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Posted to commits@synapse.apache.org by hi...@apache.org on 2011/12/28 10:23:11 UTC

svn commit: r1225148 [14/15] - in /synapse/branches/2.1/src/site: ./ xdoc/1_0/ xdoc/1_1/ xdoc/1_1_1/ xdoc/1_2/

Added: synapse/branches/2.1/src/site/xdoc/1_2/Synapse_Samples.xml
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/synapse/branches/2.1/src/site/xdoc/1_2/Synapse_Samples.xml?rev=1225148&view=auto
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--- synapse/branches/2.1/src/site/xdoc/1_2/Synapse_Samples.xml (added)
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+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+
+<document>
+    <properties>
+        <title>Apache Synapse - Samples Guide</title>
+    </properties>
+    <head>
+        <style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve">
+    .command {
+        border: 1px dashed #3c78b5;
+        text-align: left;
+        background-color: #f0f0f0;
+        padding: 3px;
+        font-size: 11px;
+        font-family: Courier;
+        margin: 10px;
+        line-height: 13px;
+    }
+    .consoleOutput {
+        border: 1px dashed #3c78b5;
+        font-size: 11px;
+        font-family: Courier;
+        margin: 10px;
+        line-height: 13px;
+        background-color: #f0f0f0;
+        border-bottom: 1px dashed #3c78b5;
+        padding: 3px;
+        border-style: solid;
+    }
+    .info {
+        border-style: solid;
+        border-width: 1px;
+        border-color: #090;
+        background-color: #dfd;
+        text-align:left;
+        margin-top: 5px;
+        margin-bottom: 5px;
+    }
+    li {
+        font-family: Verdana, arial, sans-serif;
+        font-size: 11px;
+        line-height: 16px;
+        color: #000000;
+        font-weight: normal;
+    }
+    p {
+        font-family: Verdana, arial, sans-serif;
+        font-size: 11px;
+        line-height: 16px;
+        color: #000000;
+        font-weight: normal;
+    }
+    pre {
+        padding: 0px;
+        margin-top: 5px;
+        margin-left: 15px;
+        margin-bottom: 5px;
+        margin-right: 5px;
+        text-align: left;
+        background-color: #f0f0f0;
+        padding: 3px;
+        border: 1px dashed #3c78b5;
+        font-size: 11px;
+        font-family: Courier;
+        margin: 10px;
+        line-height: 13px;
+    }
+    h1 {
+        font-size: 24px;
+        line-height: normal;
+        font-weight: bold;
+        background-color: #f0f0f0;
+        color: #003366;
+        border-bottom: 1px solid #3c78b5;
+        padding: 2px;
+        margin: 36px 0px 4px 0px;
+    }
+    h2 {
+        font-size: 18px;
+        line-height: normal;
+        font-weight: bold;
+        background-color: #f0f0f0;
+        border-bottom: 1px solid #3c78b5;
+        padding: 2px;
+        margin: 27px 0px 4px 0px;
+    }
+    h3 {
+        font-size: 14px;
+        line-height: normal;
+        font-weight: bold;
+        background-color: #f0f0f0;
+        padding: 2px;
+        margin: 21px 0px 4px 0px;
+    }
+    h4 {
+        font-size: 12px;
+        line-height: normal;
+        font-weight: bold;
+        background-color: #f0f0f0;
+        padding: 2px;
+        margin: 18px 0px 4px 0px;
+    }</style>
+    </head>
+  <body>
+    <div style="margin-top:-40px; float:right; _margin-top:0px;">
+      <img alt="Synapse logo"
+           src="images/synapse-logo-web2.png" width="197"
+           height="82"/>
+    </div>
+    <div>
+      <h1>
+        Apache Synapse ESB - Running the Samples
+      </h1>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This guide will walk you through the built-in samples shipped with the product,
+      which will cover most of the basic functional sceanrios and capabilities of Apache Synapse
+      as an ESB. If you are unable to solve your problem by reading through and
+      running these samples, feel free to raise your problem on the
+      <a href="http://synapse.apache.org/mail-lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="TOC" id="TOC">Contents</a>
+    </h2>
+    <div class="section-content">
+      <ul>
+        <li>
+          <a href="Synapse_Samples_Setup.html#Overview">Overview</a>
+        </li>
+        <li>
+          <a href="#MediationSamples">Message mediation samples</a>
+          <ul>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample0">Sample 0: Introduction to Synapse</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample1">Sample 1: Simple content based routing (CBR)
+              of messages</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample2">Sample 2: CBR with the Switch-case mediator,
+              using message properties</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample3">Sample 3: Local Registry entry definitions,
+              reusable endpoints and sequences</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample4">Sample 4: Introduction to error handling</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample5">Sample 5: Creating SOAP fault messages and
+              changing the direction of a message</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample6">Sample 6: Manipulating SOAP headers, and
+              filtering incoming and outgoing messages</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample7">Sample 7: Introduction to local Registry
+              entries and using Schema validation</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample8">Sample 8: Introduction to static and dynamic
+              registry resources, and using XSLT transformations</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample9">Sample 9: Introduction to dynamic sequences
+              with the Registry</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample10">Sample 10: Introduction to dynamic
+              endpoints with the Registry</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample11">Sample 11: A full registry based
+              configuration, and sharing a configuration between multiple
+              instances</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample12">Sample 12: One way messaging /
+              fireAndForget through Synapse</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample13">Sample 13: Dual channel invocation through Synapse</a>
+            </li>
+          </ul>
+        </li>
+        <li>
+          <a href="#Endpoints">Advanced mediations with endpoints</a>
+          <ul>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample50">Sample 50: POX to SOAP conversion</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample51">Sample 51: MTOM and SwA optimizations and
+              request/response correlation</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample52">Sample 52: Session less load balancing
+              between 3 endpoints</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample53">Sample 53: Failover sending among 3
+              endpoints</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample54">Sample 54: Session affinity load balancing
+              between 3 endpoints</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample55">Sample 55: Session affinity load balancing
+              between fail over endpoints</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample56">Sample 56: WSDL endpoint</a>
+            </li>
+          </ul>
+        </li>
+        <li>
+          <a href="#MessageMediationQoS">Quality of Service addition or
+          deduction samples in message mediation</a>
+          <ul>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample100">Sample 100: Using WS-Security for outgoing
+              messages</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample101">Sample 101: Reliable message exchange
+              between Synapse and the back-end server using WS-ReliableMessaging</a>
+            </li>
+          </ul>
+        </li>
+        <li>
+          <a href="#ProxyServices">Synapse Proxy service samples</a>
+          <ul>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample150">Sample 150: Introduction to proxy services</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample151">Sample 151: Custom sequences and endpoints
+              with proxy services</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample152">Sample 152: Switching transports and
+              message format from SOAP to REST/POX</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample153">Sample 153: Routing the messages arrived
+              to a proxy service without processing the security headers</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample154">Sample 154: Load Balancing with Proxy
+              Service </a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample155">Sample 155: Dual channel invocation
+              on both client side and server side of Synapse with Proxy Services</a>
+            </li>
+          </ul>
+        </li>
+        <li>
+          <a href="#ProxyServiceQoS">QoS addition and deduction for service
+          mediation (proxy) samples</a>
+          <ul>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample200">Sample 200: Using WS-Security with policy
+              attachments for proxy services</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample201">Sample 201: Reliable message exchange
+              between the client and proxy services using WS-ReliableMessaging</a>
+            </li>
+          </ul>
+        </li>
+        <li>
+          <a href="#Transport">Transport samples and switching transports</a>
+          <ul>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample250">Sample 250: Introduction to switching
+              transports - JMS to http/s</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample251">Sample 251: Switching from http/s to JMS</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample252">Sample 252: Pure text/binary and POX
+              message support with JMS</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample253">Sample 253: One way bridging from JMS to
+              http and replying with a 202 Accepted response</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample254">Sample 254: Using the file system as
+              transport medium using VFS transport listener and sender</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample255">Sample 255: Switching from ftp transport
+              listener to mail transport sender</a>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample256">Sample 256: Proxy services with the mail
+              transport</a>
+            </li>
+	    <li>
+              <a href="#Sample257">Sample 257: Proxy services with the FIX
+              transport</a>
+            </li>
+	    <li>
+              <a href="#Sample258">Sample 258: Switching from HTTP to FIX
+              </a>
+            </li>
+          </ul>
+        </li>
+        <li>
+          <a href="#Task">Introduction to Synapse tasks</a>
+          <ul>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Sample300">Sample 300: Introduction to tasks with
+              simple trigger</a>
+            </li>
+          </ul>
+        </li>
+        <li>
+          <a href="#AdvancedMediation">Advanced mediations with advanced
+          mediators</a>
+          <ul>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#ScriptMediator">Using scripts in mediation (Script
+              Mediator)</a>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample350">Sample 350: Introduction to the script
+                  mediator using js scripts</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample351">Sample 351: In-line script mediation
+                  with JavaScript</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample352">Sample 352: Accessing Synapse message
+                  context API methods using scripting language</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample353">Sample 353: Using Ruby scripts for
+                  mediation</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample354">Sample 354: Using In-lined Ruby
+                  scripts for mediation</a>
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#DBMediators">Database interactions in mediation
+              (DBLookup / DBReport)</a>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample360">Sample 360: Introduction to dblookp
+                  mediator</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample361">Sample 361: Introduction to dbreport
+                  mediator</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample362">Sample 362: Action of dbreport and
+                  dblookup mediators together</a>
+                </li>
+                <li><a href="#Sample363">Sample 363: Reusable database connection pools</a></li>
+              </ul>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Throttle">Throtteling messages (Throttle Mediator)</a>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample370">Sample 370: Introduction to throttle
+                  mediator and concurrency throttling</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample371">Sample 371: Restricting requests based
+                  on policies</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample372">Sample 372: Use of both concurrency
+                  throttling and request rate based throttling </a>
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Class">Extending the mediation in java (Class
+              Mediator)</a>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample380">Sample 380: Writing your own custom
+                  mediation in Java</a>
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#XQuery">Evaluating XQuery for mediation (XQuery
+              Mediator)</a>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample390">Sample 390: Introduction to the XQuery
+                  mediator</a>
+                </li>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample391">Sample 391: How to use the data from
+                  an external XML document with in XQuery </a>
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Splitter">Splitting messages in to parts and process
+              in parallel (Iterate / Clone)</a>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample400">Sample 400: Message splitting and
+                  aggregating the responses</a>
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Cache">Caching the responses over the requests</a>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample420">Sample 420: Simple cache implemented
+                  on Synapse for the actual service</a>
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              <a href="#Callout">Synchronize web service invocation with
+              Callout mediator </a>
+              <ul>
+                <li>
+                  <a href="#Sample430">Sample 430: Simple Callout Mediator
+                  for synchronize web service invocation</a>
+                </li>
+              </ul>
+            </li>
+          </ul>
+        </li>
+      </ul>
+    </div>
+    <h1>
+      <a name="MediationSamples" id="MediationSamples">Message Mediation
+      Samples</a>
+    </h1>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample0" id="Sample0">Sample 0: Introduction to Synapse</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+    &lt;!-- log all attributes of messages passing through --&gt;
+    &lt;log level="full"/&gt;
+
+    &lt;!-- Send the messageto implicit destination --&gt;
+    &lt;send/&gt;
+&lt;/definitions&gt;</pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Introduction to Synapse. Shows how a message could
+      be made to pass through Synapse </strong><strong>and logged
+      before it is delivered to its ultimate receiver.</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Stock quote client can operate in the following modes for this
+      example.
