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Posted to commits@arrow.apache.org by gi...@apache.org on 2022/08/25 15:32:25 UTC

[arrow-nanoarrow] branch main updated: Update dist/ for commit 720b663cf46ea2a251b7796cea421e9c6f04febf

This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.

github-bot pushed a commit to branch main
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/arrow-nanoarrow.git


The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/main by this push:
     new 994307a  Update dist/ for commit 720b663cf46ea2a251b7796cea421e9c6f04febf
994307a is described below

commit 994307a3eded8f53d208b187dc2f1260b24c3901
Author: GitHub Actions <ac...@github.com>
AuthorDate: Thu Aug 25 15:32:22 2022 +0000

    Update dist/ for commit 720b663cf46ea2a251b7796cea421e9c6f04febf
---
 dist/nanoarrow.c | 2203 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 dist/nanoarrow.h | 2207 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 4410 insertions(+)

diff --git a/dist/nanoarrow.c b/dist/nanoarrow.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..693fbf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dist/nanoarrow.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2203 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "nanoarrow.h"
+
+const char* ArrowNanoarrowBuildId() { return NANOARROW_BUILD_ID; }
+
+int ArrowErrorSet(struct ArrowError* error, const char* fmt, ...) {
+  if (error == NULL) {
+    return NANOARROW_OK;
+  }
+
+  memset(error->message, 0, sizeof(error->message));
+
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+  int chars_needed = vsnprintf(error->message, sizeof(error->message), fmt, args);
+  va_end(args);
+
+  if (chars_needed < 0) {
+    return EINVAL;
+  } else if (chars_needed >= sizeof(error->message)) {
+    return ERANGE;
+  } else {
+    return NANOARROW_OK;
+  }
+}
+
+const char* ArrowErrorMessage(struct ArrowError* error) { return error->message; }
+
+void ArrowLayoutInit(struct ArrowLayout* layout, enum ArrowType storage_type) {
+  layout->buffer_type[0] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_VALIDITY;
+  layout->buffer_type[1] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_NONE;
+  layout->buffer_type[2] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_NONE;
+
+  layout->element_size_bits[0] = 1;
+  layout->element_size_bits[1] = 0;
+  layout->element_size_bits[2] = 0;
+
+  layout->child_size_elements = 0;
+
+  switch (storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UNINITIALIZED:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_NA:
+      layout->buffer_type[0] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_NONE;
+      layout->element_size_bits[0] = 0;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LIST:
+      layout->buffer_type[1] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA_OFFSET;
+      layout->element_size_bits[1] = 32;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_LIST:
+      layout->buffer_type[1] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA_OFFSET;
+      layout->element_size_bits[1] = 64;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BOOL:
+      layout->buffer_type[1] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA;
+      layout->element_size_bits[1] = 1;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT8:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT8:
+      layout->buffer_type[1] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA;
+      layout->element_size_bits[1] = 8;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT16:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT16:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_HALF_FLOAT:
+      layout->buffer_type[1] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA;
+      layout->element_size_bits[1] = 16;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_MONTHS:
+      layout->buffer_type[1] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA;
+      layout->element_size_bits[1] = 32;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_DAY_TIME:
+      layout->buffer_type[1] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA;
+      layout->element_size_bits[1] = 64;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DECIMAL128:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_MONTH_DAY_NANO:
+      layout->buffer_type[1] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA;
+      layout->element_size_bits[1] = 128;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DECIMAL256:
+      layout->buffer_type[1] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA;
+      layout->element_size_bits[1] = 256;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_BINARY:
+      layout->buffer_type[1] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DENSE_UNION:
+      layout->buffer_type[0] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_TYPE_ID;
+      layout->element_size_bits[0] = 8;
+      layout->buffer_type[1] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_UNION_OFFSET;
+      layout->element_size_bits[1] = 32;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_SPARSE_UNION:
+      layout->buffer_type[0] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_TYPE_ID;
+      layout->element_size_bits[0] = 8;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_STRING:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BINARY:
+      layout->buffer_type[1] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA_OFFSET;
+      layout->element_size_bits[1] = 32;
+      layout->buffer_type[2] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_STRING:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_BINARY:
+      layout->buffer_type[1] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA_OFFSET;
+      layout->element_size_bits[1] = 64;
+      layout->buffer_type[2] = NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA;
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void* ArrowMalloc(int64_t size) { return malloc(size); }
+
+void* ArrowRealloc(void* ptr, int64_t size) { return realloc(ptr, size); }
+
+void ArrowFree(void* ptr) { free(ptr); }
+
+static uint8_t* ArrowBufferAllocatorMallocAllocate(struct ArrowBufferAllocator* allocator,
+                                                   int64_t size) {
+  return ArrowMalloc(size);
+}
+
+static uint8_t* ArrowBufferAllocatorMallocReallocate(
+    struct ArrowBufferAllocator* allocator, uint8_t* ptr, int64_t old_size,
+    int64_t new_size) {
+  return ArrowRealloc(ptr, new_size);
+}
+
+static void ArrowBufferAllocatorMallocFree(struct ArrowBufferAllocator* allocator,
+                                           uint8_t* ptr, int64_t size) {
+  ArrowFree(ptr);
+}
+
+static struct ArrowBufferAllocator ArrowBufferAllocatorMalloc = {
+    &ArrowBufferAllocatorMallocReallocate, &ArrowBufferAllocatorMallocFree, NULL};
+
+struct ArrowBufferAllocator ArrowBufferAllocatorDefault() {
+  return ArrowBufferAllocatorMalloc;
+}
+
+static uint8_t* ArrowBufferAllocatorNeverAllocate(struct ArrowBufferAllocator* allocator,
+                                                  int64_t size) {
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+static uint8_t* ArrowBufferAllocatorNeverReallocate(
+    struct ArrowBufferAllocator* allocator, uint8_t* ptr, int64_t old_size,
+    int64_t new_size) {
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+struct ArrowBufferAllocator ArrowBufferDeallocator(
+    void (*custom_free)(struct ArrowBufferAllocator* allocator, uint8_t* ptr,
+                        int64_t size),
+    void* private_data) {
+  struct ArrowBufferAllocator allocator;
+  allocator.reallocate = &ArrowBufferAllocatorNeverReallocate;
+  allocator.free = custom_free;
+  allocator.private_data = private_data;
+  return allocator;
+}
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "nanoarrow.h"
+
+void ArrowSchemaRelease(struct ArrowSchema* schema) {
+  if (schema->format != NULL) ArrowFree((void*)schema->format);
+  if (schema->name != NULL) ArrowFree((void*)schema->name);
+  if (schema->metadata != NULL) ArrowFree((void*)schema->metadata);
+
+  // This object owns the memory for all the children, but those
+  // children may have been generated elsewhere and might have
+  // their own release() callback.
+  if (schema->children != NULL) {
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < schema->n_children; i++) {
+      if (schema->children[i] != NULL) {
+        if (schema->children[i]->release != NULL) {
+          schema->children[i]->release(schema->children[i]);
+        }
+
+        ArrowFree(schema->children[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    ArrowFree(schema->children);
+  }
+
+  // This object owns the memory for the dictionary but it
+  // may have been generated somewhere else and have its own
+  // release() callback.
+  if (schema->dictionary != NULL) {
+    if (schema->dictionary->release != NULL) {
+      schema->dictionary->release(schema->dictionary);
+    }
+
+    ArrowFree(schema->dictionary);
+  }
+
+  // private data not currently used
+  if (schema->private_data != NULL) {
+    ArrowFree(schema->private_data);
+  }
+
+  schema->release = NULL;
+}
+
+const char* ArrowSchemaFormatTemplate(enum ArrowType data_type) {
+  switch (data_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UNINITIALIZED:
+      return NULL;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_NA:
+      return "n";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BOOL:
+      return "b";
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT8:
+      return "C";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT8:
+      return "c";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT16:
+      return "S";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT16:
+      return "s";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT32:
+      return "I";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32:
+      return "i";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT64:
+      return "L";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64:
+      return "l";
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_HALF_FLOAT:
+      return "e";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return "f";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return "g";
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_STRING:
+      return "u";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_STRING:
+      return "U";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BINARY:
+      return "z";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_BINARY:
+      return "Z";
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DATE32:
+      return "tdD";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DATE64:
+      return "tdm";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_MONTHS:
+      return "tiM";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_DAY_TIME:
+      return "tiD";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_MONTH_DAY_NANO:
+      return "tin";
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LIST:
+      return "+l";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_LIST:
+      return "+L";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_STRUCT:
+      return "+s";
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_MAP:
+      return "+m";
+
+    default:
+      return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaInit(struct ArrowSchema* schema, enum ArrowType data_type) {
+  schema->format = NULL;
+  schema->name = NULL;
+  schema->metadata = NULL;
+  schema->flags = ARROW_FLAG_NULLABLE;
+  schema->n_children = 0;
+  schema->children = NULL;
+  schema->dictionary = NULL;
+  schema->private_data = NULL;
+  schema->release = &ArrowSchemaRelease;
+
+  // We don't allocate the dictionary because it has to be nullptr
+  // for non-dictionary-encoded arrays.
+
+  // Set the format to a valid format string for data_type
+  const char* template_format = ArrowSchemaFormatTemplate(data_type);
+
+  // If data_type isn't recognized and not explicitly unset
+  if (template_format == NULL && data_type != NANOARROW_TYPE_UNINITIALIZED) {
+    schema->release(schema);
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  int result = ArrowSchemaSetFormat(schema, template_format);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    schema->release(schema);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaInitFixedSize(struct ArrowSchema* schema,
+                                        enum ArrowType data_type, int32_t fixed_size) {
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowSchemaInit(schema, NANOARROW_TYPE_UNINITIALIZED));
+
+  if (fixed_size <= 0) {
+    schema->release(schema);
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  char buffer[64];
+  int n_chars;
+  switch (data_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_BINARY:
+      n_chars = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "w:%d", (int)fixed_size);
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_LIST:
+      n_chars = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "+w:%d", (int)fixed_size);
+      break;
+    default:
+      schema->release(schema);
+      return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  buffer[n_chars] = '\0';
+  int result = ArrowSchemaSetFormat(schema, buffer);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    schema->release(schema);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaInitDecimal(struct ArrowSchema* schema,
+                                      enum ArrowType data_type, int32_t decimal_precision,
+                                      int32_t decimal_scale) {
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowSchemaInit(schema, NANOARROW_TYPE_UNINITIALIZED));
+
+  if (decimal_precision <= 0) {
+    schema->release(schema);
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  char buffer[64];
+  int n_chars;
+  switch (data_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DECIMAL128:
+      n_chars =
+          snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "d:%d,%d", decimal_precision, decimal_scale);
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DECIMAL256:
+      n_chars = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "d:%d,%d,256", decimal_precision,
+                         decimal_scale);
+      break;
+    default:
+      schema->release(schema);
+      return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  buffer[n_chars] = '\0';
+
+  int result = ArrowSchemaSetFormat(schema, buffer);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    schema->release(schema);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static const char* ArrowTimeUnitString(enum ArrowTimeUnit time_unit) {
+  switch (time_unit) {
+    case NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_SECOND:
+      return "s";
+    case NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_MILLI:
+      return "m";
+    case NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_MICRO:
+      return "u";
+    case NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_NANO:
+      return "n";
+    default:
+      return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaInitDateTime(struct ArrowSchema* schema,
+                                       enum ArrowType data_type,
+                                       enum ArrowTimeUnit time_unit,
+                                       const char* timezone) {
+  int result = ArrowSchemaInit(schema, NANOARROW_TYPE_UNINITIALIZED);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  const char* time_unit_str = ArrowTimeUnitString(time_unit);
+  if (time_unit_str == NULL) {
+    schema->release(schema);
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  char buffer[128];
+  int n_chars;
+  switch (data_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_TIME32:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_TIME64:
+      if (timezone != NULL) {
+        schema->release(schema);
+        return EINVAL;
+      }
+      n_chars = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "tt%s", time_unit_str);
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_TIMESTAMP:
+      if (timezone == NULL) {
+        timezone = "";
+      }
+      n_chars = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "ts%s:%s", time_unit_str, timezone);
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DURATION:
+      if (timezone != NULL) {
+        schema->release(schema);
+        return EINVAL;
+      }
+      n_chars = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "tD%s", time_unit_str);
+      break;
+    default:
+      schema->release(schema);
+      return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  if (n_chars >= sizeof(buffer)) {
+    schema->release(schema);
+    return ERANGE;
+  }
+
+  buffer[n_chars] = '\0';
+
+  result = ArrowSchemaSetFormat(schema, buffer);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    schema->release(schema);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaSetFormat(struct ArrowSchema* schema, const char* format) {
+  if (schema->format != NULL) {
+    ArrowFree((void*)schema->format);
+  }
+
+  if (format != NULL) {
+    size_t format_size = strlen(format) + 1;
+    schema->format = (const char*)ArrowMalloc(format_size);
+    if (schema->format == NULL) {
+      return ENOMEM;
+    }
+
+    memcpy((void*)schema->format, format, format_size);
+  } else {
+    schema->format = NULL;
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaSetName(struct ArrowSchema* schema, const char* name) {
+  if (schema->name != NULL) {
+    ArrowFree((void*)schema->name);
+  }
+
+  if (name != NULL) {
+    size_t name_size = strlen(name) + 1;
+    schema->name = (const char*)ArrowMalloc(name_size);
+    if (schema->name == NULL) {
+      return ENOMEM;
+    }
+
+    memcpy((void*)schema->name, name, name_size);
+  } else {
+    schema->name = NULL;
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaSetMetadata(struct ArrowSchema* schema, const char* metadata) {
+  if (schema->metadata != NULL) {
+    ArrowFree((void*)schema->metadata);
+  }
+
+  if (metadata != NULL) {
+    size_t metadata_size = ArrowMetadataSizeOf(metadata);
+    schema->metadata = (const char*)ArrowMalloc(metadata_size);
+    if (schema->metadata == NULL) {
+      return ENOMEM;
+    }
+
+    memcpy((void*)schema->metadata, metadata, metadata_size);
+  } else {
+    schema->metadata = NULL;
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaAllocateChildren(struct ArrowSchema* schema,
+                                           int64_t n_children) {
+  if (schema->children != NULL) {
+    return EEXIST;
+  }
+
+  if (n_children > 0) {
+    schema->children =
+        (struct ArrowSchema**)ArrowMalloc(n_children * sizeof(struct ArrowSchema*));
+
+    if (schema->children == NULL) {
+      return ENOMEM;
+    }
+
+    schema->n_children = n_children;
+
+    memset(schema->children, 0, n_children * sizeof(struct ArrowSchema*));
+
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < n_children; i++) {
+      schema->children[i] = (struct ArrowSchema*)ArrowMalloc(sizeof(struct ArrowSchema));
+
+      if (schema->children[i] == NULL) {
+        return ENOMEM;
+      }
+
+      schema->children[i]->release = NULL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaAllocateDictionary(struct ArrowSchema* schema) {
+  if (schema->dictionary != NULL) {
+    return EEXIST;
+  }
+
+  schema->dictionary = (struct ArrowSchema*)ArrowMalloc(sizeof(struct ArrowSchema));
+  if (schema->dictionary == NULL) {
+    return ENOMEM;
+  }
+
+  schema->dictionary->release = NULL;
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+int ArrowSchemaDeepCopy(struct ArrowSchema* schema, struct ArrowSchema* schema_out) {
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowSchemaInit(schema_out, NANOARROW_TYPE_NA));
+
+  int result = ArrowSchemaSetFormat(schema_out, schema->format);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    schema_out->release(schema_out);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  result = ArrowSchemaSetName(schema_out, schema->name);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    schema_out->release(schema_out);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  result = ArrowSchemaSetMetadata(schema_out, schema->metadata);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    schema_out->release(schema_out);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  result = ArrowSchemaAllocateChildren(schema_out, schema->n_children);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    schema_out->release(schema_out);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < schema->n_children; i++) {
+    result = ArrowSchemaDeepCopy(schema->children[i], schema_out->children[i]);
+    if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+      schema_out->release(schema_out);
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (schema->dictionary != NULL) {
+    result = ArrowSchemaAllocateDictionary(schema_out);
+    if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+      schema_out->release(schema_out);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    result = ArrowSchemaDeepCopy(schema->dictionary, schema_out->dictionary);
+    if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+      schema_out->release(schema_out);
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static void ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(struct ArrowSchemaView* schema_view,
+                                        enum ArrowType data_type) {
+  schema_view->data_type = data_type;
+  schema_view->storage_data_type = data_type;
+}
+
