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Posted to dev@pig.apache.org by "Miyakawa Taku (JIRA)" <ji...@apache.org> on 2012/09/01 15:22:07 UTC

[jira] [Created] (PIG-2901) Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"

Miyakawa Taku created PIG-2901:
----------------------------------

             Summary: Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"
                 Key: PIG-2901
                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901
             Project: Pig
          Issue Type: Bug
          Components: documentation
    Affects Versions: 0.10.0
            Reporter: Miyakawa Taku


This is a patch to fix errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics".

# States that COGROUP groups records with a null key _from different relations_ separately.
# "A map key must be a -scalar- +chararray+ "
# Removes a statement which says that a star expression is a tuple expression (it seems incorrect)
# Fixes a subject confusion of a sentence "When two bytearrays are used in arithmetic expressions..."
# Updates a link to Java API documentation.
# Fixes a tuple example: "LOAD 'data' as..." -> "A = LOAD 'data' as..."
# "the asterisk (\*) is used to project all -tuples- +fields+ "
# A result of COGROUP with two relations contains _three_ fields, not _two_
# Removes an example of COGROUP INNER, which is deprecated
# Removes a sentence which says "JOIN operator always performs an inner join". Actually, JOIN also perform an outer join.
# JOIN "Performs an outer join of two -ore more- relations"
# Replaces an example of "-Dpig.additional.jars" with a jar file on HDFS. The current version incorrectly shows an example of a Pig script on HDFS.
# Fixes typos, lack of hyperlinks, inappropriate indentation, and incorrect chaptering.

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[jira] [Updated] (PIG-2901) Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"

Posted by "Bill Graham (JIRA)" <ji...@apache.org>.
     [ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel ]

Bill Graham updated PIG-2901:
-----------------------------

    Resolution: Fixed
        Status: Resolved  (was: Patch Available)

Committed, thanks Miyakawa! This will appear in the Pig 0.11 docs.
                
> Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"
> -----------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: PIG-2901
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901
>             Project: Pig
>          Issue Type: Bug
>          Components: documentation
>    Affects Versions: 0.10.0
>            Reporter: Miyakawa Taku
>            Assignee: Miyakawa Taku
>              Labels: documentation
>         Attachments: PIG-2901.patch
>
>
> This is a patch to fix errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics".
> # States that COGROUP groups records with a null key _from different relations_ separately.
> # "A map key must be a -scalar- +chararray+ "
> # Removes a statement which says that a star expression is a tuple expression (it seems incorrect)
> # Fixes a subject confusion of a sentence "When two bytearrays are used in arithmetic expressions..."
> # Updates a link to Java API documentation.
> # Fixes a tuple example: "LOAD 'data' as..." -> "A = LOAD 'data' as..."
> # "the asterisk (\*) is used to project all -tuples- +fields+ "
> # A result of COGROUP with two relations contains _three_ fields, not _two_
> # Removes an example of COGROUP INNER, which is deprecated
> # Removes a sentence which says "JOIN operator always performs an inner join". Actually, JOIN also perform an outer join.
> # JOIN "Performs an outer join of two -ore more- relations"
> # Replaces an example of "-Dpig.additional.jars" with a jar file on HDFS. The current version incorrectly shows an example of a Pig script on HDFS.
> # Fixes typos, lack of hyperlinks, inappropriate indentation, and incorrect chaptering.

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[jira] [Updated] (PIG-2901) Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"

Posted by "Miyakawa Taku (JIRA)" <ji...@apache.org>.
     [ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel ]

Miyakawa Taku updated PIG-2901:
-------------------------------

    Attachment:     (was: PIG-2901.patch)
    
> Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"
> -----------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: PIG-2901
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901
>             Project: Pig
>          Issue Type: Bug
>          Components: documentation
>    Affects Versions: 0.10.0
>            Reporter: Miyakawa Taku
>
> This is a patch to fix errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics".
> # States that COGROUP groups records with a null key _from different relations_ separately.
> # "A map key must be a -scalar- +chararray+ "
> # Removes a statement which says that a star expression is a tuple expression (it seems incorrect)
> # Fixes a subject confusion of a sentence "When two bytearrays are used in arithmetic expressions..."
> # Updates a link to Java API documentation.
> # Fixes a tuple example: "LOAD 'data' as..." -> "A = LOAD 'data' as..."
> # "the asterisk (\*) is used to project all -tuples- +fields+ "
> # A result of COGROUP with two relations contains _three_ fields, not _two_
> # Removes an example of COGROUP INNER, which is deprecated
> # Removes a sentence which says "JOIN operator always performs an inner join". Actually, JOIN also perform an outer join.
> # JOIN "Performs an outer join of two -ore more- relations"
> # Replaces an example of "-Dpig.additional.jars" with a jar file on HDFS. The current version incorrectly shows an example of a Pig script on HDFS.
> # Fixes typos, lack of hyperlinks, inappropriate indentation, and incorrect chaptering.