+    </p>
+    <ol>
+      <li>
+        Smart Client mode
+      </li>
+        <pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Daddurl=http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/ </pre>
+      <li>
+        Using Synapse as a HTTP Proxy
+      </li>
+        <pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Daddurl=http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService -Dprxurl=http://localhost:8280/</pre>
+      <li>
+        Gateway Mode / Dumb Client
+      </li>
+        <p>
+          See sample # 1
+        </p>
+    </ol>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:<br/> </strong>Start the Synapse
+      configuration numbered 0: e.g. synapse -sample 0<br/> Start the Axis2
+      server and deploy the SimpleStockQuoteService if not already deployed
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Execute the Smart Client </strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By tracing the execution of Synapse with the log output level set to
+      DEBUG, you will see the client request arriving at Synapse with a
+      WS-Addressing 'To' set to EPR
+      http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService. The Synapse engine
+      logs the message at the "full" log level (i.e. all the message headers and
+      the body) then sends the message to its implicit 'To' address which is
+      http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService. You will see a message
+      in the Axis2 server console confirming that the message got routed to the
+      sample server and the sample service hosted at the sample server
+      generating a stock quote for the requested symbol.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">Sat Nov 18 21:01:23 IST 2006 SimpleStockQuoteService :: Generating quote for : IBM</pre>
+    <p>
+      The response message generated by the service is again received by
+      Synapse, and flows through the same mediation rules, which logs the
+      response message and then sends it back. This time to the client. On the
+      client console you should see an output similar to the following based on
+      the message received by the client.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">Standard :: Stock price = $95.26454380258552</pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Execute the Proxy Client </strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      You will see the exact same behaviour as per the previous example when you
+      run this scenario. However this time the difference is at the client, as
+      it sends the message to the WS-Addressing 'To' address
+      http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService, but the transport
+      specifies Synapse as the HTTP proxy.
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample1" id="Sample1">Sample 1: Simple content based routing
+      (CBR) of messages</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+    &lt;!-- filtering of messages with XPath and regex matches --&gt;
+    &lt;filter source="get-property('To')" regex=".*/StockQuote.*"&gt;
+        &lt;send&gt;
+            &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService"/&gt;
+            &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+        &lt;/send&gt;
+        &lt;drop/&gt;
+    &lt;/filter&gt;
+    &lt;send/&gt;
+&lt;/definitions&gt; </pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Introduction to simple content based routing. Shows
+      how a message could be made to pass through Synapse using the Dumb Client
+      mode, where Synapse acts as a gateway to accept all messages and then
+      perform mediation and routing based on message properties or content.</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong><br/> Start the Synapse
+      configuration numbered 1: i.e. synapse -sample 1<br/> Start the Axis2
+      server and deploy the SimpleStockQuoteService if not already deployed<br/>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Execute the Dumb Client as:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/soap/StockQuote<br/></pre>
+    <p>
+      This time you will see Synapse receiving a message for which Synapse was
+      set as the ultimate receiver of the message. Based on the 'To' EPR of
+      http://localhost:8280/soap/StockQuote, Synapse performs a match to the
+      path '/StockQuote' and as the request matches the XPath expression of the
+      filter mediator, the filter mediator's child mediators execute. This sends
+      the message to a different endpoint as specified by the endpoint
+      definition. The 'drop' mediator terminates further processing of the
+      current message in a configuration. During response processing, the filter
+      condition fails, and thus the implicit 'send' mediator forwards the
+      response back to the client.
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample2" id="Sample2">Sample 2: CBR with the Switch-case
+      mediator, using message properties</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+    &lt;switch source="//m0:getQuote/m0:request/m0:symbol" xmlns:m0="http://services.samples/xsd"&gt;
+        &lt;case regex="IBM"&gt;
+            &lt;!-- the property mediator sets a local property on the *current* message --&gt;
+            &lt;property name="symbol" value="Great stock - IBM"/&gt;
+        &lt;/case&gt;
+        &lt;case regex="MSFT"&gt;
+            &lt;property name="symbol" value="Are you sure? - MSFT"/&gt;
+        &lt;/case&gt;
+        &lt;default&gt;
+            &lt;!-- it is possible to assign the result of an XPath expression as well --&gt;
+            &lt;property name="symbol"
+                  expression="fn:concat('Normal Stock - ', //m0:getQuote/m0:request/m0:symbol)"
+                  xmlns:m0="http://services.samples/xsd"/&gt;
+        &lt;/default&gt;
+    &lt;/switch&gt;
+
+    &lt;log level="custom"&gt;
+        &lt;!-- the get-property() XPath extension function allows the lookup of local message properties
+            as well as properties from the Axis2 or Transport contexts (i.e. transport headers) --&gt;
+        &lt;property name="symbol" expression="get-property('symbol')"/&gt;
+        &lt;!-- the get-property() function supports the implicit message headers To/From/Action/FaultTo/ReplyTo --&gt;
+        &lt;property name="epr" expression="get-property('To')"/&gt;
+    &lt;/log&gt;
+
+    &lt;!-- Send the messages where they are destined to (i.e. the 'To' EPR of the message) --&gt;
+    &lt;send/&gt;
+&lt;/definitions&gt;</pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Introduce switch-case mediator and writing and
+      reading of local properties set on a message instance</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong><br/> Start the Synapse
+      configuration numbered 2: i.e. synapse -sample 2<br/> Start the Axis2
+      server and deploy the SimpleStockQuoteService if not already done.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Execute the 'ant stockquote ..' request again in the smart client mode,
+      specifying 'IBM', 'MSFT' and 'SUN' as the stock symbols. When the symbol
+      IBM is requested, viewing the mediation logs you will see that the case
+      statements' first case for 'IBM' is executed and a local property named
+      'symbol' was set to 'Great stock - IBM'. Subsequently this local property
+      value is looked up by the log mediator and logged using the
+      'get-property()' XPath extension function.