+static ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaViewParse(struct ArrowSchemaView* schema_view,
+                                           const char* format,
+                                           const char** format_end_out,
+                                           struct ArrowError* error) {
+  *format_end_out = format;
+
+  // needed for decimal parsing
+  const char* parse_start;
+  char* parse_end;
+
+  switch (format[0]) {
+    case 'n':
+      schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_NA;
+      schema_view->storage_data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_NA;
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+    case 'b':
+      ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_BOOL);
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+    case 'c':
+      ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT8);
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+    case 'C':
+      ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT8);
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+    case 's':
+      ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT16);
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+    case 'S':
+      ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT16);
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+    case 'i':
+      ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32);
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+    case 'I':
+      ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT32);
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+    case 'l':
+      ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64);
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+    case 'L':
+      ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT64);
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+    case 'e':
+      ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_HALF_FLOAT);
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+    case 'f':
+      ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_FLOAT);
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+    case 'g':
+      ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_DOUBLE);
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+
+    // decimal
+    case 'd':
+      if (format[1] != ':' || format[2] == '\0') {
+        ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected ':precision,scale[,bitwidth]' following 'd'",
+                      format + 3);
+        return EINVAL;
+      }
+
+      parse_start = format + 2;
+      schema_view->decimal_precision = strtol(parse_start, &parse_end, 10);
+      if (parse_end == parse_start || parse_end[0] != ',') {
+        ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected 'precision,scale[,bitwidth]' following 'd:'");
+        return EINVAL;
+      }
+
+      parse_start = parse_end + 1;
+      schema_view->decimal_scale = strtol(parse_start, &parse_end, 10);
+      if (parse_end == parse_start) {
+        ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected 'scale[,bitwidth]' following 'd:precision,'");
+        return EINVAL;
+      } else if (parse_end[0] != ',') {
+        schema_view->decimal_bitwidth = 128;
+      } else {
+        parse_start = parse_end + 1;
+        schema_view->decimal_bitwidth = strtol(parse_start, &parse_end, 10);
+        if (parse_start == parse_end) {
+          ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected precision following 'd:precision,scale,'");
+          return EINVAL;
+        }
+      }
+
+      *format_end_out = parse_end;
+
+      switch (schema_view->decimal_bitwidth) {
+        case 128:
+          ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_DECIMAL128);
+          return NANOARROW_OK;
+        case 256:
+          ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_DECIMAL256);
+          return NANOARROW_OK;
+        default:
+          ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected decimal bitwidth of 128 or 256 but found %d",
+                        (int)schema_view->decimal_bitwidth);
+          return EINVAL;
+      }
+
+    // validity + data
+    case 'w':
+      schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_BINARY;
+      schema_view->storage_data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_BINARY;
+      if (format[1] != ':' || format[2] == '\0') {
+        ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected ':<width>' following 'w'");
+        return EINVAL;
+      }
+
+      schema_view->fixed_size = strtol(format + 2, (char**)format_end_out, 10);
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+
+    // validity + offset + data
+    case 'z':
+      schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_BINARY;
+      schema_view->storage_data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_BINARY;
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+    case 'u':
+      schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_STRING;
+      schema_view->storage_data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_STRING;
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+
+    // validity + large_offset + data
+    case 'Z':
+      schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_BINARY;
+      schema_view->storage_data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_BINARY;
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+    case 'U':
+      schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_STRING;
+      schema_view->storage_data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_STRING;
+      *format_end_out = format + 1;
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+
+    // nested types
+    case '+':
+      switch (format[1]) {
+        // list has validity + offset or offset
+        case 'l':
+          schema_view->storage_data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_LIST;
+          schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_LIST;
+          *format_end_out = format + 2;
+          return NANOARROW_OK;
+
+        // large list has validity + large_offset or large_offset
+        case 'L':
+          schema_view->storage_data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_LIST;
+          schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_LIST;
+          *format_end_out = format + 2;
+          return NANOARROW_OK;
+
+        // just validity buffer
+        case 'w':
+          if (format[2] != ':' || format[3] == '\0') {
+            ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected ':<width>' following '+w'");
+            return EINVAL;
+          }
+
+          schema_view->storage_data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_LIST;
+          schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_LIST;
+          schema_view->fixed_size = strtol(format + 3, (char**)format_end_out, 10);
+          return NANOARROW_OK;
+        case 's':
+          schema_view->storage_data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_STRUCT;
+          schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_STRUCT;
+          *format_end_out = format + 2;
+          return NANOARROW_OK;
+        case 'm':
+          schema_view->storage_data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_MAP;
+          schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_MAP;
+          *format_end_out = format + 2;
+          return NANOARROW_OK;
+
+        // unions
+        case 'u':
+          switch (format[2]) {
+            case 'd':
+              schema_view->storage_data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_DENSE_UNION;
+              schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_DENSE_UNION;
+              break;
+            case 's':
+              schema_view->storage_data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_SPARSE_UNION;
+              schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_SPARSE_UNION;
+              break;
+            default:
+              ArrowErrorSet(error,
+                            "Expected union format string +us:<type_ids> or "
+                            "+ud:<type_ids> but found '%s'",
+                            format);
+              return EINVAL;
+          }
+
+          if (format[3] == ':') {
+            schema_view->union_type_ids.data = format + 4;
+            schema_view->union_type_ids.n_bytes = strlen(format + 4);
+            *format_end_out = format + strlen(format);
+            return NANOARROW_OK;
+          } else {
+            ArrowErrorSet(error,
+                          "Expected union format string +us:<type_ids> or +ud:<type_ids> "
+                          "but found '%s'",
+                          format);
+            return EINVAL;
+          }
+      }
+
+    // date/time types
+    case 't':
+      switch (format[1]) {
+        // date
+        case 'd':
+          switch (format[2]) {
+            case 'D':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32);
+              schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_DATE32;
+              *format_end_out = format + 3;
+              return NANOARROW_OK;
+            case 'm':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64);
+              schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_DATE64;
+              *format_end_out = format + 3;
+              return NANOARROW_OK;
+            default:
+              ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected 'D' or 'm' following 'td' but found '%s'",
+                            format + 2);
+              return EINVAL;
+          }
+
+        // time of day
+        case 't':
+          switch (format[2]) {
+            case 's':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32);
+              schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_TIME32;
+              schema_view->time_unit = NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_SECOND;
+              *format_end_out = format + 3;
+              return NANOARROW_OK;
+            case 'm':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32);
+              schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_TIME32;
+              schema_view->time_unit = NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_MILLI;
+              *format_end_out = format + 3;
+              return NANOARROW_OK;
+            case 'u':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64);
+              schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_TIME64;
+              schema_view->time_unit = NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_MICRO;
+              *format_end_out = format + 3;
+              return NANOARROW_OK;
+            case 'n':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64);
+              schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_TIME64;
+              schema_view->time_unit = NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_NANO;
+              *format_end_out = format + 3;
+              return NANOARROW_OK;
+            default:
+              ArrowErrorSet(
+                  error, "Expected 's', 'm', 'u', or 'n' following 'tt' but found '%s'",
+                  format + 2);
+              return EINVAL;
+          }
+
+        // timestamp
+        case 's':
+          switch (format[2]) {
+            case 's':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32);
+              schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_TIMESTAMP;
+              schema_view->time_unit = NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_SECOND;
+              break;
+            case 'm':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32);
+              schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_TIMESTAMP;
+              schema_view->time_unit = NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_MILLI;
+              break;
+            case 'u':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64);
+              schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_TIMESTAMP;
+              schema_view->time_unit = NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_MICRO;
+              break;
+            case 'n':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64);
+              schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_TIMESTAMP;
+              schema_view->time_unit = NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_NANO;
+              break;
+            default:
+              ArrowErrorSet(
+                  error, "Expected 's', 'm', 'u', or 'n' following 'ts' but found '%s'",
+                  format + 2);
+              return EINVAL;
+          }
+
+          if (format[3] != ':') {
+            ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected ':' following '%.3s' but found '%s'", format,
+                          format + 3);
+            return EINVAL;
+          }
+
+          schema_view->timezone.data = format + 4;
+          schema_view->timezone.n_bytes = strlen(format + 4);
+          *format_end_out = format + strlen(format);
+          return NANOARROW_OK;
+
+        // duration
+        case 'D':
+          switch (format[2]) {
+            case 's':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32);
+              schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_DURATION;
+              schema_view->time_unit = NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_SECOND;
+              *format_end_out = format + 3;
+              return NANOARROW_OK;
+            case 'm':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32);
+              schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_DURATION;
+              schema_view->time_unit = NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_MILLI;
+              *format_end_out = format + 3;
+              return NANOARROW_OK;
+            case 'u':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64);
+              schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_DURATION;
+              schema_view->time_unit = NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_MICRO;
+              *format_end_out = format + 3;
+              return NANOARROW_OK;
+            case 'n':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64);
+              schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_DURATION;
+              schema_view->time_unit = NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_NANO;
+              *format_end_out = format + 3;
+              return NANOARROW_OK;
+            default:
+              ArrowErrorSet(error,
+                            "Expected 's', 'm', u', or 'n' following 'tD' but found '%s'",
+                            format + 2);
+              return EINVAL;
+          }
+
+        // interval
+        case 'i':
+          switch (format[2]) {
+            case 'M':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_MONTHS);
+              *format_end_out = format + 3;
+              return NANOARROW_OK;
+            case 'D':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_DAY_TIME);
+              *format_end_out = format + 3;
+              return NANOARROW_OK;
+            case 'n':
+              ArrowSchemaViewSetPrimitive(schema_view,
+                                          NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_MONTH_DAY_NANO);
+              *format_end_out = format + 3;
+              return NANOARROW_OK;
+            default:
+              ArrowErrorSet(error,
+                            "Expected 'M', 'D', or 'n' following 'ti' but found '%s'",
+                            format + 2);
+              return EINVAL;
+          }
+
+        default:
+          ArrowErrorSet(
+              error, "Expected 'd', 't', 's', 'D', or 'i' following 't' but found '%s'",
+              format + 1);
+          return EINVAL;
+      }
+
+    default:
+      ArrowErrorSet(error, "Unknown format: '%s'", format);
+      return EINVAL;
+  }
+}
+
+static ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaViewValidateNChildren(
+    struct ArrowSchemaView* schema_view, int64_t n_children, struct ArrowError* error) {
+  if (n_children != -1 && schema_view->schema->n_children != n_children) {
+    ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected schema with %d children but found %d children",
+                  (int)n_children, (int)schema_view->schema->n_children);
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  // Don't do a full validation of children but do check that they won't
+  // segfault if inspected
+  struct ArrowSchema* child;
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < schema_view->schema->n_children; i++) {
+    child = schema_view->schema->children[i];
+    if (child == NULL) {
+      ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected valid schema at schema->children[%d] but found NULL",
+                    i);
+      return EINVAL;
+    } else if (child->release == NULL) {
+      ArrowErrorSet(
+          error,
+          "Expected valid schema at schema->children[%d] but found a released schema", i);
+      return EINVAL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaViewValidateUnion(struct ArrowSchemaView* schema_view,
+                                                   struct ArrowError* error) {
+  return ArrowSchemaViewValidateNChildren(schema_view, -1, error);
+}
+
+static ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaViewValidateMap(struct ArrowSchemaView* schema_view,
+                                                 struct ArrowError* error) {
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowSchemaViewValidateNChildren(schema_view, 1, error));
+
+  if (schema_view->schema->children[0]->n_children != 2) {
+    ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected child of map type to have 2 children but found %d",
+                  (int)schema_view->schema->children[0]->n_children);
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  if (strcmp(schema_view->schema->children[0]->format, "+s") != 0) {
+    ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected format of child of map type to be '+s' but found '%s'",
+                  schema_view->schema->children[0]->format);
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaViewValidateDictionary(
+    struct ArrowSchemaView* schema_view, struct ArrowError* error) {
+  // check for valid index type
+  switch (schema_view->storage_data_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT8:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT8:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT16:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT16:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64:
+      break;
+    default:
+      ArrowErrorSet(
+          error,
+          "Expected dictionary schema index type to be an integral type but found '%s'",
+          schema_view->schema->format);
+      return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  struct ArrowSchemaView dictionary_schema_view;
+  return ArrowSchemaViewInit(&dictionary_schema_view, schema_view->schema->dictionary,
+                             error);
+}
+
+static ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaViewValidate(struct ArrowSchemaView* schema_view,
+                                              enum ArrowType data_type,
+                                              struct ArrowError* error) {
+  switch (data_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_NA:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BOOL:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT8:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT8:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT16:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT16:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_HALF_FLOAT:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DECIMAL128:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DECIMAL256:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_STRING:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_STRING:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BINARY:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_BINARY:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DATE32:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DATE64:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_MONTHS:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_DAY_TIME:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_MONTH_DAY_NANO:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_TIMESTAMP:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_TIME32:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_TIME64:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DURATION:
+      return ArrowSchemaViewValidateNChildren(schema_view, 0, error);
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_BINARY:
+      if (schema_view->fixed_size <= 0) {
+        ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected size > 0 for fixed size binary but found size %d",
+                      schema_view->fixed_size);
+        return EINVAL;
+      }
+      return ArrowSchemaViewValidateNChildren(schema_view, 0, error);
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LIST:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_LIST:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_LIST:
+      return ArrowSchemaViewValidateNChildren(schema_view, 1, error);
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_STRUCT:
+      return ArrowSchemaViewValidateNChildren(schema_view, -1, error);
