.7.2 arm64",
+ "jdk": "OpenJDK 25.0.3",
+ "jmh": "1.37"
+ },
+ "source": {
+ "fory": "13739263ebf31af5fc962184aaccf2833f8ffc9a",
+ "fory_baseline": "e1d2f9d67800901392755b1133968d448ab076b8",
+ "jsoniter_scala_base": "84cb277f2c2a16b4018bc61fdeec3eed62252a1e",
+ "jsoniter_scala_adapters": "71b2ba16f1d5261e2be4e98d5dfe4be452d0e136",
+ "jsoniter_scala_version": "2.40.2-SNAPSHOT",
+ "benchmark_scala": "3.9.0",
+ "fory_scala": "3.3.8"
+ },
+ "settings": {
+ "threads": 1,
+ "forks_per_run": 1,
+ "warmup_iterations": 3,
+ "measurement_iterations": 5,
+ "iteration_seconds": 1,
+ "jvm_args": ["-Xms1g", "-Xmx1g", "-XX:+UseParallelGC"],
+ "profiler": "gc"
+ },
+ "results": [
+ {
+ "case": "ArrayOfBytesReading",
+ "size": 512,
+ "pairs": [
+ {
+ "pair": 1,
+ "order": ["jsoniter_scala", "fory"],
+ "fory": {
+ "throughput_ops_s": 718561.6343142863,
+ "iterations_ops_s": [
+ 720966.2774700475, 722148.059950197, 723968.2127171038,
+ 699675.4454108089, 726050.1760232744
+ ],
+ "allocation_bytes_op": 528.0081562652304,
+ "artifact_sha256": {
+ "fory_json": "a60312c784247481c49a6a7a2bf128979fdba070c305a0e1f95966673237883b",
+ "fory_scala": "69bce71e74891f86f0a2b1a607b2a86743955e5378386dbc3ab72e64c30f62cd",
+ "fory_core": "1d743236d0529f1e0c082bba9abc36bf502167add84905441ad917f7143b5b9a",
+ "benchmark": "606d03f7f6fb4bbf217b3e2d30ae82054d702aa937148328b1987191bd63e3b4"
+ }
+ },
+ "jsoniter_scala": {
+ "throughput_ops_s": 644154.4427726491,
+ "iterations_ops_s": [
+ 642739.6225877892, 656549.9366009792, 647274.0194844017,
+ 629323.8870815604, 644884.7481085152
+ ],
+ "allocation_bytes_op": 1128.0091134734967,
+ "artifact_sha256": {
+ "fory_json": "a60312c784247481c49a6a7a2bf128979fdba070c305a0e1f95966673237883b",
+ "fory_scala": "69bce71e74891f86f0a2b1a607b2a86743955e5378386dbc3ab72e64c30f62cd",
+ "fory_core": "1d743236d0529f1e0c082bba9abc36bf502167add84905441ad917f7143b5b9a",
+ "benchmark": "606d03f7f6fb4bbf217b3e2d30ae82054d702aa937148328b1987191bd63e3b4"
+ }
+ },
+ "throughput_ratio": 1.1155114155874863
+ },
+ {
+ "pair": 2,
+ "order": ["fory", "jsoniter_scala"],
+ "fory": {
+ "throughput_ops_s": 712768.7484642493,
+ "iterations_ops_s": [
+ 715809.6255148505, 712322.2180004838, 719427.3859759014,
+ 706451.1582493099, 709833.3545807011
+ ],
+ "allocation_bytes_op": 528.0082231131366,
+ "artifact_sha256": {
+ "fory_json": "a60312c784247481c49a6a7a2bf128979fdba070c305a0e1f95966673237883b",
+ "fory_scala": "69bce71e74891f86f0a2b1a607b2a86743955e5378386dbc3ab72e64c30f62cd",
+ "fory_core": "1d743236d0529f1e0c082bba9abc36bf502167add84905441ad917f7143b5b9a",
+ "benchmark": "606d03f7f6fb4bbf217b3e2d30ae82054d702aa937148328b1987191bd63e3b4"
+ }
+ },
+ "jsoniter_scala": {
+ "throughput_ops_s": 646910.5376279108,
+ "iterations_ops_s": [
+ 653642.6650007655, 648076.5626362266, 639063.9666087512,
+ 648406.7871787745, 645362.7067150369
+ ],
+ "allocation_bytes_op": 1128.0090703040241,
+ "artifact_sha256": {
+ "fory_json": "a60312c784247481c49a6a7a2bf128979fdba070c305a0e1f95966673237883b",
+ "fory_scala": "69bce71e74891f86f0a2b1a607b2a86743955e5378386dbc3ab72e64c30f62cd",
+ "fory_core": "1d743236d0529f1e0c082bba9abc36bf502167add84905441ad917f7143b5b9a",
+ "benchmark": "606d03f7f6fb4bbf217b3e2d30ae82054d702aa937148328b1987191bd63e3b4"
+ }
+ },
+ "throughput_ratio": 1.1018042016718836
+ },
+ {