+    </p>
+    <pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Daddurl=http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/ -Dsymbol=IBM</pre>
+    <pre xml:space="preserve">      INFO LogMediator - symbol = Great stock - IBM, epr = http://localhost:9000/axis2/services/SimpleStockQuoteService </pre>
+    <pre>ant stockquote -Daddurl=http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/ -Dsymbol=MSFT</pre>
+    <pre xml:space="preserve">      INFO LogMediator - symbol = Are you sure? - MSFT, epr = http://localhost:9000/axis2/services/SimpleStockQuoteService</pre>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample3" id="Sample3">Sample 3: Local Registry entry
+      definitions, reusable endpoints and sequences</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+    &lt;!-- define a string resource entry to the local registry --&gt;
+    &lt;localEntry key="version"&gt;0.1&lt;/localEntry&gt;
+    &lt;!-- define a reuseable endpoint definition --&gt;
+    &lt;endpoint name="simple"&gt;
+        &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService"/&gt;
+    &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+
+    &lt;!-- define a reusable sequence --&gt;
+    &lt;sequence name="stockquote"&gt;
+        &lt;!-- log the message using the custom log level. illustrates custom properties for log --&gt;
+        &lt;log level="custom"&gt;
+            &lt;property name="Text" value="Sending quote request"/&gt;
+            &lt;property name="version" expression="get-property('version')"/&gt;
+            &lt;property name="direction" expression="get-property('direction')"/&gt;
+        &lt;/log&gt;
+        &lt;!-- send message to real endpoint referenced by key "simple" endpoint definition --&gt;
+        &lt;send&gt;
+            &lt;endpoint key="simple"/&gt;
+        &lt;/send&gt;
+    &lt;/sequence&gt;
+
+    &lt;sequence name="main"&gt;
+        &lt;in&gt;
+            &lt;property name="direction" value="incoming"/&gt;
+            &lt;sequence key="stockquote"/&gt;
+        &lt;/in&gt;
+        &lt;out&gt;
+            &lt;send/&gt;
+        &lt;/out&gt;
+    &lt;/sequence&gt;
+&lt;/definitions&gt;</pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Illustrates local registry entry definitions,
+      reusable endpoints and sequences</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong><br/> Start the Synapse
+      configuration numbered 3: i.e. synapse -sample 3<br/> Start the Axis2
+      server and deploy the SimpleStockQuoteService if not already done
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This example uses a sequence named as "main" that specifies the main
+      mediation rules to be executed. This is equivalent to directly specifying
+      the mediators of the main sequence within the &lt;definitions&gt; tags.
+      This is the recommended and also a better approach for non-trivial
+      configurations. Execute the 'ant stockquote ..' request again, and
+      following through the mediation logs you will now notice that the sequence
+      named "main" is executed. Then for the incoming message flow the &lt;in&gt;
+      mediator executes, and it calls the sequence named "stockquote".
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Daddurl=http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/</pre>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">DEBUG SequenceMediator - Sequence mediator &lt;main&gt; :: mediate()<br/>DEBUG InMediator - In mediator mediate()<br/>DEBUG SequenceMediator - Sequence mediator &lt;stockquote&gt; :: mediate()</pre>
+    <p>
+      As the "stockquote" sequence executes, the log mediator dumps a simple
+      text/string property, result of an XPath evaluation, that picks up the key
+      named "version", and a second result of an XPath evaluation that picks up
+      a local message property set previously by the &lt;property&gt; mediator.
+      The get-property() XPath extension function is able to read message
+      properties local to the current message, local or remote registry entries,
+      Axis2 message context properties as well as transport headers. The local
+      entry definition for "version" defines a simple text/string registry entry
+      for that which is visible to all messages that pass through Synapse.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">[HttpServerWorker-1] INFO  LogMediator - Text = Sending quote request, version = 0.1, direction = incoming
+[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG SendMediator - Send mediator :: mediate()
+[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG AddressEndpoint - Sending To: http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService </pre>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample4" id="Sample4">Sample 4: Introduction to error handling</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+
+    &lt;!-- the default fault handling sequence used by Synapse - named 'fault' --&gt;
+    &lt;sequence name="fault"&gt;
+        &lt;log level="custom"&gt;
+            &lt;property name="text" value="An unexpected error occured"/&gt;
+            &lt;property name="message" expression="get-property('ERROR_MESSAGE')"/&gt;
+        &lt;/log&gt;
+        &lt;drop/&gt;
+    &lt;/sequence&gt;
+
+    &lt;sequence name="sunErrorHandler"&gt;
+        &lt;log level="custom"&gt;
+            &lt;property name="text" value="An unexpected error occured for stock SUN"/&gt;
+            &lt;property name="message" expression="get-property('ERROR_MESSAGE')"/&gt;
+        &lt;/log&gt;
+        &lt;drop/&gt;
+    &lt;/sequence&gt;
+
+    &lt;!-- default message handling sequence used by Synapse - named 'main' --&gt;
+    &lt;sequence name="main"&gt;
+        &lt;in&gt;
+            &lt;switch source="//m0:getQuote/m0:request/m0:symbol" xmlns:m0="http://services.samples/xsd"&gt;
+                &lt;case regex="IBM"&gt;
+                    &lt;send&gt;
+                        &lt;endpoint&gt;&lt;address uri="http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService"/&gt;&lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                    &lt;/send&gt;
+                &lt;/case&gt;
+                &lt;case regex="MSFT"&gt;
+                    &lt;send&gt;
+                        &lt;endpoint key="bogus"/&gt;
+                    &lt;/send&gt;
+                &lt;/case&gt;
+                &lt;case regex="SUN"&gt;
+                    &lt;sequence key="sunSequence"/&gt;
+                &lt;/case&gt;
+            &lt;/switch&gt;
+            &lt;drop/&gt;
+        &lt;/in&gt;
+
+        &lt;out&gt;
+            &lt;send/&gt;
+        &lt;/out&gt;
+    &lt;/sequence&gt;
+
+&lt;sequence name="sunSequence" onError="sunErrorHandler"&gt;
+        &lt;send&gt;
+            &lt;endpoint key="sunPort"/&gt;
+        &lt;/send&gt;
+&lt;/sequence&gt;
+
+&lt;/definitions&gt; </pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Introduction to error handling with the 'fault'
+      sequence</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong><br/> Start the Synapse
+      configuration numbered 4: i.e. synapse -sample 4<br/> Start the Axis2
+      server and deploy the SimpleStockQuoteService if not already done
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the IBM stock quote is requested, the configuration routes it to the
+      defined in-line endpoint, which routes the message to the
+      SimpleStockQuoteService on the local Axis2 instance. Hence a valid
+      response message is shown at the client.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      If you lookup a stock quote for 'MSFT', Synapse is instructed to route the
+      message to the endpoint defined as the 'bogus' endpoint, which does not
+      exist. Synapse executes the specified error handler sequence closest to
+      the point where the error was encountered. In this case, the currently
+      executing sequence is 'main' and it does not specify an 'onError'
+      attribute. Whenever Synapse cannot find an error handler, it looks for a
+      sequence named 'fault'. Thus the 'fault' sequence can be seen executing,
+      and writing the generic error message to the logs.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Daddurl=http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/ -Dsymbol=MSFT</pre>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG SendMediator - Send mediator :: mediate()
+[HttpServerWorker-1] ERROR IndirectEndpoint - Reference to non-existent endpoint for key : bogus
+[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG MediatorFaultHandler - MediatorFaultHandler :: handleFault
+[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG SequenceMediator - Sequence mediator &lt;fault&gt; :: mediate()
+[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG LogMediator - Log mediator :: mediate()
+[HttpServerWorker-1] INFO  LogMediator - text = An unexpected error occured, message = Reference to non-existent endpoint for key : bogus</pre>
+    <p>
+      When the 'SUN' quote is requested, a custom sequence 'sunSequence' is
+      invoked, and it specifies 'sunErrorHandler' as its error handler. Hence
+      when the send fails, you could see the proper error handler invocation and
+      the custom error message printed as follows.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Daddurl=http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/ -Dsymbol=SUN</pre>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG SequenceMediator - Sequence mediator &lt;sunSequence&gt; :: mediate()
+[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG SequenceMediator - Setting the onError handler for the sequence
+[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG AbstractListMediator - Implicit Sequence &lt;SequenceMediator&gt; :: mediate()
+[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG SendMediator - Send mediator :: mediate()
+[HttpServerWorker-1] ERROR IndirectEndpoint - Reference to non-existent endpoint for key : sunPort
+[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG MediatorFaultHandler - MediatorFaultHandler :: handleFault
+[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG SequenceMediator - Sequence mediator &lt;sunErrorHandler&gt; :: mediate()
+[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG AbstractListMediator - Implicit Sequence &lt;SequenceMediator&gt; :: mediate()
+[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG LogMediator - Log mediator :: mediate()
+[HttpServerWorker-1] INFO  LogMediator - text = An unexpected error occured for stock SUN, message = Reference to non-existent endpoint for key : sunPort</pre>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample5" id="Sample5">Sample 5: Creating SOAP fault messages
+      and changing the direction of a message</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+
+    &lt;sequence name="myFaultHandler"&gt;
+        &lt;makefault&gt;
+            &lt;code value="tns:Receiver" xmlns:tns="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"/&gt;
+            &lt;reason expression="get-property('ERROR_MESSAGE')"/&gt;
+        &lt;/makefault&gt;
+
+        &lt;property name="RESPONSE" value="true"/&gt;
+        &lt;header name="To" expression="get-property('ReplyTo')"/&gt;
+        &lt;send/&gt;
+    &lt;/sequence&gt;
+
+    &lt;sequence name="main" onError="myFaultHandler"&gt;
+        &lt;in&gt;
+            &lt;switch source="//m0:getQuote/m0:request/m0:symbol"
+                    xmlns:m0="http://services.samples/xsd"&gt;