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_SPARSE_UNION:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DENSE_UNION:
+      return ArrowSchemaViewValidateUnion(schema_view, error);
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_MAP:
+      return ArrowSchemaViewValidateMap(schema_view, error);
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DICTIONARY:
+      return ArrowSchemaViewValidateDictionary(schema_view, error);
+
+    default:
+      ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected a valid enum ArrowType value but found %d",
+                    (int)schema_view->data_type);
+      return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaViewInit(struct ArrowSchemaView* schema_view,
+                                   struct ArrowSchema* schema, struct ArrowError* error) {
+  if (schema == NULL) {
+    ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected non-NULL schema");
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  if (schema->release == NULL) {
+    ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected non-released schema");
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  schema_view->schema = schema;
+
+  const char* format = schema->format;
+  if (format == NULL) {
+    ArrowErrorSet(
+        error,
+        "Error parsing schema->format: Expected a null-terminated string but found NULL");
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  int format_len = strlen(format);
+  if (format_len == 0) {
+    ArrowErrorSet(error, "Error parsing schema->format: Expected a string with size > 0");
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  const char* format_end_out;
+  ArrowErrorCode result =
+      ArrowSchemaViewParse(schema_view, format, &format_end_out, error);
+
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    char child_error[1024];
+    memcpy(child_error, ArrowErrorMessage(error), 1024);
+    ArrowErrorSet(error, "Error parsing schema->format: %s", child_error);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  if ((format + format_len) != format_end_out) {
+    ArrowErrorSet(error, "Error parsing schema->format '%s': parsed %d/%d characters",
+                  format, (int)(format_end_out - format), (int)(format_len));
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  if (schema->dictionary != NULL) {
+    schema_view->data_type = NANOARROW_TYPE_DICTIONARY;
+  }
+
+  result = ArrowSchemaViewValidate(schema_view, schema_view->storage_data_type, error);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  if (schema_view->storage_data_type != schema_view->data_type) {
+    result = ArrowSchemaViewValidate(schema_view, schema_view->data_type, error);
+    if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ArrowLayoutInit(&schema_view->layout, schema_view->storage_data_type);
+  if (schema_view->storage_data_type == NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_BINARY) {
+    schema_view->layout.element_size_bits[1] = schema_view->fixed_size * 8;
+  } else if (schema_view->storage_data_type == NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_LIST) {
+    schema_view->layout.child_size_elements = schema_view->fixed_size;
+  }
+
+  schema_view->extension_name = ArrowCharView(NULL);
+  schema_view->extension_metadata = ArrowCharView(NULL);
+  ArrowMetadataGetValue(schema->metadata, ArrowCharView("ARROW:extension:name"),
+                        &schema_view->extension_name);
+  ArrowMetadataGetValue(schema->metadata, ArrowCharView("ARROW:extension:metadata"),
+                        &schema_view->extension_metadata);
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataReaderInit(struct ArrowMetadataReader* reader,
+                                       const char* metadata) {
+  reader->metadata = metadata;
+
+  if (reader->metadata == NULL) {
+    reader->offset = 0;
+    reader->remaining_keys = 0;
+  } else {
+    memcpy(&reader->remaining_keys, reader->metadata, sizeof(int32_t));
+    reader->offset = sizeof(int32_t);
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataReaderRead(struct ArrowMetadataReader* reader,
+                                       struct ArrowStringView* key_out,
+                                       struct ArrowStringView* value_out) {
+  if (reader->remaining_keys <= 0) {
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  int64_t pos = 0;
+
+  int32_t key_size;
+  memcpy(&key_size, reader->metadata + reader->offset + pos, sizeof(int32_t));
+  pos += sizeof(int32_t);
+
+  key_out->data = reader->metadata + reader->offset + pos;
+  key_out->n_bytes = key_size;
+  pos += key_size;
+
+  int32_t value_size;
+  memcpy(&value_size, reader->metadata + reader->offset + pos, sizeof(int32_t));
+  pos += sizeof(int32_t);
+
+  value_out->data = reader->metadata + reader->offset + pos;
+  value_out->n_bytes = value_size;
+  pos += value_size;
+
+  reader->offset += pos;
+  reader->remaining_keys--;
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+int64_t ArrowMetadataSizeOf(const char* metadata) {
+  if (metadata == NULL) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  struct ArrowMetadataReader reader;
+  struct ArrowStringView key;
+  struct ArrowStringView value;
+  ArrowMetadataReaderInit(&reader, metadata);
+
+  int64_t size = sizeof(int32_t);
+  while (ArrowMetadataReaderRead(&reader, &key, &value) == NANOARROW_OK) {
+    size += sizeof(int32_t) + key.n_bytes + sizeof(int32_t) + value.n_bytes;
+  }
+
+  return size;
+}
+
+static ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataGetValueInternal(const char* metadata,
+                                                    struct ArrowStringView* key,
+                                                    struct ArrowStringView* value_out) {
+  struct ArrowMetadataReader reader;
+  struct ArrowStringView existing_key;
+  struct ArrowStringView existing_value;
+  ArrowMetadataReaderInit(&reader, metadata);
+
+  int64_t size = sizeof(int32_t);
+  while (ArrowMetadataReaderRead(&reader, &existing_key, &existing_value) ==
+         NANOARROW_OK) {
+    int key_equal = key->n_bytes == existing_key.n_bytes &&
+                    strncmp(key->data, existing_key.data, existing_key.n_bytes) == 0;
+    if (key_equal) {
+      value_out->data = existing_value.data;
+      value_out->n_bytes = existing_value.n_bytes;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataGetValue(const char* metadata, struct ArrowStringView key,
+                                     struct ArrowStringView* value_out) {
+  if (value_out == NULL) {
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  return ArrowMetadataGetValueInternal(metadata, &key, value_out);
+}
+
+char ArrowMetadataHasKey(const char* metadata, struct ArrowStringView key) {
+  struct ArrowStringView value = ArrowCharView(NULL);
+  ArrowMetadataGetValue(metadata, key, &value);
+  return value.data != NULL;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataBuilderInit(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                        const char* metadata) {
+  ArrowBufferInit(buffer);
+  return ArrowBufferAppend(buffer, metadata, ArrowMetadataSizeOf(metadata));
+}
+
+static ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataBuilderAppendInternal(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                         struct ArrowStringView* key,
+                                                         struct ArrowStringView* value) {
+  if (value == NULL) {
+    return NANOARROW_OK;
+  }
+
+  if (buffer->capacity_bytes == 0) {
+    NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppendInt32(buffer, 0));
+  }
+
+  if (buffer->capacity_bytes < sizeof(int32_t)) {
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  int32_t n_keys;
+  memcpy(&n_keys, buffer->data, sizeof(int32_t));
+
+  int32_t key_size = key->n_bytes;
+  int32_t value_size = value->n_bytes;
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferReserve(
+      buffer, sizeof(int32_t) + key_size + sizeof(int32_t) + value_size));
+
+  ArrowBufferAppendUnsafe(buffer, &key_size, sizeof(int32_t));
+  ArrowBufferAppendUnsafe(buffer, key->data, key_size);
+  ArrowBufferAppendUnsafe(buffer, &value_size, sizeof(int32_t));
+  ArrowBufferAppendUnsafe(buffer, value->data, value_size);
+
+  n_keys++;
+  memcpy(buffer->data, &n_keys, sizeof(int32_t));
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataBuilderSetInternal(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                      struct ArrowStringView* key,
+                                                      struct ArrowStringView* value) {
+  // Inspect the current value to see if we can avoid copying the buffer
+  struct ArrowStringView current_value = ArrowCharView(NULL);
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(
+      ArrowMetadataGetValueInternal((const char*)buffer->data, key, &current_value));
+
+  // The key should be removed but no key exists
+  if (value == NULL && current_value.data == NULL) {
+    return NANOARROW_OK;
+  }
+
+  // The key/value can be appended because no key exists
+  if (value != NULL && current_value.data == NULL) {
+    return ArrowMetadataBuilderAppendInternal(buffer, key, value);
+  }
+
+  struct ArrowMetadataReader reader;
+  struct ArrowStringView existing_key;
+  struct ArrowStringView existing_value;
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowMetadataReaderInit(&reader, (const char*)buffer->data));
+
+  struct ArrowBuffer new_buffer;
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowMetadataBuilderInit(&new_buffer, NULL));
+
+  while (reader.remaining_keys > 0) {
+    int result = ArrowMetadataReaderRead(&reader, &existing_key, &existing_value);
+    if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+      ArrowBufferReset(&new_buffer);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    if (key->n_bytes == existing_key.n_bytes &&
+        strncmp((const char*)key->data, (const char*)existing_key.data,
+                existing_key.n_bytes) == 0) {
+      result = ArrowMetadataBuilderAppendInternal(&new_buffer, key, value);
+      value = NULL;
+    } else {
+      result =
+          ArrowMetadataBuilderAppendInternal(&new_buffer, &existing_key, &existing_value);
+    }
+
+    if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+      ArrowBufferReset(&new_buffer);
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ArrowBufferReset(buffer);
+  ArrowBufferMove(&new_buffer, buffer);
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataBuilderAppend(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                          struct ArrowStringView key,
+                                          struct ArrowStringView value) {
+  return ArrowMetadataBuilderAppendInternal(buffer, &key, &value);
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataBuilderSet(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                       struct ArrowStringView key,
+                                       struct ArrowStringView value) {
+  return ArrowMetadataBuilderSetInternal(buffer, &key, &value);
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataBuilderRemove(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                          struct ArrowStringView key) {
+  return ArrowMetadataBuilderSetInternal(buffer, &key, NULL);
+}
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "nanoarrow.h"
+
+static void ArrowArrayRelease(struct ArrowArray* array) {
+  // Release buffers held by this array
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+  if (private_data != NULL) {
+    ArrowBitmapReset(&private_data->bitmap);
+    ArrowBufferReset(&private_data->buffers[0]);
+    ArrowBufferReset(&private_data->buffers[1]);
+    ArrowFree(private_data);
+  }
+
+  // This object owns the memory for all the children, but those
+  // children may have been generated elsewhere and might have
+  // their own release() callback.
+  if (array->children != NULL) {
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < array->n_children; i++) {
+      if (array->children[i] != NULL) {
+        if (array->children[i]->release != NULL) {
+          array->children[i]->release(array->children[i]);
+        }
+
+        ArrowFree(array->children[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    ArrowFree(array->children);
+  }
+
+  // This object owns the memory for the dictionary but it
+  // may have been generated somewhere else and have its own
+  // release() callback.
+  if (array->dictionary != NULL) {
+    if (array->dictionary->release != NULL) {
+      array->dictionary->release(array->dictionary);
+    }
+
+    ArrowFree(array->dictionary);
+  }
+
+  // Mark released
+  array->release = NULL;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArraySetStorageType(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                        enum ArrowType storage_type) {
+  switch (storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UNINITIALIZED:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_NA:
+      array->n_buffers = 0;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_LIST:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_STRUCT:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_MAP:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_SPARSE_UNION:
+      array->n_buffers = 1;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LIST:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_LIST:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BOOL:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT8:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT8:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT16:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT16:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_HALF_FLOAT:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FLOAT:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DECIMAL128:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DECIMAL256:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_MONTHS:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_DAY_TIME:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_MONTH_DAY_NANO:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_BINARY:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DENSE_UNION:
+      array->n_buffers = 2;
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_STRING:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_STRING:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BINARY:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_BINARY:
+      array->n_buffers = 3;
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      return EINVAL;
+
+      return NANOARROW_OK;
+  }
+
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+  private_data->storage_type = storage_type;
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayInit(struct ArrowArray* array, enum ArrowType storage_type) {
+  array->length = 0;
+  array->null_count = 0;
+  array->offset = 0;
+  array->n_buffers = 0;
+  array->n_children = 0;
+  array->buffers = NULL;
+  array->children = NULL;
+  array->dictionary = NULL;
+  array->release = &ArrowArrayRelease;
+  array->private_data = NULL;
+
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)ArrowMalloc(sizeof(struct ArrowArrayPrivateData));
+  if (private_data == NULL) {
+    array->release = NULL;
+    return ENOMEM;
+  }
+
+  ArrowBitmapInit(&private_data->bitmap);
+  ArrowBufferInit(&private_data->buffers[0]);
+  ArrowBufferInit(&private_data->buffers[1]);
+  private_data->buffer_data[0] = NULL;
+  private_data->buffer_data[1] = NULL;
+  private_data->buffer_data[2] = NULL;
+
+  array->private_data = private_data;
+  array->buffers = (const void**)(&private_data->buffer_data);
+
+  int result = ArrowArraySetStorageType(array, storage_type);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    array->release(array);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  ArrowLayoutInit(&private_data->layout, storage_type);
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayInitFromArrayView(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                                  struct ArrowArrayView* array_view,
+                                                  struct ArrowError* error) {
+  ArrowArrayInit(array, array_view->storage_type);
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+
+  int result = ArrowArrayAllocateChildren(array, array_view->n_children);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    array->release(array);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private_data->layout = array_view->layout;
+
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < array_view->n_children; i++) {
+    int result =
+        ArrowArrayInitFromArrayView(array->children[i], array_view->children[i], error);
+    if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+      array->release(array);
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayInitFromSchema(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                        struct ArrowSchema* schema,
+                                        struct ArrowError* error) {
+  struct ArrowArrayView array_view;
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowArrayViewInitFromSchema(&array_view, schema, error));
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowArrayInitFromArrayView(array, &array_view, error));
+  ArrowArrayViewReset(&array_view);
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayAllocateChildren(struct ArrowArray* array, int64_t n_children) {
+  if (array->children != NULL) {
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  if (n_children == 0) {
+    return NANOARROW_OK;
+  }
+
+  array->children =
+      (struct ArrowArray**)ArrowMalloc(n_children * sizeof(struct ArrowArray*));
+  if (array->children == NULL) {
+    return ENOMEM;
+  }
+
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < n_children; i++) {
+    array->children[i] = NULL;
+  }
+
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < n_children; i++) {
+    array->children[i] = (struct ArrowArray*)ArrowMalloc(sizeof(struct ArrowArray));
+    if (array->children[i] == NULL) {
+      return ENOMEM;
+    }
+    array->children[i]->release = NULL;
+  }
+
+  array->n_children = n_children;
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayAllocateDictionary(struct ArrowArray* array) {
+  if (array->dictionary != NULL) {
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  array->dictionary = (struct ArrowArray*)ArrowMalloc(sizeof(struct ArrowArray));
+  if (array->dictionary == NULL) {
+    return ENOMEM;
+  }
+
+  array->dictionary->release = NULL;
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+void ArrowArraySetValidityBitmap(struct ArrowArray* array, struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+  ArrowBufferMove(&bitmap->buffer, &private_data->bitmap.buffer);
+  private_data->bitmap.size_bits = bitmap->size_bits;
+  bitmap->size_bits = 0;
+  private_data->buffer_data[0] = private_data->bitmap.buffer.data;
+  array->null_count = -1;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArraySetBuffer(struct ArrowArray* array, int64_t i,
+                                   struct ArrowBuffer* buffer) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+
+  switch (i) {
+    case 0:
+      ArrowBufferMove(buffer, &private_data->bitmap.buffer);
+      private_data->buffer_data[i] = private_data->bitmap.buffer.data;
+      break;
+    case 1:
+    case 2:
+      ArrowBufferMove(buffer, &private_data->buffers[i - 1]);
+      private_data->buffer_data[i] = private_data->buffers[i - 1].data;
+      break;
+    default:
+      return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayViewInitFromArray(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view,
+                                                  struct ArrowArray* array) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+
+  ArrowArrayViewInit(array_view, private_data->storage_type);
+  array_view->layout = private_data->layout;
+  array_view->array = array;
+
+  int result = ArrowArrayViewAllocateChildren(array_view, array->n_children);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    ArrowArrayViewReset(array_view);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < array->n_children; i++) {
+    result = ArrowArrayViewInitFromArray(array_view->children[i], array->children[i]);
+    if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+      ArrowArrayViewReset(array_view);
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayReserveInternal(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                                struct ArrowArrayView* array_view) {
+  // Loop through buffers and reserve the extra space that we know about
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < array->n_buffers; i++) {
+    // Don't reserve on a validity buffer that hasn't been allocated yet
+    if (array_view->layout.buffer_type[i] == NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_VALIDITY &&
+        ArrowArrayBuffer(array, i)->data == NULL) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    int64_t additional_size_bytes =
+        array_view->buffer_views[i].n_bytes - ArrowArrayBuffer(array, i)->size_bytes;
+
+    if (additional_size_bytes > 0) {
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(
+          ArrowBufferReserve(ArrowArrayBuffer(array, i), additional_size_bytes));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Recursively reserve children
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < array->n_children; i++) {
+    NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(
+        ArrowArrayReserveInternal(array->children[i], array_view->children[i]));