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[jira] [Updated] (PIG-2901) Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"

Posted by "Miyakawa Taku (JIRA)" <ji...@apache.org>.
     [ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel ]

Miyakawa Taku updated PIG-2901:
-------------------------------

    Attachment: PIG-2901.patch

Patch which fixes the errors and lacks (for trunk)
                
> Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"
> -----------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: PIG-2901
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901
>             Project: Pig
>          Issue Type: Bug
>          Components: documentation
>    Affects Versions: 0.10.0
>            Reporter: Miyakawa Taku
>         Attachments: PIG-2901.patch
>
>
> This is a patch to fix errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics".
> # States that COGROUP groups records with a null key _from different relations_ separately.
> # "A map key must be a -scalar- +chararray+ "
> # Removes a statement which says that a star expression is a tuple expression (it seems incorrect)
> # Fixes a subject confusion of a sentence "When two bytearrays are used in arithmetic expressions..."
> # Updates a link to Java API documentation.
> # Fixes a tuple example: "LOAD 'data' as..." -> "A = LOAD 'data' as..."
> # "the asterisk (\*) is used to project all -tuples- +fields+ "
> # A result of COGROUP with two relations contains _three_ fields, not _two_
> # Removes an example of COGROUP INNER, which is deprecated
> # Removes a sentence which says "JOIN operator always performs an inner join". Actually, JOIN also perform an outer join.
> # JOIN "Performs an outer join of two -ore more- relations"
> # Replaces an example of "-Dpig.additional.jars" with a jar file on HDFS. The current version incorrectly shows an example of a Pig script on HDFS.
> # Fixes typos, lack of hyperlinks, inappropriate indentation, and incorrect chaptering.

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[jira] [Updated] (PIG-2901) Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"

Posted by "Miyakawa Taku (JIRA)" <ji...@apache.org>.
     [ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel ]

Miyakawa Taku updated PIG-2901:
-------------------------------

    Attachment: PIG-2901.patch
    
> Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"
> -----------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: PIG-2901
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901
>             Project: Pig
>          Issue Type: Bug
>          Components: documentation
>    Affects Versions: 0.10.0
>            Reporter: Miyakawa Taku
>         Attachments: PIG-2901.patch
>
>
> This is a patch to fix errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics".
> # States that COGROUP groups records with a null key _from different relations_ separately.
> # "A map key must be a -scalar- +chararray+ "
> # Removes a statement which says that a star expression is a tuple expression (it seems incorrect)
> # Fixes a subject confusion of a sentence "When two bytearrays are used in arithmetic expressions..."
> # Updates a link to Java API documentation.
> # Fixes a tuple example: "LOAD 'data' as..." -> "A = LOAD 'data' as..."
> # "the asterisk (\*) is used to project all -tuples- +fields+ "
> # A result of COGROUP with two relations contains _three_ fields, not _two_
> # Removes an example of COGROUP INNER, which is deprecated
> # Removes a sentence which says "JOIN operator always performs an inner join". Actually, JOIN also perform an outer join.
> # JOIN "Performs an outer join of two -ore more- relations"
> # Replaces an example of "-Dpig.additional.jars" with a jar file on HDFS. The current version incorrectly shows an example of a Pig script on HDFS.
> # Fixes typos, lack of hyperlinks, inappropriate indentation, and incorrect chaptering.