+                &lt;case regex="MSFT"&gt;
+                    &lt;send&gt;
+                        &lt;endpoint&gt;&lt;address uri="http://bogus:9000/soap/NonExistentStockQuoteService"/&gt;&lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                    &lt;/send&gt;
+                &lt;/case&gt;
+                &lt;case regex="SUN"&gt;
+                    &lt;send&gt;
+                        &lt;endpoint&gt;&lt;address uri="http://localhost:9009/soap/NonExistentStockQuoteService"/&gt;&lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                    &lt;/send&gt;
+                &lt;/case&gt;
+            &lt;/switch&gt;
+            &lt;drop/&gt;
+        &lt;/in&gt;
+
+        &lt;out&gt;
+            &lt;send/&gt;
+        &lt;/out&gt;
+    &lt;/sequence&gt;
+
+&lt;/definitions&gt;</pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Makefault mediator and sending back error responses
+      </strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong><br/> Start the Synapse
+      configuration numbered 5: i.e. synapse -sample 5<br/> Start the Axis2
+      server and deploy the SimpleStockQuoteService if not already done
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the MSFT stock quote is requested, an unknown host exception would be
+      generated. A connection refused exception would be generated for the SUN
+      stock request. This error message is captured and returned to the original
+      client as a SOAP fault in this example.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Daddurl=http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/ -Dsymbol=MSFT</pre>
+    <p>
+      returns,
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;soapenv:Fault xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"&gt;&lt;faultcode&gt;soapenv:Client&lt;/faultcode&gt;
+    &lt;faultstring&gt;java.net.UnknownHostException: bogus&lt;/faultstring&gt;&lt;detail /&gt;&lt;/soapenv:Fault&gt;</pre>
+    <p>
+      And
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Daddurl=http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/ -Dsymbol=SUN</pre>
+    <p>
+      returns,
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;soapenv:Fault xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"&gt;&lt;faultcode&gt;soapenv:Client&lt;/faultcode&gt;
+    &lt;faultstring&gt;java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused&lt;/faultstring&gt;&lt;detail /&gt;&lt;/soapenv:Fault&gt;</pre>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample6" id="Sample6">Sample 6: Manipulating SOAP headers, and
+      filtering incoming and outgoing messages</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+    &lt;in&gt;
+        &lt;header name="To" value="http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService"/&gt;
+    &lt;/in&gt;
+    &lt;send/&gt;
+&lt;/definitions&gt;</pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Introduction to header, in (out) mediators</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong><br/> Start the Synapse
+      configuration numbered 6: i.e. synapse -sample 6<br/> Start the Axis2
+      server and deploy the SimpleStockQuoteService if not already done
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In this example we use the stockquote client in the dumb client mode,
+      setting the 'To' EPR of the message to Synapse. Then the 'in' mediator
+      processes the incoming messages, and manipulates the 'To' header to refer
+      to the stock quote service on the sample Axis2 server. Thus it is now
+      possible to request for a stock quote as follows.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/</pre>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample7" id="Sample7">Sample 7: Introduction to local Registry
+      entries and using Schema validation</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+
+    &lt;localEntry key="validate_schema"&gt;
+        &lt;xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
+                    xmlns="http://www.apache-synapse.org/test" elementFormDefault="qualified"
+                    attributeFormDefault="unqualified"
+                    targetNamespace="http://services.samples/xsd"&gt;
+            &lt;xs:element name="getQuote"&gt;
+                &lt;xs:complexType&gt;
+                    &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
+                        &lt;xs:element name="request"&gt;
+                            &lt;xs:complexType&gt;
+                                &lt;xs:sequence&gt;
+                                    &lt;xs:element name="stocksymbol" type="xs:string"/&gt;
+                                &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
+                            &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
+                        &lt;/xs:element&gt;
+                    &lt;/xs:sequence&gt;
+                &lt;/xs:complexType&gt;
+            &lt;/xs:element&gt;
+        &lt;/xs:schema&gt;
+    &lt;/localEntry&gt;
+
+    &lt;in&gt;
+        &lt;validate&gt;
+            &lt;schema key="validate_schema"/&gt;
+            &lt;on-fail&gt;
+                &lt;!-- if the request does not validate againt schema throw a fault --&gt;
+                &lt;makefault&gt;
+                    &lt;code value="tns:Receiver"
+                            xmlns:tns="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"/&gt;
+                    &lt;reason value="Invalid custom quote request"/&gt;
+                &lt;/makefault&gt;
+                &lt;property name="RESPONSE" value="true"/&gt;
+                &lt;header name="To" expression="get-property('ReplyTo')"/&gt;
+            &lt;/on-fail&gt;
+        &lt;/validate&gt;
+    &lt;/in&gt;
+    &lt;send/&gt;
+&lt;/definitions&gt; </pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Introduction to local (static) registry entries and
+      the validate mediator</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong><br/> Start the Synapse
+      configuration numbered 7: i.e. synapse -sample 7<br/> Start the Axis2
+      server and deploy the SimpleStockQuoteService if not already done
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This example shows how a static XML fragment could be made available to
+      the Synapse local registry. Resources defined in the local registry are
+      static (i.e. never changes over the lifetime of the configuration) and may
+      be specified as a source URL, in-line text or in-line xml. In this example
+      the schema is made available under the key 'validate_schema'.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The validate mediator by default operates on the first child element of
+      the SOAP body. You may specify an XPath expression using the 'source'
+      attribute to override this behaviour. The validate mediator now uses the
+      'validate_schema' resource to validate the incoming message, and if the
+      message validation fails it invokes the 'on-fail' sequence of mediators.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      If you send a stockquote request using 'ant stockquote ...' you will get a
+      fault back with the message 'Invalid custom quote request' as the schema
+      validation failed. This is because the schema used in the example expects
+      a slightly different message than what is created by the stock quote
+      client. (i.e. expects a 'stocksymbol' element instead of 'symbol' to
+      specify the stock symbol)
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Daddurl=http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/</pre>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample8" id="Sample8">Sample 8: Introduction to static and
+      dynamic registry resources, and using XSLT transformations</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+
+    &lt;!-- the SimpleURLRegistry allows access to a URL based registry (e.g. file:/// or http://) --&gt;
+    &lt;registry provider="org.apache.synapse.registry.url.SimpleURLRegistry"&gt;
+        &lt;!-- the root property of the simple URL registry helps resolve a resource URL as root + key --&gt;
+        &lt;parameter name="root"&gt;file:./repository/conf/sample/resources/&lt;/parameter&gt;
+        &lt;!-- all resources loaded from the URL registry would be cached for this number of milli seconds --&gt;
+        &lt;parameter name="cachableDuration"&gt;15000&lt;/parameter&gt;
+    &lt;/registry&gt;
+
+    &lt;!-- define the request processing XSLT resource as a static URL source --&gt;
+    &lt;localEntry key="xslt-key-req" src="file:repository/conf/sample/resources/transform/transform.xslt"/&gt;
+
+    &lt;in&gt;
+        &lt;!-- transform the custom quote request into a standard quote requst expected by the service --&gt;
+        &lt;xslt key="xslt-key-req"/&gt;
+    &lt;/in&gt;
+    &lt;out&gt;
+        &lt;!-- transform the standard response back into the custom format the client expects --&gt;
+        &lt;!-- the key is looked up in the remote registry and loaded as a 'dynamic' registry resource --&gt;
+        &lt;xslt key="transform/transform_back.xslt"/&gt;
+    &lt;/out&gt;
+    &lt;send/&gt;
+&lt;/definitions&gt;</pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Introduction to static and dynamic registry
+      resources and the XSLT mediator</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong><br/> Start the Synapse
+      configuration numbered 8: i.e. synapse -sample 8<br/> Start the Axis2
+      server and deploy the SimpleStockQuoteService if not already done
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This example uses the XSLT mediator to perform transformations, and the
+      xslt transformations are specified as registry resources. The first
+      resource 'xslt-key-req' is specified as a 'local' registry entry. Local
+      entries do not place the resource on the registry, but simply make it
+      available to the local configuration. If a local entry is defined with a
+      key that already exists in the remote registry, the local entry will get
+      higher preference and override the remote resource.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In this example you will notice the new 'registry' definition. Synapse
+      comes with a simple URL based registry implementation SimpleURLRegistry.
+      During initialization of the registry, the SimpleURLRegistry expects to
+      find a property named 'root', which specifies a prefix for the registry
+      keys used later. When the SimpleURLRegistry is used, this root is prefixed
+      to the entry keys to form the complete URL for the resource being looked
+      up. The registry caches a resource once requested, and caches it
+      internally for a specified duration. Once this period expires, it will
+      reload the meta information about the resource and reload its cached copy
+      if necessary, the next time the resource is requested.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Hence the second XSLT resource key 'transform/transform_back.xslt'
+      concatenated with the 'root' of the SimpleURLRegistry
+      'file:repository/conf/sample/resources/' forms the complete URL of the
+      resource as
+      'file:repository/conf/sample/resources/transform/transform_back.xslt' and
+      caches its value for a period of 15000 ms.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Execute the custom quote client as 'ant stockquote -Dmode=customquote ...'