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayReserve(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                 int64_t additional_size_elements) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+
+  struct ArrowArrayView array_view;
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowArrayViewInitFromArray(&array_view, array));
+
+  // Calculate theoretical buffer sizes (recursively)
+  ArrowArrayViewSetLength(&array_view, array->length + additional_size_elements);
+
+  // Walk the structure (recursively)
+  int result = ArrowArrayReserveInternal(array, &array_view);
+  ArrowArrayViewReset(&array_view);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static void ArrowArrayFlushInternalPointers(struct ArrowArray* array) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    private_data->buffer_data[i] = ArrowArrayBuffer(array, i)->data;
+  }
+
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < array->n_children; i++) {
+    ArrowArrayFlushInternalPointers(array->children[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+static ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayCheckInternalBufferSizes(
+    struct ArrowArray* array, struct ArrowArrayView* array_view,
+    char set_length, struct ArrowError* error) {
+  if (set_length) {
+    ArrowArrayViewSetLength(array_view, array->offset + array->length);
+  }
+
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < array->n_buffers; i++) {
+    if (array_view->layout.buffer_type[i] == NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_VALIDITY &&
+        array->null_count == 0 && array->buffers[i] == NULL) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    int64_t expected_size = array_view->buffer_views[i].n_bytes;
+    int64_t actual_size = ArrowArrayBuffer(array, i)->size_bytes;
+
+    if (actual_size < expected_size) {
+      ArrowErrorSet(
+          error,
+          "Expected buffer %d to size >= %ld bytes but found buffer with %ld bytes", i,
+          (long)expected_size, (long)actual_size);
+      return EINVAL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < array->n_children; i++) {
+    NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowArrayCheckInternalBufferSizes(
+        array->children[i], array_view->children[i], set_length, error));
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayFinishBuilding(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                        struct ArrowError* error) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+
+  // Make sure the value we get with array->buffers[i] is set to the actual
+  // pointer (which may have changed from the original due to reallocation)
+  ArrowArrayFlushInternalPointers(array);
+
+  // Check buffer sizes to make sure we are not sending an ArrowArray
+  // into the wild that is going to segfault
+  struct ArrowArrayView array_view;
+
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowArrayViewInitFromArray(&array_view, array));
+
+  // Check buffer sizes once without using internal buffer data since
+  // ArrowArrayViewSetArray() assumes that all the buffers are long enough
+  // and issues invalid reads on offset buffers if they are not
+  int result = ArrowArrayCheckInternalBufferSizes(array, &array_view, 1, error);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    ArrowArrayViewReset(&array_view);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  result = ArrowArrayViewSetArray(&array_view, array, error);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    ArrowArrayViewReset(&array_view);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  result = ArrowArrayCheckInternalBufferSizes(array, &array_view, 0, error);
+  ArrowArrayViewReset(&array_view);
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+void ArrowArrayViewInit(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view, enum ArrowType storage_type) {
+  memset(array_view, 0, sizeof(struct ArrowArrayView));
+  array_view->storage_type = storage_type;
+  ArrowLayoutInit(&array_view->layout, storage_type);
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayViewAllocateChildren(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view,
+                                              int64_t n_children) {
+  if (array_view->children != NULL) {
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  array_view->children =
+      (struct ArrowArrayView**)ArrowMalloc(n_children * sizeof(struct ArrowArrayView*));
+  if (array_view->children == NULL) {
+    return ENOMEM;
+  }
+
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < n_children; i++) {
+    array_view->children[i] = NULL;
+  }
+
+  array_view->n_children = n_children;
+
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < n_children; i++) {
+    array_view->children[i] =
+        (struct ArrowArrayView*)ArrowMalloc(sizeof(struct ArrowArrayView));
+    if (array_view->children[i] == NULL) {
+      return ENOMEM;
+    }
+    ArrowArrayViewInit(array_view->children[i], NANOARROW_TYPE_UNINITIALIZED);
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayViewInitFromSchema(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view,
+                                            struct ArrowSchema* schema,
+                                            struct ArrowError* error) {
+  struct ArrowSchemaView schema_view;
+  int result = ArrowSchemaViewInit(&schema_view, schema, error);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  ArrowArrayViewInit(array_view, schema_view.storage_data_type);
+  array_view->layout = schema_view.layout;
+
+  result = ArrowArrayViewAllocateChildren(array_view, schema->n_children);
+  if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+    ArrowArrayViewReset(array_view);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < schema->n_children; i++) {
+    result =
+        ArrowArrayViewInitFromSchema(array_view->children[i], schema->children[i], error);
+    if (result != NANOARROW_OK) {
+      ArrowArrayViewReset(array_view);
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+void ArrowArrayViewReset(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view) {
+  if (array_view->children != NULL) {
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < array_view->n_children; i++) {
+      if (array_view->children[i] != NULL) {
+        ArrowArrayViewReset(array_view->children[i]);
+        ArrowFree(array_view->children[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    ArrowFree(array_view->children);
+  }
+
+  ArrowArrayViewInit(array_view, NANOARROW_TYPE_UNINITIALIZED);
+}
+
+void ArrowArrayViewSetLength(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view, int64_t length) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    int64_t element_size_bytes = array_view->layout.element_size_bits[i] / 8;
+    array_view->buffer_views[i].data.data = NULL;
+
+    switch (array_view->layout.buffer_type[i]) {
+      case NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_VALIDITY:
+        array_view->buffer_views[i].n_bytes = _ArrowBytesForBits(length);
+        continue;
+      case NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA_OFFSET:
+        // Probably don't want/need to rely on the producer to have allocated an
+        // offsets buffer of length 1 for a zero-size array
+        array_view->buffer_views[i].n_bytes =
+            (length != 0) * element_size_bytes * (length + 1);
+        continue;
+      case NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA:
+        array_view->buffer_views[i].n_bytes =
+            _ArrowRoundUpToMultipleOf8(array_view->layout.element_size_bits[i] * length) /
+            8;
+        continue;
+      case NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_TYPE_ID:
+      case NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_UNION_OFFSET:
+        array_view->buffer_views[i].n_bytes = element_size_bytes * length;
+        continue;
+      case NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_NONE:
+        array_view->buffer_views[i].n_bytes = 0;
+        continue;
+    }
+  }
+
+  switch (array_view->storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_STRUCT:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_SPARSE_UNION:
+      for (int64_t i = 0; i < array_view->n_children; i++) {
+        ArrowArrayViewSetLength(array_view->children[i], length);
+      }
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_LIST:
+      if (array_view->n_children >= 1) {
+        ArrowArrayViewSetLength(array_view->children[0],
+                                length * array_view->layout.child_size_elements);
+      }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayViewSetArray(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view,
+                                      struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                      struct ArrowError* error) {
+  array_view->array = array;
+  ArrowArrayViewSetLength(array_view, array->offset + array->length);
+
+  int64_t buffers_required = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    if (array_view->layout.buffer_type[i] == NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_NONE) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    buffers_required++;
+
+    // If the null_count is 0, the validity buffer can be NULL
+    if (array_view->layout.buffer_type[i] == NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_VALIDITY &&
+        array->null_count == 0 && array->buffers[i] == NULL) {
+      array_view->buffer_views[i].n_bytes = 0;
+    }
+
+    array_view->buffer_views[i].data.data = array->buffers[i];
+  }
+
+  if (buffers_required != array->n_buffers) {
+    ArrowErrorSet(error, "Expected array with %d buffer(s) but found %d buffer(s)",
+                  (int)buffers_required, (int)array->n_buffers);
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  if (array_view->n_children != array->n_children) {
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  // Check child sizes and calculate sizes that depend on data in the array buffers
+  int64_t last_offset;
+  switch (array_view->storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_STRING:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BINARY:
+      if (array_view->buffer_views[1].n_bytes != 0) {
+        last_offset =
+            array_view->buffer_views[1].data.as_int32[array->offset + array->length];
+        array_view->buffer_views[2].n_bytes = last_offset;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_STRING:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_BINARY:
+      if (array_view->buffer_views[1].n_bytes != 0) {
+        last_offset =
+            array_view->buffer_views[1].data.as_int64[array->offset + array->length];
+        array_view->buffer_views[2].n_bytes = last_offset;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_STRUCT:
+      for (int64_t i = 0; i < array_view->n_children; i++) {
+        if (array->children[i]->length < (array->offset + array->length)) {
+          ArrowErrorSet(
+              error,
+              "Expected struct child %d to have length >= %ld but found child with "
+              "length %ld",
+              (int)(i + 1), (long)(array->offset + array->length),
+              (long)array->children[i]->length);
+          return EINVAL;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LIST:
+      if (array->n_children != 1) {
+        ArrowErrorSet(error,
+                      "Expected 1 child of list array but found %d child arrays",
+                      (int)array->n_children);
+        return EINVAL;
+      }
+
+      if (array_view->buffer_views[1].n_bytes != 0) {
+        last_offset =
+            array_view->buffer_views[1].data.as_int32[array->offset + array->length];
+        if (array->children[0]->length < last_offset) {
+          ArrowErrorSet(
+              error,
+              "Expected child of list array with length >= %ld but found array with "
+              "length %ld",
+              (long)last_offset, (long)array->children[0]->length);
+          return EINVAL;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_LIST:
+      if (array->n_children != 1) {
+        ArrowErrorSet(error,
+                      "Expected 1 child of large list array but found %d child arrays",
+                      (int)array->n_children);
+        return EINVAL;
+      }
+
+      if (array_view->buffer_views[1].n_bytes != 0) {
+        last_offset =
+            array_view->buffer_views[1].data.as_int64[array->offset + array->length];
+        if (array->children[0]->length < last_offset) {
+          ArrowErrorSet(
+              error,
+              "Expected child of large list array with length >= %ld but found array "
+              "with length %ld",
+              (long)last_offset, (long)array->children[0]->length);
+          return EINVAL;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_LIST:
+      if (array->n_children != 1) {
+        ArrowErrorSet(error,
+                      "Expected 1 child of fixed-size array but found %d child arrays",
+                      (int)array->n_children);
+        return EINVAL;
+      }
+
+      last_offset =
+          (array->offset + array->length) * array_view->layout.child_size_elements;
+      if (array->children[0]->length < last_offset) {
+        ArrowErrorSet(
+            error,
+            "Expected child of fixed-size list array with length >= %ld but found array "
+            "with length %ld",
+            (long)last_offset, (long)array->children[0]->length);
+        return EINVAL;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < array_view->n_children; i++) {
+    NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(
+        ArrowArrayViewSetArray(array_view->children[i], array->children[i], error));
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
diff --git a/dist/nanoarrow.h b/dist/nanoarrow.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85dd398
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dist/nanoarrow.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2207 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#ifndef NANOARROW_NANOARROW_TYPES_H_INCLUDED
+#define NANOARROW_NANOARROW_TYPES_H_INCLUDED
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/// \defgroup nanoarrow-inline-typedef Type definitions used in inlined implementations
+
+// Extra guard for versions of Arrow without the canonical guard
+#ifndef ARROW_FLAG_DICTIONARY_ORDERED
+
+#ifndef ARROW_C_DATA_INTERFACE
+#define ARROW_C_DATA_INTERFACE
+
+#define ARROW_FLAG_DICTIONARY_ORDERED 1
+#define ARROW_FLAG_NULLABLE 2
+#define ARROW_FLAG_MAP_KEYS_SORTED 4
+
+struct ArrowSchema {
+  // Array type description
+  const char* format;
+  const char* name;
+  const char* metadata;
+  int64_t flags;
+  int64_t n_children;
+  struct ArrowSchema** children;
+  struct ArrowSchema* dictionary;
+
+  // Release callback
+  void (*release)(struct ArrowSchema*);
+  // Opaque producer-specific data
+  void* private_data;
+};
+
+struct ArrowArray {
+  // Array data description
+  int64_t length;
+  int64_t null_count;
+  int64_t offset;
+  int64_t n_buffers;
+  int64_t n_children;
+  const void** buffers;
+  struct ArrowArray** children;
+  struct ArrowArray* dictionary;
+
+  // Release callback
+  void (*release)(struct ArrowArray*);
+  // Opaque producer-specific data
+  void* private_data;
+};
+
+#endif  // ARROW_C_DATA_INTERFACE
+
+#ifndef ARROW_C_STREAM_INTERFACE
+#define ARROW_C_STREAM_INTERFACE
+
+struct ArrowArrayStream {
+  // Callback to get the stream type
+  // (will be the same for all arrays in the stream).
+  //
+  // Return value: 0 if successful, an `errno`-compatible error code otherwise.
+  //
+  // If successful, the ArrowSchema must be released independently from the stream.
+  int (*get_schema)(struct ArrowArrayStream*, struct ArrowSchema* out);
+
+  // Callback to get the next array
+  // (if no error and the array is released, the stream has ended)
+  //
+  // Return value: 0 if successful, an `errno`-compatible error code otherwise.
+  //
+  // If successful, the ArrowArray must be released independently from the stream.
+  int (*get_next)(struct ArrowArrayStream*, struct ArrowArray* out);
+
+  // Callback to get optional detailed error information.
+  // This must only be called if the last stream operation failed
+  // with a non-0 return code.
+  //
+  // Return value: pointer to a null-terminated character array describing
+  // the last error, or NULL if no description is available.
+  //
+  // The returned pointer is only valid until the next operation on this stream
+  // (including release).
+  const char* (*get_last_error)(struct ArrowArrayStream*);
+
+  // Release callback: release the stream's own resources.
+  // Note that arrays returned by `get_next` must be individually released.
+  void (*release)(struct ArrowArrayStream*);
+
+  // Opaque producer-specific data
+  void* private_data;
+};
+
+#endif  // ARROW_C_STREAM_INTERFACE
+#endif  // ARROW_FLAG_DICTIONARY_ORDERED
+
+/// \brief Return code for success.
+#define NANOARROW_OK 0
+
+/// \brief Represents an errno-compatible error code
+typedef int ArrowErrorCode;
+
+/// \brief Arrow type enumerator
+///
+/// These names are intended to map to the corresponding arrow::Type::type
+/// enumerator; however, the numeric values are specifically not equal
+/// (i.e., do not rely on numeric comparison).
+enum ArrowType {
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_UNINITIALIZED = 0,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_NA = 1,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_BOOL,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT8,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_INT8,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT16,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_INT16,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT32,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT64,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_HALF_FLOAT,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_FLOAT,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_DOUBLE,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_STRING,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_BINARY,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_BINARY,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_DATE32,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_DATE64,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_TIMESTAMP,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_TIME32,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_TIME64,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_MONTHS,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_DAY_TIME,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_DECIMAL128,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_DECIMAL256,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_LIST,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_STRUCT,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_SPARSE_UNION,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_DENSE_UNION,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_DICTIONARY,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_MAP,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_EXTENSION,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_LIST,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_DURATION,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_STRING,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_BINARY,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_LIST,
+  NANOARROW_TYPE_INTERVAL_MONTH_DAY_NANO
+};
+
+/// \brief Functional types of buffers as described in the Arrow Columnar Specification
+enum ArrowBufferType {
+  NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_NONE,
+  NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_VALIDITY,
+  NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_TYPE_ID,
+  NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_UNION_OFFSET,
+  NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA_OFFSET,
+  NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA
+};
+
+#define _NANOARROW_CONCAT(x, y) x##y
+#define _NANOARROW_MAKE_NAME(x, y) _NANOARROW_CONCAT(x, y)
+
+#define _NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK_IMPL(NAME, EXPR) \
+  do {                                            \
+    const int NAME = (EXPR);                      \
+    if (NAME) return NAME;                        \
+  } while (0)
+
+#define NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(EXPR) \
+  _NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK_IMPL(_NANOARROW_MAKE_NAME(errno_status_, __COUNTER__), EXPR)
+
+#define _NANOARROW_CHECK_RANGE(x_, min_, max_) \
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK((x_ >= min_ && x_ <= max_) ? NANOARROW_OK : EINVAL)
+
+/// \brief A description of an arrangement of buffers
+///
+/// Contains the minimum amount of information required to
+/// calculate the size of each buffer in an ArrowArray knowing only
+/// the length and offset of the array.
+struct ArrowLayout {
+  /// \brief The function of each buffer
+  enum ArrowBufferType buffer_type[3];
+
+  /// \brief The size of an element each buffer or 0 if this size is variable or unknown
+  int64_t element_size_bits[3];
+
+  /// \brief The number of elements in the child array per element in this array for a
+  /// fixed-size list
+  int64_t child_size_elements;
+};
+
+/// \brief An non-owning view of a string
+struct ArrowStringView {
+  /// \brief A pointer to the start of the string
+  ///
+  /// If n_bytes is 0, this value may be NULL.