+ "pair": 3,
+ "order": ["jsoniter_scala", "fory"],
+ "fory": {
+ "throughput_ops_s": 713855.8384418925,
+ "iterations_ops_s": [
+ 713930.6941047948, 699719.8311706063, 713989.776513808,
+ 721117.7876197997, 720521.1028004538
+ ],
+ "allocation_bytes_op": 528.0082200551103,
+ "artifact_sha256": {
+ "fory_json": "a60312c784247481c49a6a7a2bf128979fdba070c305a0e1f95966673237883b",
+ "fory_scala": "69bce71e74891f86f0a2b1a607b2a86743955e5378386dbc3ab72e64c30f62cd",
+ "fory_core": "1d743236d0529f1e0c082bba9abc36bf502167add84905441ad917f7143b5b9a",
+ "benchmark": "606d03f7f6fb4bbf217b3e2d30ae82054d702aa937148328b1987191bd63e3b4"
+ }
+ },
+ "jsoniter_scala": {
+ "throughput_ops_s": 648694.3313125791,
+ "iterations_ops_s": [
+ 640046.1536157951, 651947.475615739, 650393.8228952556,
+ 649302.6479094238, 651781.5565266822
+ ],
+ "allocation_bytes_op": 1128.0090437194845,
+ "artifact_sha256": {
+ "fory_json": "a60312c784247481c49a6a7a2bf128979fdba070c305a0e1f95966673237883b",
+ "fory_scala": "69bce71e74891f86f0a2b1a607b2a86743955e5378386dbc3ab72e64c30f62cd",
+ "fory_core": "1d743236d0529f1e0c082bba9abc36bf502167add84905441ad917f7143b5b9a",
+ "benchmark": "606d03f7f6fb4bbf217b3e2d30ae82054d702aa937148328b1987191bd63e3b4"
+ }
+ },
+ "throughput_ratio": 1.100450249037115
+ }
+ ],
+ "median_fory_ops_s": 713855.8384418925,
+ "median_jsoniter_ops_s": 646910.5376279108,
+ "median_paired_ratio": 1.1018042016718836,
+ "minimum_paired_ratio": 1.100450249037115,
+ "maximum_paired_ratio": 1.1155114155874863,
+ "geometric_paired_ratio": 1.1059010882137206
+ },
+ {
+ "case": "ArrayOfBytesWriting",
+ "size": 512,
+ "pairs": [
+ {
+ "pair": 1,
+ "order": ["jsoniter_scala", "fory"],
+ "fory": {
+ "throughput_ops_s": 3350580.997475249,
+ "iterations_ops_s": [
+ 3354256.676965812, 3350235.8910908336, 3370583.284923328,
+ 3343149.3809342943, 3334679.7534619793
+ ],
+ "allocation_bytes_op": 1888.0017545395815,
+ "artifact_sha256": {
+ "fory_json": "a60312c784247481c49a6a7a2bf128979fdba070c305a0e1f95966673237883b",
+ "fory_scala": "69bce71e74891f86f0a2b1a607b2a86743955e5378386dbc3ab72e64c30f62cd",
+ "fory_core": "1d743236d0529f1e0c082bba9abc36bf502167add84905441ad917f7143b5b9a",
+ "benchmark": "606d03f7f6fb4bbf217b3e2d30ae82054d702aa937148328b1987191bd63e3b4"
+ }
+ },
+ "jsoniter_scala": {
+ "throughput_ops_s": 1534400.3964775414,
+ "iterations_ops_s": [
+ 1555002.3973013056, 1551437.3792732242, 1483784.9963905278,
+ 1539026.116856106, 1542751.092566543
+ ],
+ "allocation_bytes_op": 1888.003826423861,
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+ ],
+ "integer_read_control": [
+ {
+ "pair": 1,
+ "baseline": {
+ "throughput_ops_s": 491577.15519360424,
+ "iterations_ops_s": [
+ 493226.1424904787, 487426.7022866886, 491108.85466615774,
+ 489525.76150114706, 496598.3150235495
+ ],
+ "allocation_bytes_op": 4176.011942924268,
+ "artifact_sha256": {
+ "fory_json": "0b175646200572bd67817e5ff6350ca9b41ecf8d9c5fedb46ef90677fe335014",
+ "fory_scala": "69bce71e74891f86f0a2b1a607b2a86743955e5378386dbc3ab72e64c30f62cd",
+ "fory_core": "1d743236d0529f1e0c082bba9abc36bf502167add84905441ad917f7143b5b9a",
+ "benchmark": "606d03f7f6fb4bbf217b3e2d30ae82054d702aa937148328b1987191bd63e3b4"
+ }
+ },
+ "fory": {
+ "throughput_ops_s": 498496.5149580714,
+ "iterations_ops_s": [
+ 500744.575380113, 500638.4030852225, 493489.2902459867,