+      and analyze the the Synapse debug log output
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Daddurl=http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/ -Dmode=customquote</pre>
+    <p>
+      The incoming message is now transformed into a standard stock quote
+      request as expected by the SimpleStockQuoteService deployed on the local
+      Axis2 instance, by the XSLT mediator. The XSLT mediator uses Xalan-J to
+      perform the transformations. It is possible to configure the underlying
+      transformation engine using properties where necessary. The response from
+      the SimpleStockQuoteService is converted back into the custom format as
+      expected by the client during the out message processing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      During the response processing you could see the SimpleURLRegistry
+      fetching the resource as shown by the log message below
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">[HttpClientWorker-1] DEBUG SimpleURLRegistry ==> Repository fetch of resource with key : transform/transform_back.xslt</pre>
+    <p>
+      If you run the client again immediately (i.e within 15 seconds of the
+      first request) you will not see the resource being reloaded by the
+      registry as the cached value would be still valid.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      However if you leave the system idle for 15 seconds or more and then retry
+      the same request, you will now notice that the registry noticed the cached
+      resource has expired and will check the meta information about the
+      resource to check if the resource itself has changed and will require a
+      fresh fetch from the source URL. If the meta data / version number
+      indicates that a reload of the cached resource is not necessary (i.e.
+      unless the resource itself actually changed) the updated meta information
+      is used and the cache lease extended as appropriate.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">[HttpClientWorker-1] DEBUG AbstractRegistry - Cached object has expired for key : transform/transform_back.xslt
+[HttpClientWorker-1] DEBUG SimpleURLRegistry - Perform RegistryEntry lookup for key : transform/transform_back.xslt
+[HttpClientWorker-1] DEBUG AbstractRegistry - Expired version number is same as current version in registry
+[HttpClientWorker-1] DEBUG AbstractRegistry - Renew cache lease for another 15s </pre>
+    <p>
+      Now edit the
+      repository/conf/sample/resources/transform/transform_back.xslt file and
+      add a blank line at the end. Now when you run the client again, and if the
+      cache is expired, the resource would be re-fetched from its URL by the
+      registry and this can be seen by the following debug log messages
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">[HttpClientWorker-1] DEBUG AbstractRegistry - Cached object has expired for key : transform/transform_back.xslt
+[HttpClientWorker-1] DEBUG SimpleURLRegistry - Perform RegistryEntry lookup for key : transform/transform_back.xslt
+[HttpClientWorker-1] INFO  SimpleURLRegistry - ==&gt; Repository fetch of resource with key : transform/transform_back.xslt </pre>
+    <p>
+      Thus the SimpleURLRegistry allows resource to be cached, and updates
+      detected so that the changes could be reloaded without restarting the
+      Synapse instance.
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample9" id="Sample9">Sample 9: Introduction to dynamic
+      sequences with the Registry</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+    &lt;registry provider="org.apache.synapse.registry.url.SimpleURLRegistry"&gt;
+        &lt;parameter name="root"&gt;file:./repository/conf/sample/resources/&lt;/parameter&gt;
+        &lt;parameter name="cachableDuration"&gt;15000&lt;/parameter&gt;
+    &lt;/registry&gt;
+
+    &lt;sequence key="sequence/dynamic_seq_1.xml"/&gt;
+&lt;/definitions&gt; </pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Introduction to dynamic sequences with a registry</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong><br/> Start the Synapse
+      configuration numbered 9: i.e. synapse -sample 9<br/> Start the Axis2
+      server and deploy the SimpleStockQuoteService if not already done
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This example introduces the dynamic behaviour of Synapse through the use
+      of a registry. Synapse supports dynamic definitions for sequences and
+      endpoints, and as seen before, for resources. In this example we define a
+      Synapse configuration which references a sequence definition specified as
+      a registry key. The registry key resolves to the actual content of the
+      sequence which would be loaded dynamically by Synapse at runtime, and
+      cached appropriately as per its definition in the registry. Once the cache
+      expires, Synapse would re-check the meta information for the definition and
+      re-load the sequence definition if necessary and re-cache it again.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Once Synapse is started, execute the stock quote client as 'ant
+      stockquote..'. You will notice that that Synapse fetches the definition of
+      the sequence from the registry and executes its rules as follows:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Daddurl=http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/</pre>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG  SimpleURLRegistry - ==&gt; Repository fetch of resource with key : sequence/dynamic_seq_1.xml
+...
+[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG SequenceMediator - Sequence mediator &lt;dynamic_sequence&gt; :: mediate()
+...
+[HttpServerWorker-1] INFO  LogMediator - message = *** Test Message 1 ***</pre>
+    <p>
+      Now if you execute the client immediately (i.e. within 15 seconds of the
+      last execution) you will notice that the sequence was not reloaded. If you
+      edit the sequence definition in
+      repository/conf/sample/resources/sequence/dynamic_seq_1.xml (i.e. edit the
+      log message to read as "*** Test Message 2 ***") and execute the client
+      again, you will notice that the new message is not yet visible (i.e. if
+      you execute this within 15 seconds of loading the resource for the first
+      time) However, after 15 seconds elapsed since the original caching of the
+      sequence, you will notice that the new sequence is loaded and executed by
+      Synapse from the following log messages.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG  SimpleURLRegistry - ==&gt; Repository fetch of resource with key : sequence/dynamic_seq_1.xml
+...
+[HttpServerWorker-1] DEBUG SequenceMediator - Sequence mediator &lt;dynamic_sequence&gt; :: mediate()
+...
+[HttpServerWorker-1] INFO  LogMediator - message = *** Test Message 2 ***</pre>
+    <p>
+      The cache timeout could be tuned appropriately by configuring the URL
+      registry to suit the environment and the needs.
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample10" id="Sample10">Sample 10: Introduction to dynamic
+      endpoints with the Registry</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+
+    &lt;registry provider="org.apache.synapse.registry.url.SimpleURLRegistry"&gt;
+        &lt;parameter name="root"&gt;file:repository/conf/sample/resources/&lt;/parameter&gt;
+        &lt;parameter name="cachableDuration"&gt;15000&lt;/parameter&gt;
+    &lt;/registry&gt;
+
+    &lt;in&gt;
+        &lt;send&gt;
+            &lt;endpoint key="endpoint/dynamic_endpt_1.xml"/&gt;
+        &lt;/send&gt;
+    &lt;/in&gt;
+    &lt;out&gt;
+        &lt;send/&gt;
+    &lt;/out&gt;
+&lt;/definitions&gt; </pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Introduction to dynamic endpoints with the Registry</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong><br/> Start the Synapse
+      configuration numbered 10: i.e. synapse -sample 10<br/> Start the Axis2
+      server and deploy the SimpleStockQuoteService if not already done<br/>
+      Start a second Axis2 server on HTTP port 9001 and HTTPS port 9003 as
+      follows:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">./axis2server.sh -http 9001 -https 9003</pre>
+    <p>
+      This example introduces dynamic endpoints, where the definition of an
+      endpoint is stored in the registry. To follow this example execute the
+      stock quote client as 'ant stockquote..' and see that the message is
+      routed to the SimpleStockQuoteService on the default Axis2 instance on
+      HTTP port 9000. Repeat the above example immediately again, and notice
+      that the endpoint is cached and reused by Synapse - similarly to example #
+      8.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/</pre>
+    <p>
+      Now edit the repository/conf/sample/resources/endpoint/dynamic_endpt_1.xml
+      definition and update the address to
+      "http://localhost:9001/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService". After the cached value
+      expires, the Registry loads the new definition of the endpoint, and then
+      the messages can be seen being routed to the second sample Axis2 server on
+      HTTP port 9001.