+  const char* data;
+
+  /// \brief The size of the string in bytes,
+  ///
+  /// (Not including the null terminator.)
+  int64_t n_bytes;
+};
+
+static inline struct ArrowStringView ArrowCharView(const char* value) {
+  struct ArrowStringView out;
+
+  out.data = value;
+  if (value) {
+    out.n_bytes = (int64_t)strlen(value);
+  } else {
+    out.n_bytes = 0;
+  }
+
+  return out;
+}
+
+/// \brief An non-owning view of a buffer
+struct ArrowBufferView {
+  /// \brief A pointer to the start of the buffer
+  ///
+  /// If n_bytes is 0, this value may be NULL.
+  union {
+    const void* data;
+    const int8_t* as_int8;
+    const uint8_t* as_uint8;
+    const int16_t* as_int16;
+    const uint16_t* as_uint16;
+    const int32_t* as_int32;
+    const uint32_t* as_uint32;
+    const int64_t* as_int64;
+    const uint64_t* as_uint64;
+    const double* as_double;
+    const float* as_float;
+    const char* as_char;
+  } data;
+
+  /// \brief The size of the buffer in bytes
+  int64_t n_bytes;
+};
+
+/// \brief Array buffer allocation and deallocation
+///
+/// Container for allocate, reallocate, and free methods that can be used
+/// to customize allocation and deallocation of buffers when constructing
+/// an ArrowArray.
+struct ArrowBufferAllocator {
+  /// \brief Reallocate a buffer or return NULL if it cannot be reallocated
+  uint8_t* (*reallocate)(struct ArrowBufferAllocator* allocator, uint8_t* ptr,
+                         int64_t old_size, int64_t new_size);
+
+  /// \brief Deallocate a buffer allocated by this allocator
+  void (*free)(struct ArrowBufferAllocator* allocator, uint8_t* ptr, int64_t size);
+
+  /// \brief Opaque data specific to the allocator
+  void* private_data;
+};
+
+/// \brief An owning mutable view of a buffer
+struct ArrowBuffer {
+  /// \brief A pointer to the start of the buffer
+  ///
+  /// If capacity_bytes is 0, this value may be NULL.
+  uint8_t* data;
+
+  /// \brief The size of the buffer in bytes
+  int64_t size_bytes;
+
+  /// \brief The capacity of the buffer in bytes
+  int64_t capacity_bytes;
+
+  /// \brief The allocator that will be used to reallocate and/or free the buffer
+  struct ArrowBufferAllocator allocator;
+};
+
+/// \brief An owning mutable view of a bitmap
+struct ArrowBitmap {
+  /// \brief An ArrowBuffer to hold the allocated memory
+  struct ArrowBuffer buffer;
+
+  /// \brief The number of bits that have been appended to the bitmap
+  int64_t size_bits;
+};
+
+// Used as the private data member for ArrowArrays allocated here and accessed
+// internally within inline ArrowArray* helpers.
+struct ArrowArrayPrivateData {
+  // Holder for the validity buffer (or first buffer for union types, which are
+  // the only type whose first buffer is not a valdiity buffer)
+  struct ArrowBitmap bitmap;
+
+  // Holder for additional buffers as required
+  struct ArrowBuffer buffers[2];
+
+  // The array of pointers to buffers. This must be updated after a sequence
+  // of appends to synchronize its values with the actual buffer addresses
+  // (which may have ben reallocated uring that time)
+  const void* buffer_data[3];
+
+  // The storage data type, or NANOARROW_TYPE_UNINITIALIZED if unknown
+  enum ArrowType storage_type;
+
+  // The buffer arrangement for the storage type
+  struct ArrowLayout layout;
+};
+
+struct ArrowArrayView {
+  struct ArrowArray* array;
+  enum ArrowType storage_type;
+  struct ArrowLayout layout;
+  struct ArrowBufferView buffer_views[3];
+  int64_t n_children;
+  struct ArrowArrayView** children;
+};
+
+/// }@
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#ifndef NANOARROW_BUILD_ID_H_INCLUDED
+#define NANOARROW_BUILD_ID_H_INCLUDED
+
+#define NANOARROW_BUILD_ID "gha720b663cf46ea2a251b7796cea421e9c6f04febf"
+
+#endif
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#ifndef NANOARROW_H_INCLUDED
+#define NANOARROW_H_INCLUDED
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/// \file Arrow C Implementation
+///
+/// EXPERIMENTAL. Interface subject to change.
+
+/// \page object-model Object Model
+///
+/// Except where noted, objects are not thread-safe and clients should
+/// take care to serialize accesses to methods.
+///
+/// Because this library is intended to be vendored, it provides full type
+/// definitions and encourages clients to stack or statically allocate
+/// where convenient.
+
+/// \defgroup nanoarrow-malloc Memory management
+///
+/// Non-buffer members of a struct ArrowSchema and struct ArrowArray
+/// must be allocated using ArrowMalloc() or ArrowRealloc() and freed
+/// using ArrowFree for schemas and arrays allocated here. Buffer members
+/// are allocated using an ArrowBufferAllocator.
+
+/// \brief Allocate like malloc()
+void* ArrowMalloc(int64_t size);
+
+/// \brief Reallocate like realloc()
+void* ArrowRealloc(void* ptr, int64_t size);
+
+/// \brief Free a pointer allocated using ArrowMalloc() or ArrowRealloc().
+void ArrowFree(void* ptr);
+
+/// \brief Return the default allocator
+///
+/// The default allocator uses ArrowMalloc(), ArrowRealloc(), and
+/// ArrowFree().
+struct ArrowBufferAllocator ArrowBufferAllocatorDefault();
+
+/// \brief Create a custom deallocator
+///
+/// Creates a buffer allocator with only a free method that can be used to
+/// attach a custom deallocator to an ArrowBuffer. This may be used to
+/// avoid copying an existing buffer that was not allocated using the
+/// infrastructure provided here (e.g., by an R or Python object).
+struct ArrowBufferAllocator ArrowBufferDeallocator(
+    void (*custom_free)(struct ArrowBufferAllocator* allocator, uint8_t* ptr,
+                        int64_t size),
+    void* private_data);
+
+/// }@
+
+/// \defgroup nanoarrow-errors Error handling primitives
+/// Functions generally return an errno-compatible error code; functions that
+/// need to communicate more verbose error information accept a pointer
+/// to an ArrowError. This can be stack or statically allocated. The
+/// content of the message is undefined unless an error code has been
+/// returned.
+
+/// \brief Error type containing a UTF-8 encoded message.
+struct ArrowError {
+  char message[1024];
+};
+
+/// \brief Set the contents of an error using printf syntax
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowErrorSet(struct ArrowError* error, const char* fmt, ...);
+
+/// \brief Get the contents of an error
+const char* ArrowErrorMessage(struct ArrowError* error);
+
+/// }@
+
+/// \defgroup nanoarrow-utils Utility data structures
+
+/// \brief Return the build id against which the library was compiled
+const char* ArrowNanoarrowBuildId();
+
+/// \brief Initialize a description of buffer arrangements from a storage type
+void ArrowLayoutInit(struct ArrowLayout* layout, enum ArrowType storage_type);
+
+/// \brief Create a string view from a null-terminated string
+static inline struct ArrowStringView ArrowCharView(const char* value);
+
+/// \brief Arrow time unit enumerator
+///
+/// These names and values map to the corresponding arrow::TimeUnit::type
+/// enumerator.
+enum ArrowTimeUnit {
+  NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_SECOND = 0,
+  NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_MILLI = 1,
+  NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_MICRO = 2,
+  NANOARROW_TIME_UNIT_NANO = 3
+};
+
+/// }@
+
+/// \defgroup nanoarrow-schema Schema producer helpers
+/// These functions allocate, copy, and destroy ArrowSchema structures
+
+/// \brief Initialize the fields of a schema
+///
+/// Initializes the fields and release callback of schema_out. Caller
+/// is responsible for calling the schema->release callback if
+/// NANOARROW_OK is returned.
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaInit(struct ArrowSchema* schema, enum ArrowType type);
+
+/// \brief Initialize the fields of a fixed-size schema
+///
+/// Returns EINVAL for fixed_size <= 0 or for data_type that is not
+/// NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_BINARY or NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_LIST.
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaInitFixedSize(struct ArrowSchema* schema,
+                                        enum ArrowType data_type, int32_t fixed_size);
+
+/// \brief Initialize the fields of a decimal schema
+///
+/// Returns EINVAL for scale <= 0 or for data_type that is not
+/// NANOARROW_TYPE_DECIMAL128 or NANOARROW_TYPE_DECIMAL256.
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaInitDecimal(struct ArrowSchema* schema,
+                                      enum ArrowType data_type, int32_t decimal_precision,
+                                      int32_t decimal_scale);
+
+/// \brief Initialize the fields of a time, timestamp, or duration schema
+///
+/// Returns EINVAL for data_type that is not
+/// NANOARROW_TYPE_TIME32, NANOARROW_TYPE_TIME64,
+/// NANOARROW_TYPE_TIMESTAMP, or NANOARROW_TYPE_DURATION. The
+/// timezone parameter must be NULL for a non-timestamp data_type.
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaInitDateTime(struct ArrowSchema* schema,
+                                       enum ArrowType data_type,
+                                       enum ArrowTimeUnit time_unit,
+                                       const char* timezone);
+
+/// \brief Make a (recursive) copy of a schema
+///
+/// Allocates and copies fields of schema into schema_out.
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaDeepCopy(struct ArrowSchema* schema,
+                                   struct ArrowSchema* schema_out);
+
+/// \brief Copy format into schema->format
+///
+/// schema must have been allocated using ArrowSchemaInit or
+/// ArrowSchemaDeepCopy.
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaSetFormat(struct ArrowSchema* schema, const char* format);
+
+/// \brief Copy name into schema->name
+///
+/// schema must have been allocated using ArrowSchemaInit or
+/// ArrowSchemaDeepCopy.
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaSetName(struct ArrowSchema* schema, const char* name);
+
+/// \brief Copy metadata into schema->metadata
+///
+/// schema must have been allocated using ArrowSchemaInit or
+/// ArrowSchemaDeepCopy.
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaSetMetadata(struct ArrowSchema* schema, const char* metadata);
+
+/// \brief Allocate the schema->children array
+///
+/// Includes the memory for each child struct ArrowSchema.
+/// schema must have been allocated using ArrowSchemaInit or
+/// ArrowSchemaDeepCopy.
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaAllocateChildren(struct ArrowSchema* schema,
+                                           int64_t n_children);
+
+/// \brief Allocate the schema->dictionary member
+///
+/// schema must have been allocated using ArrowSchemaInit or
+/// ArrowSchemaDeepCopy.
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaAllocateDictionary(struct ArrowSchema* schema);
+
+/// \brief Reader for key/value pairs in schema metadata
+struct ArrowMetadataReader {
+  const char* metadata;
+  int64_t offset;
+  int32_t remaining_keys;
+};
+
+/// \brief Initialize an ArrowMetadataReader
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataReaderInit(struct ArrowMetadataReader* reader,
+                                       const char* metadata);
+
+/// \brief Read the next key/value pair from an ArrowMetadataReader
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataReaderRead(struct ArrowMetadataReader* reader,
+                                       struct ArrowStringView* key_out,
+                                       struct ArrowStringView* value_out);
+
+/// \brief The number of bytes in in a key/value metadata string
+int64_t ArrowMetadataSizeOf(const char* metadata);
+
+/// \brief Check for a key in schema metadata
+char ArrowMetadataHasKey(const char* metadata, struct ArrowStringView key);
+
+/// \brief Extract a value from schema metadata
+///
+/// If key does not exist in metadata, value_out is unmodified
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataGetValue(const char* metadata, struct ArrowStringView key,
+                                     struct ArrowStringView* value_out);
+
+/// \brief Initialize a builder for schema metadata from key/value pairs
+///
+/// metadata can be an existing metadata string or NULL to initialize
+/// an empty metadata string.
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataBuilderInit(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer, const char* metadata);
+
+/// \brief Append a key/value pair to a buffer containing serialized metadata
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataBuilderAppend(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                          struct ArrowStringView key,
+                                          struct ArrowStringView value);
+
+/// \brief Set a key/value pair to a buffer containing serialized metadata
+///
+/// Ensures that the only entry for key in the metadata is set to value.
+/// This function maintains the existing position of (the first instance of)
+/// key if present in the data.
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataBuilderSet(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                       struct ArrowStringView key,
+                                       struct ArrowStringView value);
+
+/// \brief Remove a key from a buffer containing serialized metadata
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowMetadataBuilderRemove(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                          struct ArrowStringView key);
+
+/// }@
+
+/// \defgroup nanoarrow-schema-view Schema consumer helpers
+
+/// \brief A non-owning view of a parsed ArrowSchema
+///
+/// Contains more readily extractable values than a raw ArrowSchema.
+/// Clients can stack or statically allocate this structure but are
+/// encouraged to use the provided getters to ensure forward
+/// compatiblity.
+struct ArrowSchemaView {
+  /// \brief A pointer to the schema represented by this view
+  struct ArrowSchema* schema;
+
+  /// \brief The data type represented by the schema
+  ///
+  /// This value may be NANOARROW_TYPE_DICTIONARY if the schema has a
+  /// non-null dictionary member; datetime types are valid values.
+  /// This value will never be NANOARROW_TYPE_EXTENSION (see
+  /// extension_name and/or extension_metadata to check for
+  /// an extension type).
+  enum ArrowType data_type;
+
+  /// \brief The storage data type represented by the schema
+  ///
+  /// This value will never be NANOARROW_TYPE_DICTIONARY, NANOARROW_TYPE_EXTENSION
+  /// or any datetime type. This value represents only the type required to
+  /// interpret the buffers in the array.
+  enum ArrowType storage_data_type;
+
+  /// \brief The storage layout represented by the schema
+  struct ArrowLayout layout;
+
+  /// \brief The extension type name if it exists
+  ///
+  /// If the ARROW:extension:name key is present in schema.metadata,
+  /// extension_name.data will be non-NULL.
+  struct ArrowStringView extension_name;
+
+  /// \brief The extension type metadata if it exists
+  ///
+  /// If the ARROW:extension:metadata key is present in schema.metadata,
+  /// extension_metadata.data will be non-NULL.
+  struct ArrowStringView extension_metadata;
+
+  /// \brief Format fixed size parameter
+  ///
+  /// This value is set when parsing a fixed-size binary or fixed-size
+  /// list schema; this value is undefined for other types. For a
+  /// fixed-size binary schema this value is in bytes; for a fixed-size
+  /// list schema this value refers to the number of child elements for
+  /// each element of the parent.
+  int32_t fixed_size;
+
+  /// \brief Decimal bitwidth
+  ///
+  /// This value is set when parsing a decimal type schema;
+  /// this value is undefined for other types.
+  int32_t decimal_bitwidth;
+
+  /// \brief Decimal precision
+  ///
+  /// This value is set when parsing a decimal type schema;
+  /// this value is undefined for other types.
+  int32_t decimal_precision;
+
+  /// \brief Decimal scale
+  ///
+  /// This value is set when parsing a decimal type schema;
+  /// this value is undefined for other types.
+  int32_t decimal_scale;
+
+  /// \brief Format time unit parameter
+  ///
+  /// This value is set when parsing a date/time type. The value is
+  /// undefined for other types.
+  enum ArrowTimeUnit time_unit;
+
+  /// \brief Format timezone parameter
+  ///
+  /// This value is set when parsing a timestamp type and represents
+  /// the timezone format parameter. The ArrowStrintgView points to
+  /// data within the schema and the value is undefined for other types.
+  struct ArrowStringView timezone;
+
+  /// \brief Union type ids parameter
+  ///
+  /// This value is set when parsing a union type and represents
+  /// type ids parameter. The ArrowStringView points to
+  /// data within the schema and the value is undefined for other types.