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[jira] [Assigned] (PIG-2901) Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"

Posted by "Bill Graham (JIRA)" <ji...@apache.org>.
     [ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel ]

Bill Graham reassigned PIG-2901:
--------------------------------

    Assignee: Miyakawa Taku
    
> Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"
> -----------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: PIG-2901
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901
>             Project: Pig
>          Issue Type: Bug
>          Components: documentation
>    Affects Versions: 0.10.0
>            Reporter: Miyakawa Taku
>            Assignee: Miyakawa Taku
>              Labels: documentation
>         Attachments: PIG-2901.patch
>
>
> This is a patch to fix errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics".
> # States that COGROUP groups records with a null key _from different relations_ separately.
> # "A map key must be a -scalar- +chararray+ "
> # Removes a statement which says that a star expression is a tuple expression (it seems incorrect)
> # Fixes a subject confusion of a sentence "When two bytearrays are used in arithmetic expressions..."
> # Updates a link to Java API documentation.
> # Fixes a tuple example: "LOAD 'data' as..." -> "A = LOAD 'data' as..."
> # "the asterisk (\*) is used to project all -tuples- +fields+ "
> # A result of COGROUP with two relations contains _three_ fields, not _two_
> # Removes an example of COGROUP INNER, which is deprecated
> # Removes a sentence which says "JOIN operator always performs an inner join". Actually, JOIN also perform an outer join.
> # JOIN "Performs an outer join of two -ore more- relations"
> # Replaces an example of "-Dpig.additional.jars" with a jar file on HDFS. The current version incorrectly shows an example of a Pig script on HDFS.
> # Fixes typos, lack of hyperlinks, inappropriate indentation, and incorrect chaptering.

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[jira] [Updated] (PIG-2901) Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"

Posted by "Miyakawa Taku (JIRA)" <ji...@apache.org>.
     [ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel ]

Miyakawa Taku updated PIG-2901:
-------------------------------

    Labels: documentation  (was: )
    Status: Patch Available  (was: Open)
    
> Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"
> -----------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: PIG-2901
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901
>             Project: Pig
>          Issue Type: Bug
>          Components: documentation
>    Affects Versions: 0.10.0
>            Reporter: Miyakawa Taku
>              Labels: documentation
>         Attachments: PIG-2901.patch
>
>
> This is a patch to fix errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics".
> # States that COGROUP groups records with a null key _from different relations_ separately.
> # "A map key must be a -scalar- +chararray+ "
> # Removes a statement which says that a star expression is a tuple expression (it seems incorrect)
> # Fixes a subject confusion of a sentence "When two bytearrays are used in arithmetic expressions..."
> # Updates a link to Java API documentation.
> # Fixes a tuple example: "LOAD 'data' as..." -> "A = LOAD 'data' as..."
> # "the asterisk (\*) is used to project all -tuples- +fields+ "
> # A result of COGROUP with two relations contains _three_ fields, not _two_
> # Removes an example of COGROUP INNER, which is deprecated
> # Removes a sentence which says "JOIN operator always performs an inner join". Actually, JOIN also perform an outer join.
> # JOIN "Performs an outer join of two -ore more- relations"
> # Replaces an example of "-Dpig.additional.jars" with a jar file on HDFS. The current version incorrectly shows an example of a Pig script on HDFS.
> # Fixes typos, lack of hyperlinks, inappropriate indentation, and incorrect chaptering.

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[jira] [Updated] (PIG-2901) Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"

Posted by "Miyakawa Taku (JIRA)" <ji...@apache.org>.
     [ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel ]

Miyakawa Taku updated PIG-2901:
-------------------------------

    Attachment: PIG-2901.patch

Thank you for the comments.

I've updated the patch (firend1 -> friend1, and removes #3 tentatively) .

Re #3, I thought the sentence was wrong because a star expression does not produce a tuple, but projects all fields of the input relation. Therefore, I thought, a star expression cannot be a tuple expression.

However, I got more unsure of the whole section "Tuple Expressions". The section seems to talk about an expression of the form "(x, y, z, ...)" which produces a tuple value, but as far as I know, such a syntax is allowed only to produce a tuple constant, which is already described on the section "Constants".

Maybe I misunderstand or overlook something. What do you think about it?
                
> Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"
> -----------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: PIG-2901
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901
>             Project: Pig
>          Issue Type: Bug
>          Components: documentation
>    Affects Versions: 0.10.0
>            Reporter: Miyakawa Taku
>            Assignee: Miyakawa Taku
>              Labels: documentation
>         Attachments: PIG-2901.patch
>
>
> This is a patch to fix errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics".
> # States that COGROUP groups records with a null key _from different relations_ separately.
> # "A map key must be a -scalar- +chararray+ "
> # Removes a statement which says that a star expression is a tuple expression (it seems incorrect)
> # Fixes a subject confusion of a sentence "When two bytearrays are used in arithmetic expressions..."
> # Updates a link to Java API documentation.
> # Fixes a tuple example: "LOAD 'data' as..." -> "A = LOAD 'data' as..."
> # "the asterisk (\*) is used to project all -tuples- +fields+ "
> # A result of COGROUP with two relations contains _three_ fields, not _two_
> # Removes an example of COGROUP INNER, which is deprecated
> # Removes a sentence which says "JOIN operator always performs an inner join". Actually, JOIN also perform an outer join.
> # JOIN "Performs an outer join of two -ore more- relations"
> # Replaces an example of "-Dpig.additional.jars" with a jar file on HDFS. The current version incorrectly shows an example of a Pig script on HDFS.
> # Fixes typos, lack of hyperlinks, inappropriate indentation, and incorrect chaptering.

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[jira] [Commented] (PIG-2901) Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"

Posted by "Miyakawa Taku (JIRA)" <ji...@apache.org>.
    [ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=13451263#comment-13451263 ] 

Miyakawa Taku commented on PIG-2901:
------------------------------------

Thank you, now I understand what the section means.

Could you apply the patch?

                
> Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"
> -----------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: PIG-2901
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901
>             Project: Pig
>          Issue Type: Bug
>          Components: documentation
>    Affects Versions: 0.10.0
>            Reporter: Miyakawa Taku
>            Assignee: Miyakawa Taku
>              Labels: documentation
>         Attachments: PIG-2901.patch
>
>
> This is a patch to fix errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics".
> # States that COGROUP groups records with a null key _from different relations_ separately.
> # "A map key must be a -scalar- +chararray+ "
> # Removes a statement which says that a star expression is a tuple expression (it seems incorrect)
> # Fixes a subject confusion of a sentence "When two bytearrays are used in arithmetic expressions..."
> # Updates a link to Java API documentation.
> # Fixes a tuple example: "LOAD 'data' as..." -> "A = LOAD 'data' as..."
> # "the asterisk (\*) is used to project all -tuples- +fields+ "
> # A result of COGROUP with two relations contains _three_ fields, not _two_
> # Removes an example of COGROUP INNER, which is deprecated
> # Removes a sentence which says "JOIN operator always performs an inner join". Actually, JOIN also perform an outer join.
> # JOIN "Performs an outer join of two -ore more- relations"
> # Replaces an example of "-Dpig.additional.jars" with a jar file on HDFS. The current version incorrectly shows an example of a Pig script on HDFS.
> # Fixes typos, lack of hyperlinks, inappropriate indentation, and incorrect chaptering.

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[jira] [Commented] (PIG-2901) Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"

Posted by "Bill Graham (JIRA)" <ji...@apache.org>.
    [ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=13450247#comment-13450247 ] 

Bill Graham commented on PIG-2901:
----------------------------------

I think the Tuple Expressions section makes sense as written. It's pointing out how you can represent a tuple via expressions, which is different than a tuple of constants. For example these would each be tuple expressions I'd think:

{noformat}
C = FOREACH A GENERATE name, age, MyUDF(*);
C = FOREACH A GENERATE MyUDF(name), *;
{noformat}

                
> Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"
> -----------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: PIG-2901
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901
>             Project: Pig
>          Issue Type: Bug
>          Components: documentation
>    Affects Versions: 0.10.0
>            Reporter: Miyakawa Taku
>            Assignee: Miyakawa Taku
>              Labels: documentation
>         Attachments: PIG-2901.patch
>
>
> This is a patch to fix errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics".
> # States that COGROUP groups records with a null key _from different relations_ separately.
> # "A map key must be a -scalar- +chararray+ "
> # Removes a statement which says that a star expression is a tuple expression (it seems incorrect)
> # Fixes a subject confusion of a sentence "When two bytearrays are used in arithmetic expressions..."
> # Updates a link to Java API documentation.
> # Fixes a tuple example: "LOAD 'data' as..." -> "A = LOAD 'data' as..."
> # "the asterisk (\*) is used to project all -tuples- +fields+ "
> # A result of COGROUP with two relations contains _three_ fields, not _two_
> # Removes an example of COGROUP INNER, which is deprecated
> # Removes a sentence which says "JOIN operator always performs an inner join". Actually, JOIN also perform an outer join.
> # JOIN "Performs an outer join of two -ore more- relations"
> # Replaces an example of "-Dpig.additional.jars" with a jar file on HDFS. The current version incorrectly shows an example of a Pig script on HDFS.
> # Fixes typos, lack of hyperlinks, inappropriate indentation, and incorrect chaptering.