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample11" id="Sample11">Sample 11: A full registry based
+      configuration, and sharing a configuration between multiple instances</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+    &lt;registry provider="org.apache.synapse.registry.url.SimpleURLRegistry"&gt;
+        &lt;parameter name="root"&gt;file:./repository/conf/sample/resources/&lt;/parameter&gt;
+        &lt;parameter name="cachableDuration"&gt;15000&lt;/parameter&gt;
+    &lt;/registry&gt;
+&lt;/definitions&gt; </pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: A full registry based configuration</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong><br/> Start the Synapse
+      configuration numbered 11: i.e. synapse -sample 11<br/> Start the Axis2
+      server and deploy the SimpleStockQuoteService if not already done
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This example shows a full registry based Synapse configuration. Thus it is
+      possible to start a remote configuration from multiple instances of
+      Synapse in a clustered environment easily. The Synapse configuration held
+      on a node hosting Synapse simply points to the registry and looks up the
+      actual configuration by requesting the key 'synapse.xml'.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      (Note: Full registry based configuration is not dynamic atleast for the
+      moment. i.e. it is not reloading itself)
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Daddurl=http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/</pre>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">[HttpServerWorker-1] INFO LogMediator - message = This is a dynamic Synapse configuration</pre>
+    <p>
+      The actual synapse.xml loaded is:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- a registry based Synapse configuration --&gt;
+&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+    &lt;log level="custom"&gt;
+        &lt;property name="message" value="This is a dynamic Synapse configuration $$$"/&gt;
+    &lt;/log&gt;
+    &lt;send/&gt;
+&lt;/definitions&gt;</pre>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample12" id="Sample12">Sample 12: One way messaging /
+      fireAndForget through Synapse</a>
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Demonstrate one-way messaging / fireAndForget
+      through Synapse</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong><br/> Start the Axis2 server
+      and deploy the SimpleStockQuoteService (Refer steps above)<br/> Start
+      the Synapse configuration numbered 1: i.e. synapse -sample 1
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This example invokes the one-way 'placeOrder' operation on the
+      SimpleStockQuoteService using the custom client which uses the Axis2
+      ServiceClient.fireAndForget() API. To test this, use 'ant
+      -Dmode=placeorder...' and you will notice the one-way message flowing
+      through Synapse into the sample Axis2 server instance, which reports the
+      acceptance of the order as follows:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Daddurl=http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/ -Dmode=placeorder</pre>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">SimpleStockQuoteService :: Accepted order for : 7482 stocks of IBM at $ 169.27205579038733</pre>
+    <p>
+      If you send your client request through TCPmon, you will notice that the
+      SimpleStockQuoteService replies to Synapse with a HTTP 202 reply, and that
+      Synapse in turns replies to the client with a HTTP 202 acknowledgment
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample13" id="Sample13">Sample 13: Dual channel invocation through Synapse</a>
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Demonstrate dual channel messaging
+      through Synapse</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong><br/> Start the Axis2 server
+      and deploy the SimpleStockQuoteService (Refer steps above)<br/> Start
+      the Synapse configuration numbered 0: i.e. synapse -sample 0
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This example invokes the same 'getQuote' operation on the
+      SimpleStockQuoteService using the custom client which uses the Axis2
+      ServiceClient API with useSeparateListener set to true so that the response is
+      coming through a different channel than the one which is used to send the request
+      to a callback defined in the client.
+      To test this, use 'ant
+      -Dmode=dualquote...' and you will notice the dual channel invocation
+      through Synapse into the sample Axis2 server instance, which reports the response
+      back to the client over a different channel:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Daddurl=http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/ -Dmode=dualquote</pre>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">Response received to the callback
+Standard dual channel :: Stock price = $57.16686934968289</pre>
+    <p>
+      If you send your client request through TCPmon, you will notice that
+      Synapse replies to the client with a HTTP 202 acknowledgment when you send the request and
+      the communication between Synapse and the server happens on a single channel and then you
+      get the response back from Synapse to the clients callback in a different channel (which
+      cannot be observed through TCPmon)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Also you could see the wsa:Reply-To header being something like
+      http://localhost:8200/axis2/soap/anonService2 which implies that the reply
+      is being on a different channel listening on the port 8200. Please note that it is
+      required to engage addressing when using the dual channel invocation because it
+      requires the wsa:Reply-To header.
+    </p>
+    <h1>
+      <a name="Endpoints" id="Endpoints">Advanced mediations with endpoints</a>
+    </h1>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample50" id="Sample50">Sample 50: POX to SOAP conversion</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+    &lt;!-- filtering of messages with XPath and regex matches --&gt;
+    &lt;filter source="get-property('To')" regex=".*/StockQuote.*"&gt;
+        &lt;send&gt;
+            &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9000/soap/SimpleStockQuoteService" format="soap11"/&gt;
+            &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+        &lt;/send&gt;
+        &lt;drop/&gt;
+    &lt;/filter&gt;
+    &lt;send/&gt;
+&lt;/definitions&gt; </pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: POX to SOAP conversion</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong><br/> Start the Synapse
+      configuration numbered 50: i.e. synapse -sample 50
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Start the Axis2 server and deploy the SimpleStockQuoteService if not
+      already done
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Execute the 'ant stockquote' specifying that the request should be a REST
+      request as follows:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant stockquote -Dtrpurl=http://localhost:8280/soap/StockQuote -Drest=true</pre>
+    <p>
+      This example shows a HTTP REST request (as shown below) being transformed
+      into a SOAP request and forwarded to the stock quote service.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">POST /soap/StockQuote HTTP/1.1
+Content-Type: application/xml; charset=UTF-8;action="urn:getQuote";
+SOAPAction: urn:getQuote
+User-Agent: Axis2
+Host: 127.0.0.1
+Transfer-Encoding: chunked
+
+75
+&lt;m0:getQuote xmlns:m0="http://services.samples/xsd"&gt;
+   &lt;m0:request&gt;
+      &lt;m0:symbol&gt;IBM&lt;/m0:symbol&gt;
+   &lt;/m0:request&gt;
+&lt;/m0:getQuote&gt;0</pre>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample51" id="Sample51">Sample 51: MTOM and SwA optimizations
+      and request/response correlation</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+    &lt;in&gt;
+        &lt;filter source="get-property('Action')" regex="urn:uploadFileUsingMTOM"&gt;
+            &lt;property name="example" value="mtom"/&gt;
+            &lt;send&gt;
+                &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                    &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9000/soap/MTOMSwASampleService" optimize="mtom"/&gt;
+                &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+            &lt;/send&gt;
+        &lt;/filter&gt;
+        &lt;filter source="get-property('Action')" regex="urn:uploadFileUsingSwA"&gt;
+            &lt;property name="example" value="swa"/&gt;
+            &lt;send&gt;
+                &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                    &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9000/soap/MTOMSwASampleService" optimize="swa"/&gt;
+                &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+            &lt;/send&gt;
+        &lt;/filter&gt;
+    &lt;/in&gt;
+    &lt;out&gt;
+        &lt;filter source="get-property('example')" regex="mtom"&gt;
+            &lt;property name="enableMTOM" value="true" scope="axis2"/&gt;
+        &lt;/filter&gt;
+        &lt;filter source="get-property('example')" regex="swa"&gt;
+            &lt;property name="enableSwA" value="true" scope="axis2"/&gt;
+        &lt;/filter&gt;
+        &lt;send/&gt;
+    &lt;/out&gt;
+&lt;/definitions&gt;</pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: MTOM and SwA optimizations and request/response
+      correlation</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong><br/> Start the Synapse
+      configuration numbered 51: i.e. synapse -sample 51<br/> Start the Axis2
+      server and deploy the MTOMSwASampleService if not already done
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Execute the 'ant optimizeclient' specifying MTOM optimization as follows:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant optimizeclient -Dopt_mode=mtom</pre>
+    <p>
+      The configuration now sets a local message context property, and forwards
+      the message to 'http://localhost:9000/soap/MTOMSwASampleService'
+      optimizing binary content as MTOM. By sending this message through TCPMon
+      you would be able to see the actual message sent over the HTTP transport
+      if required. Thus during response processing, by checking the local
+      message property Synapse could identify the past information about the
+      current message context, and uses this knowledge to transform the response
+      back to the client in the same format as the original request.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the client executes successfully, it will upload a file containing
+      the ASF logo and receive its response back again and saves it into a
+      temporary file.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">[java] Sending file : ./../../repository/conf/sample/resources/mtom/asf-logo.gif as MTOM
+[java] Saved response to file : ./../../work/temp/sampleClient/mtom-4417.gif</pre>
+    <p>
+      Next try SwA as:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant optimizeclient -Dopt_mode=swa</pre>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">[java] Sending file : ./../../repository/conf/sample/resources/mtom/asf-logo.gif as SwA
+[java] Saved response to file : ./../../work/temp/sampleClient/swa-30391.gif</pre>
+    <p>
+      By using TCPMon and sending the message through it, one can inspect that
+      the requests and responses sent are indeed MTOM optimized or sent as HTTP
+      attachments as follows:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">POST http://localhost:9000/soap/MTOMSwASampleService HTTP/1.1
+Host: 127.0.0.1
+SOAPAction: urn:uploadFileUsingMTOM
+Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary=MIMEBoundaryurn_uuid_B94996494E1DD5F9B51177413845353; type="application/xop+xml";
+start="&lt;0.urn:uuid:B94996494E1DD5F9B51177413845354@apache.org&gt;"; start-info="text/xml"; charset=UTF-8
+Transfer-Encoding: chunked
+Connection: Keep-Alive
+User-Agent: Synapse-HttpComponents-NIO
+
+--MIMEBoundaryurn_uuid_B94996494E1DD5F9B51177413845353241
+Content-Type: application/xop+xml; charset=UTF-8; type="text/xml"
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
+Content-ID:
+   &lt;0.urn:uuid:B94996494E1DD5F9B51177413845354@apache.org&gt;221b1
+      &lt;?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?&gt;
+         &lt;soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"&gt;
+            &lt;soapenv:Body&gt;
+               &lt;m0:uploadFileUsingMTOM xmlns:m0="http://www.apache-synapse.org/test"&gt;
+                  &lt;m0:request&gt;
+                     &lt;m0:image&gt;
+                        &lt;xop:Include href="cid:1.urn:uuid:78F94BC50B68D76FB41177413845003@apache.org" xmlns:xop="http://www.w3.org/2004/08/xop/include" /&gt;
+                     &lt;/m0:image&gt;
+                  &lt;/m0:request&gt;
+               &lt;/m0:uploadFileUsingMTOM&gt;
+            &lt;/soapenv:Body&gt;
+         &lt;/soapenv:Envelope&gt;
+--MIMEBoundaryurn_uuid_B94996494E1DD5F9B51177413845353217
+Content-Type: image/gif
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
+Content-ID:
+         &lt;1.urn:uuid:78F94BC50B68D76FB41177413845003@apache.org&gt;22800GIF89a... &lt;&lt; binary content &gt;&gt;</pre>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">POST http://localhost:9000/soap/MTOMSwASampleService HTTP/1.1
+Host: 127.0.0.1
+SOAPAction: urn:uploadFileUsingSwA
+Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary=MIMEBoundaryurn_uuid_B94996494E1DD5F9B51177414170491; type="text/xml";
+start="&lt;0.urn:uuid:B94996494E1DD5F9B51177414170492@apache.org&gt;"; charset=UTF-8
+Transfer-Encoding: chunked
+Connection: Keep-Alive
+User-Agent: Synapse-HttpComponents-NIO
+
+--MIMEBoundaryurn_uuid_B94996494E1DD5F9B51177414170491225
+Content-Type: text/xml; charset=UTF-8
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
+Content-ID:
+   &lt;0.urn:uuid:B94996494E1DD5F9B51177414170492@apache.org&gt;22159
+      &lt;?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?&gt;
+         &lt;soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"&gt;
+            &lt;soapenv:Body&gt;
+               &lt;m0:uploadFileUsingSwA xmlns:m0="http://www.apache-synapse.org/test"&gt;
+                  &lt;m0:request&gt;
+                     &lt;m0:imageId&gt;urn:uuid:15FD2DA2584A32BF7C1177414169826&lt;/m0:imageId&gt;
+                  &lt;/m0:request&gt;
+               &lt;/m0:uploadFileUsingSwA&gt;
+            &lt;/soapenv:Body&gt;
+         &lt;/soapenv:Envelope&gt;22--34MIMEBoundaryurn_uuid_B94996494E1DD5F9B511774141704912
+17
+Content-Type: image/gif
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary
+Content-ID:
+         &lt;urn:uuid:15FD2DA2584A32BF7C1177414169826&gt;22800GIF89a... &lt;&lt; binary content &gt;&gt;</pre>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample52" id="Sample52">Sample 52: Session less load balancing
+      between 3 endpoints</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+
+    &lt;sequence name="main" onError="errorHandler"&gt;
+        &lt;in&gt;
+            &lt;send&gt;
+                &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                    &lt;loadbalance&gt;
+                        &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                            &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9001/soap/LBService1"&gt;
+                                &lt;enableAddressing/&gt;
+                                &lt;suspendDurationOnFailure&gt;60&lt;/suspendDurationOnFailure&gt;
+                            &lt;/address&gt;
+                        &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                        &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                            &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9002/soap/LBService1"&gt;
+                                &lt;enableAddressing/&gt;
+                                &lt;suspendDurationOnFailure&gt;60&lt;/suspendDurationOnFailure&gt;
+                            &lt;/address&gt;
+                        &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                        &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                            &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9003/soap/LBService1"&gt;
+                                &lt;enableAddressing/&gt;
+                                &lt;suspendDurationOnFailure&gt;60&lt;/suspendDurationOnFailure&gt;
+                            &lt;/address&gt;
+                        &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                    &lt;/loadbalance&gt;
+                &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+            &lt;/send&gt;
+&lt;drop/&gt;
+        &lt;/in&gt;
+
+        &lt;out&gt;
+            &lt;!-- Send the messages where they have been sent (i.e. implicit To EPR) --&gt;
+            &lt;send/&gt;
+        &lt;/out&gt;
+    &lt;/sequence&gt;
+
+    &lt;sequence name="errorHandler"&gt;
+
+        &lt;makefault&gt;
+            &lt;code value="tns:Receiver" xmlns:tns="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"/&gt;
+            &lt;reason value="COULDN'T SEND THE MESSAGE TO THE SERVER."/&gt;
+        &lt;/makefault&gt;
+
+        &lt;header name="To" action="remove"/&gt;
+        &lt;property name="RESPONSE" value="true"/&gt;
+
+        &lt;send/&gt;
+    &lt;/sequence&gt;
+
+&lt;/definitions&gt;</pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Demonstrate the simple load balancing among a set of
+      endpoints</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Start Synapse with sample configuration 52. (i.e. synapse -sample 52)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Deploy the LoadbalanceFailoverService by switching to &lt;Synapse
+      installation directory&gt;/samples/axis2Server/src/LoadbalanceFailoverService
+      directory and running ant.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Start three instances of sample Axis2 server on HTTP ports 9001, 9002 and
+      9003 and give some unique names to each server.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Example commands to run sample Axis2 servers from the &lt;Synapse
+      installation directory&gt;/samples/axis2Server directory in Linux are
+      listed below:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">./axis2server.sh -http 9001 -https 9005 -name MyServer1
+./axis2server.sh -http 9002 -https 9006 -name MyServer2
+./axis2server.sh -http 9003 -https 9007 -name MyServer3</pre>
+    <p>
+      Now we are done with setting up the environment for load balance sample.
+      Start the load balance and failover client using the following command:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant loadbalancefailover -Di=100</pre>
+    <p>
+      This client sends 100 requests to the LoadbalanceFailoverService through
+      Synapse. Synapse will distribute the load among the three endpoints
+      mentioned in the configuration in round-robin manner.
+      LoadbalanceFailoverService appends the name of the server to the response,
+      so that client can determine which server has processed the message. If
+      you examine the console output of the client, you can see that requests
+      are processed by three servers as follows:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">[java] Request: 1 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer1
+[java] Request: 2 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer2
+[java] Request: 3 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer3
+[java] Request: 4 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer1
+[java] Request: 5 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer2
+[java] Request: 6 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer3
+[java] Request: 7 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer1
+...</pre>
+    <p>
+      Now run the client without the -Di=100 parameter to send infinite
+      requests. While running the client shutdown the server named MyServer1.
+      You can observe that requests are only distributed among MyServer2 and
+      MyServer3 after shutting down MyServer1. Console output before and after
+      shutting down MyServer1 is listed below (MyServer1 was shutdown after
+      request 63):
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">...
+[java] Request: 61 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer1
+[java] Request: 62 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer2
+[java] Request: 63 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer3
+[java] Request: 64 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer2
+[java] Request: 65 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer3
+[java] Request: 66 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer2
+[java] Request: 67 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer3
+...</pre>
+    <p>
+      Now restart MyServer1. You can observe that requests will be again sent to
+      all three servers roughly after 60 seconds. This is because we have
+      specified &lt;suspendDurationOnFailure&gt; as 60 seconds in the
+      configuration. Therefore, load balance endpoint will suspend any failed
+      child endpoint only for 60 seconds after detecting the failure.
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample53" id="Sample53">Sample 53: Failover sending among 3
+      endpoints</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+
+    &lt;sequence name="main" onError="errorHandler"&gt;
+        &lt;in&gt;
+            &lt;send&gt;
+                &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                    &lt;failover&gt;
+                        &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                            &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9001/soap/LBService1"&gt;
+                                &lt;enableAddressing/&gt;
+                                &lt;suspendDurationOnFailure&gt;60&lt;/suspendDurationOnFailure&gt;
+                            &lt;/address&gt;
+                        &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                        &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                            &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9002/soap/LBService1"&gt;
+                                &lt;enableAddressing/&gt;
+                                &lt;suspendDurationOnFailure&gt;60&lt;/suspendDurationOnFailure&gt;
+                            &lt;/address&gt;
+                        &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                        &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                            &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9003/soap/LBService1"&gt;
+                                &lt;enableAddressing/&gt;
+                                &lt;suspendDurationOnFailure&gt;60&lt;/suspendDurationOnFailure&gt;
+                            &lt;/address&gt;
+                        &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                    &lt;/failover&gt;
+                &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+            &lt;/send&gt;
+&lt;drop/&gt;
+        &lt;/in&gt;
+
+        &lt;out&gt;
+            &lt;!-- Send the messages where they have been sent (i.e. implicit To EPR) --&gt;
+            &lt;send/&gt;
+        &lt;/out&gt;
+    &lt;/sequence&gt;
+
+    &lt;sequence name="errorHandler"&gt;
+
+        &lt;makefault&gt;
+            &lt;code value="tns:Receiver" xmlns:tns="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"/&gt;
+            &lt;reason value="COULDN'T SEND THE MESSAGE TO THE SERVER."/&gt;
+        &lt;/makefault&gt;
+
+        &lt;header name="To" action="remove"/&gt;
+        &lt;property name="RESPONSE" value="true"/&gt;
+
+        &lt;send/&gt;
+    &lt;/sequence&gt;
+
+&lt;/definitions&gt;</pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Demonstrate the failover sending</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Start Synapse with sample configuration 53 (i.e. synapse -sample 53)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Deploy the LoadbalanceFailoverService and start three instances of sample
+      Axis2 server as mentioned in sample 52.
+    </p>
+    <p/>
+    <p>
+      Above configuration sends messages with the failover behavior. Initially
+      the server at port 9001 is treated as primary and other two are treated as
+      backups. Messages are always directed only to the primary server. If the
+      primary server has failed, next listed server is selected as the primary.
+      Thus, messages are sent successfully as long as there is at least one
+      active server. To test this, run the loadbalancefailover client to send
+      infinite requests as follows:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant loadbalancefailover</pre>
+    <p>
+      You can see that all requests are processed by MyServer1. Now shutdown
+      MyServer1 and inspect the console output of the client. You will observe
+      that all subsequent requests are processed by MyServer2.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The console output with MyServer1 shutdown after request 127 is listed
+      below:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">...
+[java] Request: 125 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer1
+[java] Request: 126 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer1
+[java] Request: 127 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer1
+[java] Request: 128 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer2
+[java] Request: 129 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer2
+[java] Request: 130 ==&gt; Response from server: MyServer2
+...</pre>
+    <p>
+      You can keep on shutting down servers like this. Client will get a
+      response till you shutdown all listed servers. Once all servers are
+      shutdown, the error sequence is activated and a fault message is sent to
+      the client as follows.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">[java] COULDN'T SEND THE MESSAGE TO THE SERVER.</pre>
+    <p>
+      Once a server is detected as failed, it will be added to the active
+      servers list again after 60 seconds (specified in &lt;suspendDurationOnFailure&gt;
+      in the configuration). Therefore, if you have restarted any of the stopped
+      servers and have shutdown all other servers, messages will be directed to
+      the newly started server.
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample54" id="Sample54">Sample 54: Session affinity load
+      balancing between 3 endpoints</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+
+    &lt;sequence name="main" onError="errorHandler"&gt;
+        &lt;in&gt;
+            &lt;send&gt;
+                &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                    &lt;!-- specify the session as the simple client session provided by Synapse for
+                    testing purpose --&gt;
+                    <strong>&lt;session type="simpleClientSession"/&gt;</strong>
+
+                    &lt;loadbalance&gt;
+                        &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                            &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9001/soap/LBService1"&gt;
+                                &lt;enableAddressing/&gt;
+                            &lt;/address&gt;
+                        &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                        &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                            &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9002/soap/LBService1"&gt;
+                                &lt;enableAddressing/&gt;
+                            &lt;/address&gt;
+                        &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                        &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                            &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9003/soap/LBService1"&gt;
+                                &lt;enableAddressing/&gt;
+                            &lt;/address&gt;
+                        &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                    &lt;/loadbalance&gt;
+                &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+            &lt;/send&gt;
+&lt;drop/&gt;
+        &lt;/in&gt;
+
+        &lt;out&gt;
+            &lt;!-- Send the messages where they have been sent (i.e. implicit To EPR) --&gt;
+            &lt;send/&gt;
+        &lt;/out&gt;
+    &lt;/sequence&gt;
+
+    &lt;sequence name="errorHandler"&gt;
+
+        &lt;makefault&gt;
+            &lt;code value="tns:Receiver" xmlns:tns="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"/&gt;
+            &lt;reason value="COULDN'T SEND THE MESSAGE TO THE SERVER."/&gt;
+        &lt;/makefault&gt;
+
+        &lt;header name="To" action="remove"/&gt;
+        &lt;property name="RESPONSE" value="true"/&gt;
+
+        &lt;send/&gt;
+    &lt;/sequence&gt;
+
+&lt;/definitions&gt;</pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Demonstrate the loadbalancing with session affinity
+      using client initiated sessions</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Start Synapse with sample configuration 54 (i.e. synapse -sample 54).
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Deploy the LoadbalanceFailoverService and start three instances of the
+      sample Axis2 server as in sample 52.
+    </p>
+    <p/>
+    <p>
+      Above configuration is same as the load balancing configuration in sample
+      52, except that the session type is specified as "simpleClientSession".
+      This is a client initiated session, which means that the client generates
+      the session identifier and sends it with each request. In this sample
+      session type, client adds a SOAP header named ClientID containing the
+      identifier of the client. Synapse binds this ID with a server on the first
+      request and sends all successive requests containing that ID to the same
+      server. Now switch to samples/axis2Client directory and run the client
+      using the following command to check this in action.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant loadbalancefailover -Dmode=session</pre>
+    <p>
+      In the session mode, client continuously sends requests with three different
+      client (session) IDs. One ID is selected among these three IDs for each
+      request randomly. Then client prints the session ID with the responded
+      server for each request. Client output for the first 10 requests are shown
+      below.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">[java] Request: 1 Session number: 1 Response from server: MyServer3
+[java] Request: 2 Session number: 2 Response from server: MyServer2
+[java] Request: 3 Session number: 0 Response from server: MyServer1
+[java] Request: 4 Session number: 2 Response from server: MyServer2
+[java] Request: 5 Session number: 1 Response from server: MyServer3
+[java] Request: 6 Session number: 2 Response from server: MyServer2
+[java] Request: 7 Session number: 2 Response from server: MyServer2
+[java] Request: 8 Session number: 1 Response from server: MyServer3
+[java] Request: 9 Session number: 0 Response from server: MyServer1
+[java] Request: 10 Session number: 0 Response from server: MyServer1
+... </pre>
+    <p>
+      You can see that session number 0 is always directed to the server named
+      MyServer1. That means session number 0 is bound to MyServer1. Similarly
+      session 1 and 2 are bound to MyServer3 and MyServer2 respectively.
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      <a name="Sample55" id="Sample55">Sample 55: Session affinity load
+      balancing between fail over endpoints</a>
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">&lt;definitions xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"&gt;
+
+    &lt;sequence name="main" onError="errorHandler"&gt;
+        &lt;in&gt;
+            &lt;send&gt;
+                &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                    &lt;!-- specify the session as the simple client session provided by Synapse for
+                    testing purpose --&gt;
+                    <strong>&lt;session type="simpleClientSession"/&gt;</strong>
+
+                    &lt;loadbalance&gt;
+                        &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                            &lt;failover&gt;
+                                &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                                    &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9001/soap/LBService1"&gt;
+                                        &lt;enableAddressing/&gt;
+                                    &lt;/address&gt;
+                                &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                                &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                                    &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9002/soap/LBService1"&gt;
+                                        &lt;enableAddressing/&gt;
+                                    &lt;/address&gt;
+                                &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                            &lt;/failover&gt;
+                        &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                        &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                            &lt;failover&gt;
+                                &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                                    &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9003/soap/LBService1"&gt;
+                                        &lt;enableAddressing/&gt;
+                                    &lt;/address&gt;
+                                &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                                &lt;endpoint&gt;
+                                    &lt;address uri="http://localhost:9004/soap/LBService1"&gt;
+                                        &lt;enableAddressing/&gt;
+                                    &lt;/address&gt;
+                                &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                            &lt;/failover&gt;
+                        &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+                    &lt;/loadbalance&gt;
+                &lt;/endpoint&gt;
+            &lt;/send&gt;
+&lt;drop/&gt;
+        &lt;/in&gt;
+
+        &lt;out&gt;
+            &lt;!-- Send the messages where they have been sent (i.e. implicit To EPR) --&gt;
+            &lt;send/&gt;
+        &lt;/out&gt;
+    &lt;/sequence&gt;
+
+    &lt;sequence name="errorHandler"&gt;
+
+        &lt;makefault&gt;
+            &lt;code value="tns:Receiver" xmlns:tns="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope"/&gt;
+            &lt;reason value="COULDN'T SEND THE MESSAGE TO THE SERVER."/&gt;
+        &lt;/makefault&gt;
+
+        &lt;header name="To" action="remove"/&gt;
+        &lt;property name="RESPONSE" value="true"/&gt;
+
+        &lt;send/&gt;
+    &lt;/sequence&gt;
+
+&lt;/definitions&gt;</pre>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Objective: Demonstrate the session affinity based load
+      balancing with failover capability</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <strong>Prerequisites:</strong>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Start Synapse with sample configuration 55 (i.e. synapse -sample 55).
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Deploy the LoadbalanceFailoverService and start four sample Axis2 servers
+      on HTTP ports 9001, 9002, 9003 and 9004 respectively (make sure to specify
+      non-conflicting HTTPS ports).
+    </p>
+    <p/>
+    <p>
+      This configuration also uses "simpleClientSession" to bind sessions as in
+      the previous sample. But failover endpoints are specified as the child
+      endpoints of the load balance endpoint. Therefore sessions are bound to
+      the failover endpoints. Session information has to be replicated among the
+      servers listed under each failover endpoint using some clustering
+      mechanism. Therefore, if one endpoint bound to a session failed,
+      successive requets for that session will be directed to the next endpoint
+      in that failover group. Run the client using the following command to
+      observe this behaviour.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">ant loadbalancefailover -Dmode=session</pre>
+    <p>
+      You can see a client output as shown below.
+    </p>

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