+  struct ArrowStringView union_type_ids;
+};
+
+/// \brief Initialize an ArrowSchemaView
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowSchemaViewInit(struct ArrowSchemaView* schema_view,
+                                   struct ArrowSchema* schema, struct ArrowError* error);
+
+/// }@
+
+/// \defgroup nanoarrow-buffer Owning, growable buffers
+
+/// \brief Initialize an ArrowBuffer
+///
+/// Initialize a buffer with a NULL, zero-size buffer using the default
+/// buffer allocator.
+static inline void ArrowBufferInit(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer);
+
+/// \brief Set a newly-initialized buffer's allocator
+///
+/// Returns EINVAL if the buffer has already been allocated.
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferSetAllocator(
+    struct ArrowBuffer* buffer, struct ArrowBufferAllocator allocator);
+
+/// \brief Reset an ArrowBuffer
+///
+/// Releases the buffer using the allocator's free method if
+/// the buffer's data member is non-null, sets the data member
+/// to NULL, and sets the buffer's size and capacity to 0.
+static inline void ArrowBufferReset(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer);
+
+/// \brief Move an ArrowBuffer
+///
+/// Transfers the buffer data and lifecycle management to another
+/// address and resets buffer.
+static inline void ArrowBufferMove(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                   struct ArrowBuffer* buffer_out);
+
+/// \brief Grow or shrink a buffer to a given capacity
+///
+/// When shrinking the capacity of the buffer, the buffer is only reallocated
+/// if shrink_to_fit is non-zero. Calling ArrowBufferResize() does not
+/// adjust the buffer's size member except to ensure that the invariant
+/// capacity >= size remains true.
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferResize(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                               int64_t new_capacity_bytes,
+                                               char shrink_to_fit);
+
+/// \brief Ensure a buffer has at least a given additional capacity
+///
+/// Ensures that the buffer has space to append at least
+/// additional_size_bytes, overallocating when required.
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferReserve(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                int64_t additional_size_bytes);
+
+/// \brief Write data to buffer and increment the buffer size
+///
+/// This function does not check that buffer has the required capacity
+static inline void ArrowBufferAppendUnsafe(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer, const void* data,
+                                           int64_t size_bytes);
+
+/// \brief Write data to buffer and increment the buffer size
+///
+/// This function writes and ensures that the buffer has the required capacity,
+/// possibly by reallocating the buffer. Like ArrowBufferReserve, this will
+/// overallocate when reallocation is required.
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppend(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                               const void* data, int64_t size_bytes);
+
+/// \brief Write fill to buffer and increment the buffer size
+///
+/// This function writes the specified number of fill bytes and
+/// ensures that the buffer has the required capacity,
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendFill(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                   uint8_t value, int64_t size_bytes);
+
+/// \brief Write an 8-bit integer to a buffer
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendInt8(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                   int8_t value);
+
+/// \brief Write an unsigned 8-bit integer to a buffer
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendUInt8(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                    uint8_t value);
+
+/// \brief Write a 16-bit integer to a buffer
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendInt16(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                    int16_t value);
+
+/// \brief Write an unsigned 16-bit integer to a buffer
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendUInt16(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                     uint16_t value);
+
+/// \brief Write a 32-bit integer to a buffer
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendInt32(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                    int32_t value);
+
+/// \brief Write an unsigned 32-bit integer to a buffer
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendUInt32(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                     uint32_t value);
+
+/// \brief Write a 64-bit integer to a buffer
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendInt64(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                    int64_t value);
+
+/// \brief Write an unsigned 64-bit integer to a buffer
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendUInt64(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                     uint64_t value);
+
+/// \brief Write a double to a buffer
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendDouble(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                     double value);
+
+/// \brief Write a float to a buffer
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendFloat(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                    float value);
+
+/// }@
+
+/// \defgroup nanoarrow-bitmap Bitmap utilities
+
+/// \brief Extract a boolean value from a bitmap
+static inline int8_t ArrowBitGet(const uint8_t* bits, int64_t i);
+
+/// \brief Set a boolean value to a bitmap to true
+static inline void ArrowBitSet(uint8_t* bits, int64_t i);
+
+/// \brief Set a boolean value to a bitmap to false
+static inline void ArrowBitClear(uint8_t* bits, int64_t i);
+
+/// \brief Set a boolean value to a bitmap
+static inline void ArrowBitSetTo(uint8_t* bits, int64_t i, uint8_t value);
+
+/// \brief Set a boolean value to a range in a bitmap
+static inline void ArrowBitsSetTo(uint8_t* bits, int64_t start_offset, int64_t length,
+                                  uint8_t bits_are_set);
+
+/// \brief Count true values in a bitmap
+static inline int64_t ArrowBitCountSet(const uint8_t* bits, int64_t i_from, int64_t i_to);
+
+/// \brief Initialize an ArrowBitmap
+///
+/// Initialize the builder's buffer, empty its cache, and reset the size to zero
+static inline void ArrowBitmapInit(struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap);
+
+/// \brief Ensure a bitmap builder has at least a given additional capacity
+///
+/// Ensures that the buffer has space to append at least
+/// additional_size_bits, overallocating when required.
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBitmapReserve(struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap,
+                                                int64_t additional_size_bits);
+
+/// \brief Grow or shrink a bitmap to a given capacity
+///
+/// When shrinking the capacity of the bitmap, the bitmap is only reallocated
+/// if shrink_to_fit is non-zero. Calling ArrowBitmapResize() does not
+/// adjust the buffer's size member except when shrinking new_capacity_bits
+/// to a value less than the current number of bits in the bitmap.
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBitmapResize(struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap,
+                                               int64_t new_capacity_bits,
+                                               char shrink_to_fit);
+
+/// \brief Reserve space for and append zero or more of the same boolean value to a bitmap
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBitmapAppend(struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap,
+                                               uint8_t bits_are_set, int64_t length);
+
+/// \brief Append zero or more of the same boolean value to a bitmap
+static inline void ArrowBitmapAppendUnsafe(struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap,
+                                           uint8_t bits_are_set, int64_t length);
+
+/// \brief Append boolean values encoded as int8_t to a bitmap
+///
+/// The values must all be 0 or 1.
+static inline void ArrowBitmapAppendInt8Unsafe(struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap,
+                                               const int8_t* values, int64_t n_values);
+
+/// \brief Append boolean values encoded as int32_t to a bitmap
+///
+/// The values must all be 0 or 1.
+static inline void ArrowBitmapAppendInt32Unsafe(struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap,
+                                                const int32_t* values, int64_t n_values);
+
+/// \brief Reset a bitmap builder
+///
+/// Releases any memory held by buffer, empties the cache, and resets the size to zero
+static inline void ArrowBitmapReset(struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap);
+
+/// }@
+
+/// \defgroup nanoarrow-array Array producer helpers
+/// These functions allocate, copy, and destroy ArrowArray structures
+
+/// \brief Initialize the fields of an array
+///
+/// Initializes the fields and release callback of array. Caller
+/// is responsible for calling the array->release callback if
+/// NANOARROW_OK is returned.
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayInit(struct ArrowArray* array, enum ArrowType storage_type);
+
+/// \brief Initialize the contents of an ArrowArray from an ArrowSchema
+///
+/// Caller is responsible for calling the array->release callback if
+/// NANOARROW_OK is returned.
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayInitFromSchema(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                        struct ArrowSchema* schema,
+                                        struct ArrowError* error);
+
+/// \brief Allocate the array->children array
+///
+/// Includes the memory for each child struct ArrowArray,
+/// whose members are marked as released and may be subsequently initialized
+/// with ArrowArrayInit or moved from an existing ArrowArray.
+/// schema must have been allocated using ArrowArrayInit.
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayAllocateChildren(struct ArrowArray* array, int64_t n_children);
+
+/// \brief Allocate the array->dictionary member
+///
+/// Includes the memory for the struct ArrowArray, whose contents
+/// is marked as released and may be subsequently initialized
+/// with ArrowArrayInit or moved from an existing ArrowArray.
+/// array must have been allocated using ArrowArrayInit
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayAllocateDictionary(struct ArrowArray* array);
+
+/// \brief Set the validity bitmap of an ArrowArray
+///
+/// array must have been allocated using ArrowArrayInit
+void ArrowArraySetValidityBitmap(struct ArrowArray* array, struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap);
+
+/// \brief Set a buffer of an ArrowArray
+///
+/// array must have been allocated using ArrowArrayInit
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArraySetBuffer(struct ArrowArray* array, int64_t i,
+                                   struct ArrowBuffer* buffer);
+
+/// \brief Get the validity bitmap of an ArrowArray
+///
+/// array must have been allocated using ArrowArrayInit
+static inline struct ArrowBitmap* ArrowArrayValidityBitmap(struct ArrowArray* array);
+
+/// \brief Get a buffer of an ArrowArray
+///
+/// array must have been allocated using ArrowArrayInit
+static inline struct ArrowBuffer* ArrowArrayBuffer(struct ArrowArray* array, int64_t i);
+
+/// \brief Start element-wise appending to an ArrowArray
+///
+/// Initializes any values needed to use ArrowArrayAppend*() functions.
+/// All element-wise appenders append by value and return EINVAL if the exact value
+/// cannot be represented by the underlying storage type.
+/// array must have been allocated using ArrowArrayInit
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayStartAppending(struct ArrowArray* array);
+
+/// \brief Reserve space for future appends
+///
+/// For buffer sizes that can be calculated (i.e., not string data buffers or
+/// child array sizes for non-fixed-size arrays), recursively reserve space for
+/// additional elements. This is useful for reducing the number of reallocations
+/// that occur using the item-wise appenders.
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayReserve(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                 int64_t additional_size_elements);
+
+/// \brief Append a null value to an array
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayAppendNull(struct ArrowArray* array, int64_t n);
+
+/// \brief Append a signed integer value to an array
+///
+/// Returns NANOARROW_OK if value can be exactly represented by
+/// the underlying storage type or EINVAL otherwise (e.g., value
+/// is outside the valid array range).
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayAppendInt(struct ArrowArray* array, int64_t value);
+
+/// \brief Append an unsigned integer value to an array
+///
+/// Returns NANOARROW_OK if value can be exactly represented by
+/// the underlying storage type or EINVAL otherwise (e.g., value
+/// is outside the valid array range).
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayAppendUInt(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                                  uint64_t value);
+
+/// \brief Append a double value to an array
+///
+/// Returns NANOARROW_OK if value can be exactly represented by
+/// the underlying storage type or EINVAL otherwise (e.g., value
+/// is outside the valid array range or there is an attempt to append
+/// a non-integer to an array with an integer storage type).
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayAppendDouble(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                                    double value);
+
+/// \brief Append a string of bytes to an array
+///
+/// Returns NANOARROW_OK if value can be exactly represented by
+/// the underlying storage type or EINVAL otherwise (e.g.,
+/// the underlying array is not a binary, string, large binary, large string,
+/// or fixed-size binary array, or value is the wrong size for a fixed-size
+/// binary array).
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayAppendBytes(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                                   struct ArrowBufferView value);
+
+/// \brief Append a string value to an array
+/// Returns NANOARROW_OK if value can be exactly represented by
+/// the underlying storage type or EINVAL otherwise (e.g.,
+/// the underlying array is not a string or large string array).
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayAppendString(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                                    struct ArrowStringView value);
+
+/// \brief Finish a nested array element
+///
+/// Appends a non-null element to the array based on the first child's current
+/// length. Returns NANOARROW_OK if the item was successfully added or EINVAL
+/// if the underlying storage type is not a struct, list, large list, or fixed-size
+/// list, or if there was an attempt to add a struct or fixed-size list element where the
+/// length of the child array(s) did not match the expected length.
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayFinishElement(struct ArrowArray* array);
+
+/// \brief Shrink buffer capacity to the size required
+///
+/// Also applies shrinking to any child arrays. array must have been allocated using
+/// ArrowArrayInit
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayShrinkToFit(struct ArrowArray* array);
+
+/// \brief Finish building an ArrowArray
+///
+/// Flushes any pointers from internal buffers that may have been reallocated
+/// into the array->buffers array and checks the actual size of the buffers
+/// against the expected size based on the final length.
+/// array must have been allocated using ArrowArrayInit
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayFinishBuilding(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                        struct ArrowError* error);
+
+/// }@
+
+/// \defgroup nanoarrow-array Array consumer helpers
+/// These functions read and validate the contents ArrowArray structures
+
+/// \brief Initialize the contents of an ArrowArrayView
+void ArrowArrayViewInit(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view, enum ArrowType storage_type);
+
+/// \brief Initialize the contents of an ArrowArrayView from an ArrowSchema
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayViewInitFromSchema(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view,
+                                            struct ArrowSchema* schema,
+                                            struct ArrowError* error);
+
+/// \brief Allocate the schema_view->children array
+///
+/// Includes the memory for each child struct ArrowArrayView
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayViewAllocateChildren(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view,
+                                              int64_t n_children);
+
+/// \brief Set data-independent buffer sizes from length
+void ArrowArrayViewSetLength(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view, int64_t length);
+
+/// \brief Set buffer sizes and data pointers from an ArrowArray
+ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayViewSetArray(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view,
+                                      struct ArrowArray* array, struct ArrowError* error);
+
+/// \brief Reset the contents of an ArrowArrayView and frees resources
+void ArrowArrayViewReset(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view);
+
+/// \brief Check for a null element in an ArrowArrayView
+static inline int8_t ArrowArrayViewIsNull(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view, int64_t i);
+
+/// \brief Get an element in an ArrowArrayView as an integer
+///
+/// This function does not check for null values, that values are actually integers, or
+/// that values are within a valid range for an int64.
+static inline int64_t ArrowArrayViewGetIntUnsafe(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view,
+                                                 int64_t i);
+
+/// \brief Get an element in an ArrowArrayView as an unsigned integer
+///
+/// This function does not check for null values, that values are actually integers, or
+/// that values are within a valid range for a uint64.
+static inline uint64_t ArrowArrayViewGetUIntUnsafe(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view,
+                                                   int64_t i);
+
+/// \brief Get an element in an ArrowArrayView as a double
+///
+/// This function does not check for null values, or
+/// that values are within a valid range for a double.
+static inline double ArrowArrayViewGetDoubleUnsafe(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view,
+                                                   int64_t i);
+
+/// \brief Get an element in an ArrowArrayView as an ArrowStringView
+///
+/// This function does not check for null values.
+static inline struct ArrowStringView ArrowArrayViewGetStringUnsafe(
+    struct ArrowArrayView* array_view, int64_t i);
+
+/// \brief Get an element in an ArrowArrayView as an ArrowBufferView
+///
+/// This function does not check for null values.