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[jira] [Updated] (PIG-2901) Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"

Posted by "Miyakawa Taku (JIRA)" <ji...@apache.org>.
     [ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel ]

Miyakawa Taku updated PIG-2901:
-------------------------------

    Attachment:     (was: PIG-2901.patch)
    
> Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"
> -----------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: PIG-2901
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901
>             Project: Pig
>          Issue Type: Bug
>          Components: documentation
>    Affects Versions: 0.10.0
>            Reporter: Miyakawa Taku
>            Assignee: Miyakawa Taku
>              Labels: documentation
>         Attachments: PIG-2901.patch
>
>
> This is a patch to fix errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics".
> # States that COGROUP groups records with a null key _from different relations_ separately.
> # "A map key must be a -scalar- +chararray+ "
> # Removes a statement which says that a star expression is a tuple expression (it seems incorrect)
> # Fixes a subject confusion of a sentence "When two bytearrays are used in arithmetic expressions..."
> # Updates a link to Java API documentation.
> # Fixes a tuple example: "LOAD 'data' as..." -> "A = LOAD 'data' as..."
> # "the asterisk (\*) is used to project all -tuples- +fields+ "
> # A result of COGROUP with two relations contains _three_ fields, not _two_
> # Removes an example of COGROUP INNER, which is deprecated
> # Removes a sentence which says "JOIN operator always performs an inner join". Actually, JOIN also perform an outer join.
> # JOIN "Performs an outer join of two -ore more- relations"
> # Replaces an example of "-Dpig.additional.jars" with a jar file on HDFS. The current version incorrectly shows an example of a Pig script on HDFS.
> # Fixes typos, lack of hyperlinks, inappropriate indentation, and incorrect chaptering.

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[jira] [Commented] (PIG-2901) Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"

Posted by "Bill Graham (JIRA)" <ji...@apache.org>.
    [ https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=13448497#comment-13448497 ] 

Bill Graham commented on PIG-2901:
----------------------------------

Thanks Miyakawa! These are great fixes.

Two comments:

Re #3 above, I don't think it's incorrect. It says "The simplest tuple expression is the star expression, which represents all fields" which is different than saying a star expression is a tuple expression. Any other opinions out there re this?

Looks like there's actually a second typo on one of the lines you corrected (see firend1). Would you mind updating that one too please?
{noformat}
-X: {group: chararray,A: {owner: chararray,pet: chararray},b: {firend1: chararray,friend2: chararray}}
+X: {group: chararray,A: {owner: chararray,pet: chararray},B: {firend1: chararray,friend2: chararray}}
{noformat}
  
                
> Errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics"
> -----------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: PIG-2901
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PIG-2901
>             Project: Pig
>          Issue Type: Bug
>          Components: documentation
>    Affects Versions: 0.10.0
>            Reporter: Miyakawa Taku
>              Labels: documentation
>         Attachments: PIG-2901.patch
>
>
> This is a patch to fix errors and lacks in document "Pig Latin Basics".
> # States that COGROUP groups records with a null key _from different relations_ separately.
> # "A map key must be a -scalar- +chararray+ "
> # Removes a statement which says that a star expression is a tuple expression (it seems incorrect)
> # Fixes a subject confusion of a sentence "When two bytearrays are used in arithmetic expressions..."
> # Updates a link to Java API documentation.
> # Fixes a tuple example: "LOAD 'data' as..." -> "A = LOAD 'data' as..."
> # "the asterisk (\*) is used to project all -tuples- +fields+ "
> # A result of COGROUP with two relations contains _three_ fields, not _two_
> # Removes an example of COGROUP INNER, which is deprecated
> # Removes a sentence which says "JOIN operator always performs an inner join". Actually, JOIN also perform an outer join.
> # JOIN "Performs an outer join of two -ore more- relations"
> # Replaces an example of "-Dpig.additional.jars" with a jar file on HDFS. The current version incorrectly shows an example of a Pig script on HDFS.
> # Fixes typos, lack of hyperlinks, inappropriate indentation, and incorrect chaptering.

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