+ 498268.2111324434, 499342.09494659153
+ ],
+ "allocation_bytes_op": 4176.011777540917,
+ "artifact_sha256": {
+ "fory_json": "a60312c784247481c49a6a7a2bf128979fdba070c305a0e1f95966673237883b",
+ "fory_scala": "69bce71e74891f86f0a2b1a607b2a86743955e5378386dbc3ab72e64c30f62cd",
+ "fory_core": "1d743236d0529f1e0c082bba9abc36bf502167add84905441ad917f7143b5b9a",
+ "benchmark": "606d03f7f6fb4bbf217b3e2d30ae82054d702aa937148328b1987191bd63e3b4"
+ }
+ }
+ },
+ {
+ "pair": 2,
+ "baseline": {
+ "throughput_ops_s": 487399.4866039612,
+ "iterations_ops_s": [
+ 492882.917488924, 491449.6032085084, 492271.10849723214,
+ 483111.02830760553, 477282.77551753627
+ ],
+ "allocation_bytes_op": 4176.012066509457,
+ "artifact_sha256": {
+ "fory_json": "0b175646200572bd67817e5ff6350ca9b41ecf8d9c5fedb46ef90677fe335014",
+ "fory_scala": "69bce71e74891f86f0a2b1a607b2a86743955e5378386dbc3ab72e64c30f62cd",
+ "fory_core": "1d743236d0529f1e0c082bba9abc36bf502167add84905441ad917f7143b5b9a",
+ "benchmark": "606d03f7f6fb4bbf217b3e2d30ae82054d702aa937148328b1987191bd63e3b4"
+ }
+ },
+ "fory": {
+ "throughput_ops_s": 492338.3696801558,
+ "iterations_ops_s": [
+ 482311.38343038387, 493766.54553907254, 493700.9130787423,
+ 495583.89678214624, 496329.1095704343
+ ],
+ "allocation_bytes_op": 4176.01193743859,
+ "artifact_sha256": {
+ "fory_json": "a60312c784247481c49a6a7a2bf128979fdba070c305a0e1f95966673237883b",
+ "fory_scala": "69bce71e74891f86f0a2b1a607b2a86743955e5378386dbc3ab72e64c30f62cd",
+ "fory_core": "1d743236d0529f1e0c082bba9abc36bf502167add84905441ad917f7143b5b9a",
+ "benchmark": "606d03f7f6fb4bbf217b3e2d30ae82054d702aa937148328b1987191bd63e3b4"
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ ]
+}
diff --git a/docs/benchmarks/json/byte-array-formats.md b/docs/benchmarks/json/byte-array-formats.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..51b915f1c3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/benchmarks/json/byte-array-formats.md
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+# JVM JSON byte-array format measurements
+
+This comparison covers numeric byte arrays and Base16 strings on the unchanged
+jsoniter-scala `ArrayOfBytesReading`, `ArrayOfBytesWriting`, `Base16Reading`, and
+`Base16Writing` workloads at `size=512`. Higher throughput is better.
+
+All 12 final adjacent comparison pairs exceed 10%. Numeric-array reading has a
+narrow margin: its smallest measured improvement is 10.05%. These are local
+steady-state measurements, not a guarantee for other sizes, data distributions,
+machines, or JVMs.
+
+## Results
+
+| Workload | jsoniter-scala median, ops/s | Fory median, ops/s | Median paired improvement | Paired range |
+| -------------------------- | ---------------------------: | -----------------: | ------------------------: | -------------------: |
+| Numeric byte-array reading | 646,911 | 713,856 | +10.18% | +10.05% to +11.55% |
+| Numeric byte-array writing | 1,539,685 | 3,350,581 | +117.93% | +116.07% to +118.36% |
+| Base16 reading | 2,914,929 | 3,585,325 | +22.18% | +15.26% to +24.77% |
+| Base16 writing | 8,444,372 | 9,639,286 | +15.94% | +13.78% to +16.00% |
+
+Each pair compares the means of five measurement iterations. The improvement
+column is the median of those paired ratios, not the ratio of independent medians.
+All final samples are retained. Earlier, shorter numeric-reading comparisons
+measured +8.59% and +13.01%; they are also included in the evidence and illustrate
+why the final narrow margin should not be generalized.
+
+Allocation per operation is approximately 528 B for Fory numeric-array reading
+and 1,128 B for jsoniter-scala. Both libraries allocate about 1,888 B for numeric
+array output, 528 B for Base16 input, and 1,048 B for Base16 output. Both use APIs
+that return independent arrays; neither uses the preallocated-output benchmark.
+Startup and retained lookup-table memory are outside these steady-state allocation
+figures. Fory's Base16 output table occupies 256 KiB after its first use.
+
+The affected integer-reading path was also compared with the pre-optimization
+Fory revision in two adjacent pairs. Changes were +1.41% and +1.01%, within the
+range normally treated as noise; no regression was observed in those runs.
+
+[Iteration samples, allocations, paired results, and artifact hashes](byte-array-formats-results.json)
+are available as JSON.
+
+## Workloads and configuration
+
+The input bytes are the benchmark's original sequence
+`(1 to size).map(_.toByte).toArray`. Numeric arrays keep the original signed decimal
+JSON representation. Base16 keeps the original lowercase hexadecimal string.
+Models, inputs, expected outputs, and jsoniter-scala implementations are unchanged.
+Only the missing Fory adapters and their existing correctness specs are enabled.
+
+Fory uses separate instances configured through its public builder:
+
+```java
+import org.apache.fory.json.ForyJson;
+import org.apache.fory.json.annotation.JsonByteArray;
+
+ForyJson arrays = ForyJson.builder().byteArrayFormat(JsonByteArray.Format.ARRAY).build();
+ForyJson hex = ForyJson.builder().byteArrayFormat(JsonByteArray.Format.BASE16).build();
+```
+
+Each reading adapter calls `fromJson(jsonBytes, classOf[Array[Byte]])`; each writing
+adapter calls `toJsonBytes(obj)`. These configurations also apply to nested byte
+arrays; they are not benchmark-specific codecs.
+
+## Environment and revisions
+
+- Date: September 21, 2026.
+- Apple M4 Pro, 12 logical CPUs, 48 GiB RAM; macOS 15.7.2 arm64.
+- OpenJDK 25.0.3; JMH 1.37.
+- Fory: `13739263ebf31af5fc962184aaccf2833f8ffc9a`, version `1.8.0-SNAPSHOT`.
+- Fory pre-optimization baseline: `e1d2f9d67800901392755b1133968d448ab076b8`.
+- jsoniter-scala: `2.40.2-SNAPSHOT`, checkout
+ `71b2ba16f1d5261e2be4e98d5dfe4be452d0e136`; its Fory adapter additions are based on
+ `84cb277f2c2a16b4018bc61fdeec3eed62252a1e`.
+- Benchmark Scala: 3.9.0; Fory JSON Scala: 3.3.8.
+- One thread and one fork per run; three 1-second warmups and five 1-second
+ measurements; `-Xms1g -Xmx1g -XX:+UseParallelGC`; JMH GC profiler.
+- Three adjacent pairs per workload. Order is jsoniter/Fory, Fory/jsoniter,
+ jsoniter/Fory. Runs are serial; normal desktop background activity remains.
+
+The runtime, core, Scala, and benchmark jars are frozen during measurement. Only
+the Fory JSON runtime jar changes in baseline/current controls.
+
+## Reproduction
+
+Install Fory core, JSON, and JSON Scala artifacts before building the benchmark
+assembly. Enable Maven Local when using locally published snapshots:
+
+```bash
+sbt --java-home "$JAVA_HOME" \
+ 'set ThisBuild / resolvers += Resolver.mavenLocal' \
+ '++3.9.0!' 'jsoniter-scala-benchmarkJVM/assembly'
+```
+
+Run each method as a separate process, alternating the library order between
+pairs. Use the same frozen classpath for both methods:
+
+```bash
+java -cp "$FORY_JSON_JAR:$FORY_SCALA_JAR:$FORY_CORE_JAR:$BENCHMARK_JAR" \
+ org.openjdk.jmh.Main ".*\.${CASE}\.${METHOD}$" \
+ -t 1 -f 1 -wi 3 -i 5 -w 1s -r 1s -p size=512 \
+ -jvmArgs '-Xms1g -Xmx1g -XX:+UseParallelGC' -foe true -prof gc \
+ -rf json -rff "$RESULT_FILE"
+```
+
+`CASE` is one of the four workload names above; `METHOD` is `fory` or
+`jsoniterScala`. No GraalVM or native-image performance is measured here.
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