+static inline struct ArrowBufferView ArrowArrayViewGetBytesUnsafe(
+    struct ArrowArrayView* array_view, int64_t i);
+
+/// }@
+
+// Inline function definitions
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#ifndef NANOARROW_BUFFER_INLINE_H_INCLUDED
+#define NANOARROW_BUFFER_INLINE_H_INCLUDED
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+static inline int64_t _ArrowGrowByFactor(int64_t current_capacity, int64_t new_capacity) {
+  int64_t doubled_capacity = current_capacity * 2;
+  if (doubled_capacity > new_capacity) {
+    return doubled_capacity;
+  } else {
+    return new_capacity;
+  }
+}
+
+static inline void ArrowBufferInit(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer) {
+  buffer->data = NULL;
+  buffer->size_bytes = 0;
+  buffer->capacity_bytes = 0;
+  buffer->allocator = ArrowBufferAllocatorDefault();
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferSetAllocator(
+    struct ArrowBuffer* buffer, struct ArrowBufferAllocator allocator) {
+  if (buffer->data == NULL) {
+    buffer->allocator = allocator;
+    return NANOARROW_OK;
+  } else {
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+}
+
+static inline void ArrowBufferReset(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer) {
+  if (buffer->data != NULL) {
+    buffer->allocator.free(&buffer->allocator, (uint8_t*)buffer->data,
+                           buffer->capacity_bytes);
+    buffer->data = NULL;
+  }
+
+  buffer->capacity_bytes = 0;
+  buffer->size_bytes = 0;
+}
+
+static inline void ArrowBufferMove(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                   struct ArrowBuffer* buffer_out) {
+  memcpy(buffer_out, buffer, sizeof(struct ArrowBuffer));
+  buffer->data = NULL;
+  ArrowBufferReset(buffer);
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferResize(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                               int64_t new_capacity_bytes,
+                                               char shrink_to_fit) {
+  if (new_capacity_bytes < 0) {
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  if (new_capacity_bytes > buffer->capacity_bytes || shrink_to_fit) {
+    buffer->data = buffer->allocator.reallocate(
+        &buffer->allocator, buffer->data, buffer->capacity_bytes, new_capacity_bytes);
+    if (buffer->data == NULL && new_capacity_bytes > 0) {
+      buffer->capacity_bytes = 0;
+      buffer->size_bytes = 0;
+      return ENOMEM;
+    }
+
+    buffer->capacity_bytes = new_capacity_bytes;
+  }
+
+  // Ensures that when shrinking that size <= capacity
+  if (new_capacity_bytes < buffer->size_bytes) {
+    buffer->size_bytes = new_capacity_bytes;
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferReserve(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                int64_t additional_size_bytes) {
+  int64_t min_capacity_bytes = buffer->size_bytes + additional_size_bytes;
+  if (min_capacity_bytes <= buffer->capacity_bytes) {
+    return NANOARROW_OK;
+  }
+
+  return ArrowBufferResize(
+      buffer, _ArrowGrowByFactor(buffer->capacity_bytes, min_capacity_bytes), 0);
+}
+
+static inline void ArrowBufferAppendUnsafe(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer, const void* data,
+                                           int64_t size_bytes) {
+  if (size_bytes > 0) {
+    memcpy(buffer->data + buffer->size_bytes, data, size_bytes);
+    buffer->size_bytes += size_bytes;
+  }
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppend(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                               const void* data, int64_t size_bytes) {
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferReserve(buffer, size_bytes));
+
+  ArrowBufferAppendUnsafe(buffer, data, size_bytes);
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendInt8(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                   int8_t value) {
+  return ArrowBufferAppend(buffer, &value, sizeof(int8_t));
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendUInt8(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                    uint8_t value) {
+  return ArrowBufferAppend(buffer, &value, sizeof(uint8_t));
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendInt16(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                    int16_t value) {
+  return ArrowBufferAppend(buffer, &value, sizeof(int16_t));
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendUInt16(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                     uint16_t value) {
+  return ArrowBufferAppend(buffer, &value, sizeof(uint16_t));
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendInt32(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                    int32_t value) {
+  return ArrowBufferAppend(buffer, &value, sizeof(int32_t));
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendUInt32(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                     uint32_t value) {
+  return ArrowBufferAppend(buffer, &value, sizeof(uint32_t));
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendInt64(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                    int64_t value) {
+  return ArrowBufferAppend(buffer, &value, sizeof(int64_t));
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendUInt64(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                     uint64_t value) {
+  return ArrowBufferAppend(buffer, &value, sizeof(uint64_t));
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendDouble(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                     double value) {
+  return ArrowBufferAppend(buffer, &value, sizeof(double));
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendFloat(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                    float value) {
+  return ArrowBufferAppend(buffer, &value, sizeof(float));
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBufferAppendFill(struct ArrowBuffer* buffer,
+                                                   uint8_t value, int64_t size_bytes) {
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferReserve(buffer, size_bytes));
+
+  memset(buffer->data + buffer->size_bytes, value, size_bytes);
+  buffer->size_bytes += size_bytes;
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static const uint8_t _ArrowkBitmask[] = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128};
+static const uint8_t _ArrowkFlippedBitmask[] = {254, 253, 251, 247, 239, 223, 191, 127};
+static const uint8_t _ArrowkPrecedingBitmask[] = {0, 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127};
+static const uint8_t _ArrowkTrailingBitmask[] = {255, 254, 252, 248, 240, 224, 192, 128};
+
+static const uint8_t _ArrowkBytePopcount[] = {
+    0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3,
+    4, 4, 5, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4,
+    4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4,
+    5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 3, 4, 4, 5,
+    4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 7, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 2,
+    3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5,
+    5, 6, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 7, 2, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, 4,
+    5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 7, 3, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 5, 6,
+    4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 7, 4, 5, 5, 6, 5, 6, 6, 7, 5, 6, 6, 7, 6, 7, 7, 8};
+
+static inline int64_t _ArrowRoundUpToMultipleOf8(int64_t value) {
+  return (value + 7) & ~((int64_t)7);
+}
+
+static inline int64_t _ArrowRoundDownToMultipleOf8(int64_t value) {
+  return (value / 8) * 8;
+}
+
+static inline int64_t _ArrowBytesForBits(int64_t bits) {
+  return (bits >> 3) + ((bits & 7) != 0);
+}
+
+static inline void _ArrowBitmapPackInt8(const int8_t* values, uint8_t* out) {
+  *out = (values[0] | values[1] << 1 | values[2] << 2 | values[3] << 3 | values[4] << 4 |
+          values[5] << 5 | values[6] << 6 | values[7] << 7);
+}
+
+static inline void _ArrowBitmapPackInt32(const int32_t* values, uint8_t* out) {
+  *out = (values[0] | values[1] << 1 | values[2] << 2 | values[3] << 3 | values[4] << 4 |
+          values[5] << 5 | values[6] << 6 | values[7] << 7);
+}
+
+static inline int8_t ArrowBitGet(const uint8_t* bits, int64_t i) {
+  return (bits[i >> 3] >> (i & 0x07)) & 1;
+}
+
+static inline void ArrowBitSet(uint8_t* bits, int64_t i) {
+  bits[i / 8] |= _ArrowkBitmask[i % 8];
+}
+
+static inline void ArrowBitClear(uint8_t* bits, int64_t i) {
+  bits[i / 8] &= _ArrowkFlippedBitmask[i % 8];
+}
+
+static inline void ArrowBitSetTo(uint8_t* bits, int64_t i, uint8_t bit_is_set) {
+  bits[i / 8] ^=
+      ((uint8_t)(-((uint8_t)(bit_is_set != 0)) ^ bits[i / 8])) & _ArrowkBitmask[i % 8];
+}
+
+static inline void ArrowBitsSetTo(uint8_t* bits, int64_t start_offset, int64_t length,
+                                  uint8_t bits_are_set) {
+  const int64_t i_begin = start_offset;
+  const int64_t i_end = start_offset + length;
+  const uint8_t fill_byte = (uint8_t)(-bits_are_set);
+
+  const int64_t bytes_begin = i_begin / 8;
+  const int64_t bytes_end = i_end / 8 + 1;
+
+  const uint8_t first_byte_mask = _ArrowkPrecedingBitmask[i_begin % 8];
+  const uint8_t last_byte_mask = _ArrowkTrailingBitmask[i_end % 8];
+
+  if (bytes_end == bytes_begin + 1) {
+    // set bits within a single byte
+    const uint8_t only_byte_mask =
+        i_end % 8 == 0 ? first_byte_mask : (uint8_t)(first_byte_mask | last_byte_mask);
+    bits[bytes_begin] &= only_byte_mask;
+    bits[bytes_begin] |= (uint8_t)(fill_byte & ~only_byte_mask);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // set/clear trailing bits of first byte
+  bits[bytes_begin] &= first_byte_mask;
+  bits[bytes_begin] |= (uint8_t)(fill_byte & ~first_byte_mask);
+
+  if (bytes_end - bytes_begin > 2) {
+    // set/clear whole bytes
+    memset(bits + bytes_begin + 1, fill_byte, (size_t)(bytes_end - bytes_begin - 2));
+  }
+
+  if (i_end % 8 == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // set/clear leading bits of last byte
+  bits[bytes_end - 1] &= last_byte_mask;
+  bits[bytes_end - 1] |= (uint8_t)(fill_byte & ~last_byte_mask);
+}
+
+static inline int64_t ArrowBitCountSet(const uint8_t* bits, int64_t start_offset,
+                                       int64_t length) {
+  if (length == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  const int64_t i_begin = start_offset;
+  const int64_t i_end = start_offset + length;
+
+  const int64_t bytes_begin = i_begin / 8;
+  const int64_t bytes_end = i_end / 8 + 1;
+
+  const uint8_t first_byte_mask = _ArrowkPrecedingBitmask[i_begin % 8];
+  const uint8_t last_byte_mask = _ArrowkTrailingBitmask[i_end % 8];
+
+  if (bytes_end == bytes_begin + 1) {
+    // count bits within a single byte
+    const uint8_t only_byte_mask =
+        i_end % 8 == 0 ? first_byte_mask : (uint8_t)(first_byte_mask | last_byte_mask);
+    const uint8_t byte_masked = bits[bytes_begin] & only_byte_mask;
+    return _ArrowkBytePopcount[byte_masked];
+  }
+
+  int64_t count = 0;
+
+  // first byte
+  count += _ArrowkBytePopcount[bits[bytes_begin] & ~first_byte_mask];
+
+  // middle bytes
+  for (int64_t i = bytes_begin + 1; i < (bytes_end - 1); i++) {
+    count += _ArrowkBytePopcount[bits[i]];
+  }
+
+  // last byte
+  count += _ArrowkBytePopcount[bits[bytes_end - 1] & ~last_byte_mask];
+
+  return count;
+}
+
+static inline void ArrowBitmapInit(struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap) {
+  ArrowBufferInit(&bitmap->buffer);
+  bitmap->size_bits = 0;
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBitmapReserve(struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap,
+                                                int64_t additional_size_bits) {
+  int64_t min_capacity_bits = bitmap->size_bits + additional_size_bits;
+  if (min_capacity_bits <= (bitmap->buffer.capacity_bytes * 8)) {
+    return NANOARROW_OK;
+  }
+
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(
+      ArrowBufferReserve(&bitmap->buffer, _ArrowBytesForBits(additional_size_bits)));
+
+  bitmap->buffer.data[bitmap->buffer.capacity_bytes - 1] = 0;
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBitmapResize(struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap,
+                                               int64_t new_capacity_bits,
+                                               char shrink_to_fit) {
+  if (new_capacity_bits < 0) {
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  int64_t new_capacity_bytes = _ArrowBytesForBits(new_capacity_bits);
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(
+      ArrowBufferResize(&bitmap->buffer, new_capacity_bytes, shrink_to_fit));
+
+  if (new_capacity_bits < bitmap->size_bits) {
+    bitmap->size_bits = new_capacity_bits;
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowBitmapAppend(struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap,
+                                               uint8_t bits_are_set, int64_t length) {
+  NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBitmapReserve(bitmap, length));
+
+  ArrowBitmapAppendUnsafe(bitmap, bits_are_set, length);
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static inline void ArrowBitmapAppendUnsafe(struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap,
+                                           uint8_t bits_are_set, int64_t length) {
+  ArrowBitsSetTo(bitmap->buffer.data, bitmap->size_bits, length, bits_are_set);
+  bitmap->size_bits += length;
+  bitmap->buffer.size_bytes = _ArrowBytesForBits(bitmap->size_bits);
+}
+
+static inline void ArrowBitmapAppendInt8Unsafe(struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap,
+                                               const int8_t* values, int64_t n_values) {
+  if (n_values == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const int8_t* values_cursor = values;
+  int64_t n_remaining = n_values;
+  int64_t out_i_cursor = bitmap->size_bits;
+  uint8_t* out_cursor = bitmap->buffer.data + bitmap->size_bits / 8;
+
+  // First byte
+  if ((out_i_cursor % 8) != 0) {
+    int64_t n_partial_bits = _ArrowRoundUpToMultipleOf8(out_i_cursor) - out_i_cursor;
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_partial_bits; i++) {
+      ArrowBitSetTo(bitmap->buffer.data, out_i_cursor++, values[i]);
+    }
+
+    out_cursor++;
+    values_cursor += n_partial_bits;
+    n_remaining -= n_partial_bits;
+  }
+
+  // Middle bytes
+  int64_t n_full_bytes = n_remaining / 8;
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < n_full_bytes; i++) {
+    _ArrowBitmapPackInt8(values_cursor, out_cursor);
+    values_cursor += 8;
+    out_cursor++;
+  }
+
+  // Last byte
+  out_i_cursor += n_full_bytes * 8;
+  n_remaining -= n_full_bytes * 8;
+  if (n_remaining > 0) {
+    // Zero out the last byte
+    *out_cursor = 0x00;
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_remaining; i++) {
+      ArrowBitSetTo(bitmap->buffer.data, out_i_cursor++, values_cursor[i]);
+    }
+    out_cursor++;
+  }
+
+  bitmap->size_bits += n_values;
+  bitmap->buffer.size_bytes = out_cursor - bitmap->buffer.data;
+}
+
+static inline void ArrowBitmapAppendInt32Unsafe(struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap,
+                                                const int32_t* values, int64_t n_values) {
+  if (n_values == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const int32_t* values_cursor = values;
+  int64_t n_remaining = n_values;
+  int64_t out_i_cursor = bitmap->size_bits;
+  uint8_t* out_cursor = bitmap->buffer.data + bitmap->size_bits / 8;
+
+  // First byte
+  if ((out_i_cursor % 8) != 0) {
+    int64_t n_partial_bits = _ArrowRoundUpToMultipleOf8(out_i_cursor) - out_i_cursor;
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_partial_bits; i++) {
+      ArrowBitSetTo(bitmap->buffer.data, out_i_cursor++, values[i]);
+    }
+
+    out_cursor++;
+    values_cursor += n_partial_bits;
+    n_remaining -= n_partial_bits;
+  }
+
+  // Middle bytes
+  int64_t n_full_bytes = n_remaining / 8;
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < n_full_bytes; i++) {
+    _ArrowBitmapPackInt32(values_cursor, out_cursor);
+    values_cursor += 8;
+    out_cursor++;
+  }
+
+  // Last byte
+  out_i_cursor += n_full_bytes * 8;
+  n_remaining -= n_full_bytes * 8;
+  if (n_remaining > 0) {
+    // Zero out the last byte
+    *out_cursor = 0x00;
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_remaining; i++) {
+      ArrowBitSetTo(bitmap->buffer.data, out_i_cursor++, values_cursor[i]);
+    }
+    out_cursor++;
+  }
+
+  bitmap->size_bits += n_values;
+  bitmap->buffer.size_bytes = out_cursor - bitmap->buffer.data;
+}
+
+static inline void ArrowBitmapReset(struct ArrowBitmap* bitmap) {
+  ArrowBufferReset(&bitmap->buffer);
+  bitmap->size_bits = 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#ifndef NANOARROW_ARRAY_INLINE_H_INCLUDED
+#define NANOARROW_ARRAY_INLINE_H_INCLUDED
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+static inline struct ArrowBitmap* ArrowArrayValidityBitmap(struct ArrowArray* array) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+  return &private_data->bitmap;
+}
+
+static inline struct ArrowBuffer* ArrowArrayBuffer(struct ArrowArray* array, int64_t i) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+  switch (i) {
+    case 0:
+      return &private_data->bitmap.buffer;
+    default:
+      return private_data->buffers + i - 1;
+  }
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayStartAppending(struct ArrowArray* array) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+
+  if (private_data->storage_type == NANOARROW_TYPE_UNINITIALIZED) {
+    return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  // Initialize any data offset buffer with a single zero
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    if (private_data->layout.buffer_type[i] == NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA_OFFSET &&
+        private_data->layout.element_size_bits[i] == 64) {
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppendInt64(ArrowArrayBuffer(array, i), 0));
+    } else if (private_data->layout.buffer_type[i] == NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA_OFFSET &&
+               private_data->layout.element_size_bits[i] == 32) {
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppendInt32(ArrowArrayBuffer(array, i), 0));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Start building any child arrays
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < array->n_children; i++) {
+    NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowArrayStartAppending(array->children[i]));
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayShrinkToFit(struct ArrowArray* array) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    struct ArrowBuffer* buffer = ArrowArrayBuffer(array, i);
+    NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferResize(buffer, buffer->size_bytes, 1));
+  }
+
+  for (int64_t i = 0; i < array->n_children; i++) {
+    NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowArrayShrinkToFit(array->children[i]));
+  }
+
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode _ArrowArrayAppendBits(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                                   int64_t buffer_i, uint8_t value,
+                                                   int64_t n) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+  struct ArrowBuffer* buffer = ArrowArrayBuffer(array, buffer_i);
+  int64_t bytes_required =
+      _ArrowRoundUpToMultipleOf8(private_data->layout.element_size_bits[buffer_i] *
+                                 (array->length + 1)) /
+      8;
+  if (bytes_required > buffer->size_bytes) {
+    NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(
+        ArrowBufferAppendFill(buffer, 0, bytes_required - buffer->size_bytes));
+  }
+
+  ArrowBitsSetTo(buffer->data, array->length, n, value);
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayAppendNull(struct ArrowArray* array, int64_t n) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+
+  if (n == 0) {
+    return NANOARROW_OK;
+  }
+
+  if (private_data->storage_type == NANOARROW_TYPE_NA) {
+    array->null_count += n;
+    array->length += n;
+    return NANOARROW_OK;
+  }
+
+  // Append n 0 bits to the validity bitmap. If we haven't allocated a bitmap yet, do it
+  // now
+  if (private_data->bitmap.buffer.data == NULL) {
+    NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBitmapReserve(&private_data->bitmap, array->length + n));
+    ArrowBitmapAppendUnsafe(&private_data->bitmap, 1, array->length);
+    ArrowBitmapAppendUnsafe(&private_data->bitmap, 0, n);
+  } else {
+    NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBitmapReserve(&private_data->bitmap, n));
+    ArrowBitmapAppendUnsafe(&private_data->bitmap, 0, n);
+  }
+
+  // Add appropriate buffer fill
+  struct ArrowBuffer* buffer;
+  int64_t size_bytes;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+    buffer = ArrowArrayBuffer(array, i);
+    size_bytes = private_data->layout.element_size_bits[i] / 8;
+
+    switch (private_data->layout.buffer_type[i]) {
+      case NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_NONE:
+      case NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_VALIDITY:
+        continue;
+      case NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA_OFFSET:
+        // Append the current value at the end of the offset buffer for each element
+        NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferReserve(buffer, size_bytes * n));
+
+        for (int64_t j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+          ArrowBufferAppendUnsafe(buffer, buffer->data + size_bytes * (array->length + j),
+                                  size_bytes);
+        }
+
+        // Skip the data buffer
+        i++;
+        continue;
+      case NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_DATA:
+        // Zero out the next bit of memory
+        if (private_data->layout.element_size_bits[i] % 8 == 0) {
+          NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppendFill(buffer, 0, size_bytes * n));
+        } else {
+          NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(_ArrowArrayAppendBits(array, i, 0, n));
+        }
+        continue;
+
+      case NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_TYPE_ID:
+      case NANOARROW_BUFFER_TYPE_UNION_OFFSET:
+        // Not supported
+        return EINVAL;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // For fixed-size list and struct we need to append some nulls to
+  // children for the lengths to line up properly
+  switch (private_data->storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_LIST:
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowArrayAppendNull(
+          array->children[0], n * private_data->layout.child_size_elements));
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_STRUCT:
+      for (int64_t i = 0; i < array->n_children; i++) {
+        NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowArrayAppendNull(array->children[i], n));
+      }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+
+  array->length += n;
+  array->null_count += n;
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayAppendInt(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                                 int64_t value) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+
+  struct ArrowBuffer* data_buffer = ArrowArrayBuffer(array, 1);
+
+  switch (private_data->storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64:
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppend(data_buffer, &value, sizeof(int64_t)));
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32:
+      _NANOARROW_CHECK_RANGE(value, INT32_MIN, INT32_MAX);
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppendInt32(data_buffer, value));
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT16:
+      _NANOARROW_CHECK_RANGE(value, INT16_MIN, INT16_MAX);
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppendInt16(data_buffer, value));
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT8:
+      _NANOARROW_CHECK_RANGE(value, INT8_MIN, INT8_MAX);
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppendInt8(data_buffer, value));
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT64:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT32:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT16:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT8:
+      _NANOARROW_CHECK_RANGE(value, 0, INT64_MAX);
+      return ArrowArrayAppendUInt(array, value);
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppendDouble(data_buffer, value));
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppendFloat(data_buffer, value));
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BOOL:
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(_ArrowArrayAppendBits(array, 1, value != 0, 1));
+      break;
+    default:
+      return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  if (private_data->bitmap.buffer.data != NULL) {
+    NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBitmapAppend(ArrowArrayValidityBitmap(array), 1, 1));
+  }
+
+  array->length++;
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayAppendUInt(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                                  uint64_t value) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+
+  struct ArrowBuffer* data_buffer = ArrowArrayBuffer(array, 1);
+
+  switch (private_data->storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT64:
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppend(data_buffer, &value, sizeof(uint64_t)));
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT32:
+      _NANOARROW_CHECK_RANGE(value, 0, UINT32_MAX);
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppendUInt32(data_buffer, value));
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT16:
+      _NANOARROW_CHECK_RANGE(value, 0, UINT16_MAX);
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppendUInt16(data_buffer, value));
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT8:
+      _NANOARROW_CHECK_RANGE(value, 0, UINT8_MAX);
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppendUInt8(data_buffer, value));
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT16:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT8:
+      _NANOARROW_CHECK_RANGE(value, 0, INT64_MAX);
+      return ArrowArrayAppendInt(array, value);
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppendDouble(data_buffer, value));
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppendFloat(data_buffer, value));
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BOOL:
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(_ArrowArrayAppendBits(array, 1, value != 0, 1));
+      break;
+    default:
+      return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  if (private_data->bitmap.buffer.data != NULL) {
+    NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBitmapAppend(ArrowArrayValidityBitmap(array), 1, 1));
+  }
+
+  array->length++;
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayAppendDouble(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                                    double value) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+
+  struct ArrowBuffer* data_buffer = ArrowArrayBuffer(array, 1);
+
+  switch (private_data->storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppend(data_buffer, &value, sizeof(double)));
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      _NANOARROW_CHECK_RANGE(value, FLT_MIN, FLT_MAX);
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppendFloat(data_buffer, value));
+      break;
+    default:
+      return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  if (private_data->bitmap.buffer.data != NULL) {
+    NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBitmapAppend(ArrowArrayValidityBitmap(array), 1, 1));
+  }
+
+  array->length++;
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayAppendBytes(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                                   struct ArrowBufferView value) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+
+  struct ArrowBuffer* offset_buffer = ArrowArrayBuffer(array, 1);
+  struct ArrowBuffer* data_buffer = ArrowArrayBuffer(
+      array, 1 + (private_data->storage_type != NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_BINARY));
+  int32_t offset;
+  int64_t large_offset;
+  int64_t fixed_size_bytes = private_data->layout.element_size_bits[1] / 8;
+
+  switch (private_data->storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_STRING:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BINARY:
+      offset = ((int32_t*)offset_buffer->data)[array->length];
+      if ((offset + value.n_bytes) > INT32_MAX) {
+        return EINVAL;
+      }
+
+      offset += value.n_bytes;
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBufferAppend(offset_buffer, &offset, sizeof(int32_t)));
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(
+          ArrowBufferAppend(data_buffer, value.data.data, value.n_bytes));
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_STRING:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_BINARY:
+      large_offset = ((int64_t*)offset_buffer->data)[array->length];
+      large_offset += value.n_bytes;
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(
+          ArrowBufferAppend(offset_buffer, &large_offset, sizeof(int64_t)));
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(
+          ArrowBufferAppend(data_buffer, value.data.data, value.n_bytes));
+      break;
+
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_BINARY:
+      if (value.n_bytes != fixed_size_bytes) {
+        return EINVAL;
+      }
+
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(
+          ArrowBufferAppend(data_buffer, value.data.data, value.n_bytes));
+      break;
+    default:
+      return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  if (private_data->bitmap.buffer.data != NULL) {
+    NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBitmapAppend(ArrowArrayValidityBitmap(array), 1, 1));
+  }
+
+  array->length++;
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayAppendString(struct ArrowArray* array,
+                                                    struct ArrowStringView value) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+
+  struct ArrowBufferView buffer_view;
+  buffer_view.data.data = value.data;
+  buffer_view.n_bytes = value.n_bytes;
+
+  switch (private_data->storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_STRING:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_STRING:
+      return ArrowArrayAppendBytes(array, buffer_view);
+    default:
+      return EINVAL;
+  }
+}
+
+static inline ArrowErrorCode ArrowArrayFinishElement(struct ArrowArray* array) {
+  struct ArrowArrayPrivateData* private_data =
+      (struct ArrowArrayPrivateData*)array->private_data;
+
+  int64_t child_length;
+
+  switch (private_data->storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LIST:
+      child_length = array->children[0]->length;
+      if (child_length > INT32_MAX) {
+        return EINVAL;
+      }
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(
+          ArrowBufferAppendInt32(ArrowArrayBuffer(array, 1), child_length));
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_LIST:
+      child_length = array->children[0]->length;
+      NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(
+          ArrowBufferAppendInt64(ArrowArrayBuffer(array, 1), child_length));
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_LIST:
+      child_length = array->children[0]->length;
+      if (child_length !=
+          ((array->length + 1) * private_data->layout.child_size_elements)) {
+        return EINVAL;
+      }
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_STRUCT:
+      for (int64_t i = 0; i < array->n_children; i++) {
+        child_length = array->children[i]->length;
+        if (child_length != (array->length + 1)) {
+          return EINVAL;
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      return EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  if (private_data->bitmap.buffer.data != NULL) {
+    NANOARROW_RETURN_NOT_OK(ArrowBitmapAppend(ArrowArrayValidityBitmap(array), 1, 1));
+  }
+
+  array->length++;
+  return NANOARROW_OK;
+}
+
+static inline int8_t ArrowArrayViewIsNull(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view, int64_t i) {
+  const uint8_t* validity_buffer = array_view->buffer_views[0].data.as_uint8;
+  i += array_view->array->offset;
+  switch (array_view->storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_NA:
+      return 0x01;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DENSE_UNION:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_SPARSE_UNION:
+      // Not supported yet
+      return 0xff;
+    default:
+      return validity_buffer != NULL && !ArrowBitGet(validity_buffer, i);
+  }
+}
+
+static inline int64_t ArrowArrayViewGetIntUnsafe(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view,
+                                                 int64_t i) {
+  struct ArrowBufferView* data_view = &array_view->buffer_views[1];
+  i += array_view->array->offset;
+  switch (array_view->storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64:
+      return data_view->data.as_int64[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT64:
+      return data_view->data.as_uint64[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32:
+      return data_view->data.as_int32[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT32:
+      return data_view->data.as_uint32[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT16:
+      return data_view->data.as_int16[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT16:
+      return data_view->data.as_uint16[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT8:
+      return data_view->data.as_int8[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT8:
+      return data_view->data.as_uint8[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return data_view->data.as_double[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return data_view->data.as_float[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BOOL:
+      return ArrowBitGet(data_view->data.as_uint8, i);
+    default:
+      return INT64_MAX;
+  }
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t ArrowArrayViewGetUIntUnsafe(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view,
+                                                   int64_t i) {
+  i += array_view->array->offset;
+  struct ArrowBufferView* data_view = &array_view->buffer_views[1];
+  switch (array_view->storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64:
+      return data_view->data.as_int64[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT64:
+      return data_view->data.as_uint64[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32:
+      return data_view->data.as_int32[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT32:
+      return data_view->data.as_uint32[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT16:
+      return data_view->data.as_int16[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT16:
+      return data_view->data.as_uint16[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT8:
+      return data_view->data.as_int8[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT8:
+      return data_view->data.as_uint8[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return data_view->data.as_double[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return data_view->data.as_float[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BOOL:
+      return ArrowBitGet(data_view->data.as_uint8, i);
+    default:
+      return UINT64_MAX;
+  }
+}
+
+static inline double ArrowArrayViewGetDoubleUnsafe(struct ArrowArrayView* array_view,
+                                                   int64_t i) {
+  i += array_view->array->offset;
+  struct ArrowBufferView* data_view = &array_view->buffer_views[1];
+  switch (array_view->storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT64:
+      return data_view->data.as_int64[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT64:
+      return data_view->data.as_uint64[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT32:
+      return data_view->data.as_int32[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT32:
+      return data_view->data.as_uint32[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT16:
+      return data_view->data.as_int16[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT16:
+      return data_view->data.as_uint16[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_INT8:
+      return data_view->data.as_int8[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_UINT8:
+      return data_view->data.as_uint8[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+      return data_view->data.as_double[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FLOAT:
+      return data_view->data.as_float[i];
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BOOL:
+      return ArrowBitGet(data_view->data.as_uint8, i);
+    default:
+      return DBL_MAX;
+  }
+}
+
+static inline struct ArrowStringView ArrowArrayViewGetStringUnsafe(
+    struct ArrowArrayView* array_view, int64_t i) {
+  i += array_view->array->offset;
+  struct ArrowBufferView* offsets_view = &array_view->buffer_views[1];
+  const char* data_view = array_view->buffer_views[2].data.as_char;
+
+  struct ArrowStringView view;
+  switch (array_view->storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_STRING:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BINARY:
+      view.data = data_view + offsets_view->data.as_int32[i];
+      view.n_bytes = offsets_view->data.as_int32[i + 1] - offsets_view->data.as_int32[i];
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_STRING:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_BINARY:
+      view.data = data_view + offsets_view->data.as_int64[i];
+      view.n_bytes = offsets_view->data.as_int64[i + 1] - offsets_view->data.as_int64[i];
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_BINARY:
+      view.n_bytes = array_view->layout.element_size_bits[1] / 8;
+      view.data = array_view->buffer_views[1].data.as_char + (i * view.n_bytes);
+      break;
+    default:
+      view.data = NULL;
+      view.n_bytes = 0;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return view;
+}
+
+static inline struct ArrowBufferView ArrowArrayViewGetBytesUnsafe(
+    struct ArrowArrayView* array_view, int64_t i) {
+  i += array_view->array->offset;
+  struct ArrowBufferView* offsets_view = &array_view->buffer_views[1];
+  const uint8_t* data_view = array_view->buffer_views[2].data.as_uint8;
+
+  struct ArrowBufferView view;
+  switch (array_view->storage_type) {
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_STRING:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_BINARY:
+      view.n_bytes = offsets_view->data.as_int32[i + 1] - offsets_view->data.as_int32[i];
+      view.data.as_uint8 = data_view + offsets_view->data.as_int32[i];
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_STRING:
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_LARGE_BINARY:
+      view.n_bytes = offsets_view->data.as_int64[i + 1] - offsets_view->data.as_int64[i];
+      view.data.as_uint8 = data_view + offsets_view->data.as_int64[i];
+      break;
+    case NANOARROW_TYPE_FIXED_SIZE_BINARY:
+      view.n_bytes = array_view->layout.element_size_bits[1] / 8;
+      view.data.as_uint8 = array_view->buffer_views[1].data.as_uint8 + (i * view.n_bytes);
+      break;
+    default:
+      view.data.data = NULL;
+      view.n_bytes = 0;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return view;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif