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Posted to commits@commons.apache.org by er...@apache.org on 2019/05/31 12:15:48 UTC

[commons-numbers] branch master updated (7e5a4b9 -> 6149601)

This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.

erans pushed a change to branch master
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-numbers.git.


    from 7e5a4b9  Merge branch 'NUMBERS-103__karl'
     new 9b7a1cb  [NUMBERS-108] - Cleaning up Checkstyle reported issues
     new 7e37485  Merge branch 'NUMBERS-108__karl'
     new 4544f88  [NUMBERS-109] - Cleanup pom files
     new 6149601  Merge branch 'NUMBERS-109__karl'

The 4 revisions listed above as "new" are entirely new to this
repository and will be described in separate emails.  The revisions
listed as "add" were already present in the repository and have only
been added to this reference.


Summary of changes:
 commons-numbers-angle/pom.xml                      |  2 --
 commons-numbers-arrays/pom.xml                     |  4 +--
 .../apache/commons/numbers/arrays/CosAngle.java    |  5 +++
 commons-numbers-combinatorics/pom.xml              |  6 ++--
 .../numbers/combinatorics/BinomialCoefficient.java |  5 +++
 .../combinatorics/BinomialCoefficientDouble.java   |  5 +++
 .../commons/numbers/combinatorics/Factorial.java   |  5 +++
 .../combinatorics/LogBinomialCoefficient.java      |  5 +++
 commons-numbers-complex-streams/pom.xml            |  2 --
 commons-numbers-complex/pom.xml                    |  2 --
 commons-numbers-core/pom.xml                       |  2 --
 .../commons/numbers/core/ArithmeticUtils.java      | 36 +++++++++++++---------
 commons-numbers-field/pom.xml                      |  2 --
 commons-numbers-fraction/pom.xml                   |  2 --
 commons-numbers-gamma/pom.xml                      |  4 +--
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Digamma.java  |  5 +++
 .../java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Erf.java |  5 +++
 .../commons/numbers/gamma/ErfDifference.java       |  5 +++
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Erfc.java     |  5 +++
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Gamma.java    |  5 +++
 .../apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InvGamma1pm1.java |  5 +++
 .../apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InverseErf.java   |  5 +++
 .../apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InverseErfc.java  |  5 +++
 .../numbers/gamma/LanczosApproximation.java        |  5 +++
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogBeta.java  |  7 +++++
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGamma.java |  5 +++
 .../apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGamma1p.java   |  5 +++
 .../apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGammaSum.java  |  5 +++
 .../commons/numbers/gamma/RegularizedBeta.java     |  5 +++
 .../commons/numbers/gamma/RegularizedGamma.java    |  5 +++
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Trigamma.java |  5 +++
 commons-numbers-primes/pom.xml                     |  2 --
 commons-numbers-quaternion/pom.xml                 |  2 --
 dist-archive/pom.xml                               | 20 ++++++------
 34 files changed, 142 insertions(+), 51 deletions(-)


[commons-numbers] 02/04: [NUMBERS-109] - Cleanup pom files

Posted by er...@apache.org.
This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.

erans pushed a commit to branch master
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-numbers.git

commit 4544f88c82831d948509e32eb453b7e83ca54ebe
Author: Karl Heinz Marbaise <kh...@apache.org>
AuthorDate: Thu May 30 19:56:49 2019 +0200

    [NUMBERS-109] - Cleanup pom files
---
 commons-numbers-angle/pom.xml           |  2 --
 commons-numbers-arrays/pom.xml          |  4 +---
 commons-numbers-combinatorics/pom.xml   |  6 ++----
 commons-numbers-complex-streams/pom.xml |  2 --
 commons-numbers-complex/pom.xml         |  2 --
 commons-numbers-core/pom.xml            |  2 --
 commons-numbers-field/pom.xml           |  2 --
 commons-numbers-fraction/pom.xml        |  2 --
 commons-numbers-gamma/pom.xml           |  4 +---
 commons-numbers-primes/pom.xml          |  2 --
 commons-numbers-quaternion/pom.xml      |  2 --
 dist-archive/pom.xml                    | 20 +++++++++-----------
 12 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commons-numbers-angle/pom.xml b/commons-numbers-angle/pom.xml
index 507713a..7493383 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-angle/pom.xml
+++ b/commons-numbers-angle/pom.xml
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
 
-  <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-numbers-angle</artifactId>
-  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>Apache Commons Numbers Angle</name>
 
   <description>Utilities related to the concept of angle.</description>
diff --git a/commons-numbers-arrays/pom.xml b/commons-numbers-arrays/pom.xml
index 4baecd0..53ffa2d 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-arrays/pom.xml
+++ b/commons-numbers-arrays/pom.xml
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
 
-  <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-numbers-arrays</artifactId>
-  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>Apache Commons Numbers Arrays</name>
 
   <description>Array utilities.</description>
@@ -53,7 +51,7 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-numbers-fraction</artifactId>
-      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
   </dependencies>
diff --git a/commons-numbers-combinatorics/pom.xml b/commons-numbers-combinatorics/pom.xml
index f619a71..52fb9dc 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-combinatorics/pom.xml
+++ b/commons-numbers-combinatorics/pom.xml
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
 
-  <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-numbers-combinatorics</artifactId>
-  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>Apache Commons Numbers Combinatorics</name>
 
   <description>Combinatorics utilities such as factorial and binomial coefficients.</description>
@@ -46,13 +44,13 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-numbers-gamma</artifactId>
-      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
     </dependency>
 
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-numbers-core</artifactId>
-      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
     </dependency>
   </dependencies>
 
diff --git a/commons-numbers-complex-streams/pom.xml b/commons-numbers-complex-streams/pom.xml
index f388537..ee5b0ce 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-complex-streams/pom.xml
+++ b/commons-numbers-complex-streams/pom.xml
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
 
-  <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-numbers-complex-streams</artifactId>
-  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>Apache Commons Numbers Complex Streams</name>
 
   <description>Arrays, streams and collections of complex numbers.</description>
diff --git a/commons-numbers-complex/pom.xml b/commons-numbers-complex/pom.xml
index 3fec4ba..30c93a0 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-complex/pom.xml
+++ b/commons-numbers-complex/pom.xml
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
 
-  <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-numbers-complex</artifactId>
-  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>Apache Commons Numbers Complex</name>
 
   <description>Complex numbers.</description>
diff --git a/commons-numbers-core/pom.xml b/commons-numbers-core/pom.xml
index 76c2512..007d77e 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-core/pom.xml
+++ b/commons-numbers-core/pom.xml
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
 
-  <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-numbers-core</artifactId>
-  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>Apache Commons Numbers Core</name>
 
   <description>Basic utilities.</description>
diff --git a/commons-numbers-field/pom.xml b/commons-numbers-field/pom.xml
index 5295443..fb30daa 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-field/pom.xml
+++ b/commons-numbers-field/pom.xml
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
 
-  <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-numbers-field</artifactId>
-  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>Apache Commons Numbers Field</name>
 
   <description>Utilities related to the concept of field.</description>
diff --git a/commons-numbers-fraction/pom.xml b/commons-numbers-fraction/pom.xml
index a52d404..fdb1eb5 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-fraction/pom.xml
+++ b/commons-numbers-fraction/pom.xml
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
 
-  <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-numbers-fraction</artifactId>
-  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>Apache Commons Numbers Fraction</name>
 
   <description>Fraction utilities.</description>
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/pom.xml b/commons-numbers-gamma/pom.xml
index 0789505..fdc5dd2 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/pom.xml
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/pom.xml
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
 
-  <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-numbers-gamma</artifactId>
-  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>Apache Commons Numbers Gamma</name>
 
   <description>Gamma family of functions.</description>
@@ -46,7 +44,7 @@
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-numbers-fraction</artifactId>
-      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
     </dependency>
   </dependencies>
 
diff --git a/commons-numbers-primes/pom.xml b/commons-numbers-primes/pom.xml
index 758afa3..46e164d 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-primes/pom.xml
+++ b/commons-numbers-primes/pom.xml
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
 
-  <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-numbers-primes</artifactId>
-  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>Apache Commons Numbers Primes</name>
 
   <description>Utilities related to prime numbers.</description>
diff --git a/commons-numbers-quaternion/pom.xml b/commons-numbers-quaternion/pom.xml
index 1817528..3893229 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-quaternion/pom.xml
+++ b/commons-numbers-quaternion/pom.xml
@@ -26,9 +26,7 @@
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
 
-  <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-numbers-quaternion</artifactId>
-  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>Apache Commons Numbers Quaternion</name>
 
   <description>Quaternion numbers.</description>
diff --git a/dist-archive/pom.xml b/dist-archive/pom.xml
index c0096cd..b1e6e2f 100644
--- a/dist-archive/pom.xml
+++ b/dist-archive/pom.xml
@@ -28,9 +28,7 @@ under the License.
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
 
-  <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-numbers</artifactId>
-  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <packaging>pom</packaging>
   <name>Apache Commons Numbers (full distribution)</name>
   <description>This module creates the Apache Commons Numbers distribution.</description>
@@ -41,18 +39,18 @@ under the License.
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-numbers-core</artifactId>
-      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-numbers-core</artifactId>
-      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
       <classifier>sources</classifier>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-numbers-core</artifactId>
-      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
       <classifier>javadoc</classifier>
     </dependency>
 
@@ -60,18 +58,18 @@ under the License.
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-numbers-complex</artifactId>
-      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-numbers-complex</artifactId>
-      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
       <classifier>sources</classifier>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-numbers-complex</artifactId>
-      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
       <classifier>javadoc</classifier>
     </dependency>
 
@@ -79,18 +77,18 @@ under the License.
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-numbers-quaternion</artifactId>
-      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-numbers-quaternion</artifactId>
-      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
       <classifier>sources</classifier>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-numbers-quaternion</artifactId>
-      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+      <version>${project.version}</version>
       <classifier>javadoc</classifier>
     </dependency>
 


[commons-numbers] 03/04: Merge branch 'NUMBERS-108__karl'

Posted by er...@apache.org.
This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.

erans pushed a commit to branch master
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-numbers.git

commit 7e37485db5f9731ed2988011e9b9debb0ec73367
Merge: 7e5a4b9 9b7a1cb
Author: Gilles Sadowski <gi...@harfang.homelinux.org>
AuthorDate: Fri May 31 14:02:12 2019 +0200

    Merge branch 'NUMBERS-108__karl'
    
    Closes #42.

 .../apache/commons/numbers/arrays/CosAngle.java    |  5 +++
 .../numbers/combinatorics/BinomialCoefficient.java |  5 +++
 .../combinatorics/BinomialCoefficientDouble.java   |  5 +++
 .../commons/numbers/combinatorics/Factorial.java   |  5 +++
 .../combinatorics/LogBinomialCoefficient.java      |  5 +++
 .../commons/numbers/core/ArithmeticUtils.java      | 36 +++++++++++++---------
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Digamma.java  |  5 +++
 .../java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Erf.java |  5 +++
 .../commons/numbers/gamma/ErfDifference.java       |  5 +++
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Erfc.java     |  5 +++
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Gamma.java    |  5 +++
 .../apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InvGamma1pm1.java |  5 +++
 .../apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InverseErf.java   |  5 +++
 .../apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InverseErfc.java  |  5 +++
 .../numbers/gamma/LanczosApproximation.java        |  5 +++
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogBeta.java  |  7 +++++
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGamma.java |  5 +++
 .../apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGamma1p.java   |  5 +++
 .../apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGammaSum.java  |  5 +++
 .../commons/numbers/gamma/RegularizedBeta.java     |  5 +++
 .../commons/numbers/gamma/RegularizedGamma.java    |  5 +++
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Trigamma.java |  5 +++
 22 files changed, 129 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)


[commons-numbers] 04/04: Merge branch 'NUMBERS-109__karl'

Posted by er...@apache.org.
This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.

erans pushed a commit to branch master
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-numbers.git

commit 61496013f022ad847e68ba463a3e1cf0f46bad5a
Merge: 7e37485 4544f88
Author: Gilles Sadowski <gi...@harfang.homelinux.org>
AuthorDate: Fri May 31 14:05:05 2019 +0200

    Merge branch 'NUMBERS-109__karl'
    
    Closes #43.

 commons-numbers-angle/pom.xml           |  2 --
 commons-numbers-arrays/pom.xml          |  4 +---
 commons-numbers-combinatorics/pom.xml   |  6 ++----
 commons-numbers-complex-streams/pom.xml |  2 --
 commons-numbers-complex/pom.xml         |  2 --
 commons-numbers-core/pom.xml            |  2 --
 commons-numbers-field/pom.xml           |  2 --
 commons-numbers-fraction/pom.xml        |  2 --
 commons-numbers-gamma/pom.xml           |  4 +---
 commons-numbers-primes/pom.xml          |  2 --
 commons-numbers-quaternion/pom.xml      |  2 --
 dist-archive/pom.xml                    | 20 +++++++++-----------
 12 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)


[commons-numbers] 01/04: [NUMBERS-108] - Cleaning up Checkstyle reported issues

Posted by er...@apache.org.
This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.

erans pushed a commit to branch master
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-numbers.git

commit 9b7a1cb34645e041341efa03e96f2f29d62bb4f4
Author: Karl Heinz Marbaise <kh...@apache.org>
AuthorDate: Thu May 30 19:13:07 2019 +0200

    [NUMBERS-108] - Cleaning up Checkstyle reported issues
---
 .../apache/commons/numbers/arrays/CosAngle.java    |  5 +++
 .../numbers/combinatorics/BinomialCoefficient.java |  5 +++
 .../combinatorics/BinomialCoefficientDouble.java   |  5 +++
 .../commons/numbers/combinatorics/Factorial.java   |  5 +++
 .../combinatorics/LogBinomialCoefficient.java      |  5 +++
 .../commons/numbers/core/ArithmeticUtils.java      | 36 +++++++++++++---------
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Digamma.java  |  5 +++
 .../java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Erf.java |  5 +++
 .../commons/numbers/gamma/ErfDifference.java       |  5 +++
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Erfc.java     |  5 +++
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Gamma.java    |  5 +++
 .../apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InvGamma1pm1.java |  5 +++
 .../apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InverseErf.java   |  5 +++
 .../apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InverseErfc.java  |  5 +++
 .../numbers/gamma/LanczosApproximation.java        |  5 +++
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogBeta.java  |  7 +++++
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGamma.java |  5 +++
 .../apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGamma1p.java   |  5 +++
 .../apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGammaSum.java  |  5 +++
 .../commons/numbers/gamma/RegularizedBeta.java     |  5 +++
 .../commons/numbers/gamma/RegularizedGamma.java    |  5 +++
 .../org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Trigamma.java |  5 +++
 22 files changed, 129 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commons-numbers-arrays/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/arrays/CosAngle.java b/commons-numbers-arrays/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/arrays/CosAngle.java
index 58e5f51..f20debf 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-arrays/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/arrays/CosAngle.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-arrays/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/arrays/CosAngle.java
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.arrays;
  * Computes the cosine of the angle between two vectors.
  */
 public class CosAngle {
+
+    private CosAngle() {
+        // intentionally empty.
+    }
+
     /**
      * Computes the cosine of the angle between {@code v1} and {@code v2}.
      *
diff --git a/commons-numbers-combinatorics/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/combinatorics/BinomialCoefficient.java b/commons-numbers-combinatorics/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/combinatorics/BinomialCoefficient.java
index 6da5a7d..e44e01e 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-combinatorics/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/combinatorics/BinomialCoefficient.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-combinatorics/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/combinatorics/BinomialCoefficient.java
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ import org.apache.commons.numbers.core.ArithmeticUtils;
  * can be selected from an {@code n}-element set.
  */
 public class BinomialCoefficient {
+
+    private BinomialCoefficient() {
+        // intentionally empty.
+    }
+
     /**
      * Computes de binomial coefficient.
      * The largest value of {@code n} for which all coefficients can
diff --git a/commons-numbers-combinatorics/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/combinatorics/BinomialCoefficientDouble.java b/commons-numbers-combinatorics/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/combinatorics/BinomialCoefficientDouble.java
index 609b13e..404a56e 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-combinatorics/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/combinatorics/BinomialCoefficientDouble.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-combinatorics/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/combinatorics/BinomialCoefficientDouble.java
@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.combinatorics;
  * can be selected from an {@code n}-element set.
  */
 public class BinomialCoefficientDouble {
+
+    private BinomialCoefficientDouble() {
+        // intentionally empty.
+    }
+
     /**
      * Computes de binomial coefficient.
      * The largest value of {@code n} for which all coefficients can
diff --git a/commons-numbers-combinatorics/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/combinatorics/Factorial.java b/commons-numbers-combinatorics/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/combinatorics/Factorial.java
index 714830e..78d2983 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-combinatorics/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/combinatorics/Factorial.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-combinatorics/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/combinatorics/Factorial.java
@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.combinatorics;
  * <a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Factorial.html">Factorial of a number</a>.
  */
 public class Factorial {
+
+    private Factorial() {
+        // intentionally empty.
+    }
+
     /** All long-representable factorials */
     static final long[] FACTORIALS = new long[] {
                        1L,                  1L,                   2L,
diff --git a/commons-numbers-combinatorics/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/combinatorics/LogBinomialCoefficient.java b/commons-numbers-combinatorics/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/combinatorics/LogBinomialCoefficient.java
index d943fae..993c577 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-combinatorics/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/combinatorics/LogBinomialCoefficient.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-combinatorics/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/combinatorics/LogBinomialCoefficient.java
@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.combinatorics;
  * can be selected from an {@code n}-element set.
  */
 public class LogBinomialCoefficient {
+
+    private LogBinomialCoefficient() {
+        // intentionally empty.
+    }
+
     /**
      * Computes the logarithm of the binomial coefficient.
      * The largest value of {@code n} for which all coefficients can
diff --git a/commons-numbers-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/core/ArithmeticUtils.java b/commons-numbers-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/core/ArithmeticUtils.java
index 36a84f5..aa1bb7b 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/core/ArithmeticUtils.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-core/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/core/ArithmeticUtils.java
@@ -26,6 +26,14 @@ import java.text.MessageFormat;
  */
 public final class ArithmeticUtils {
 
+    private static final String OVERFLOW_IN_ADDITION_MESSAGE = "overflow in addition: {0} + {1}";
+    private static final String OVERFLOW_GCD_MESSAGE_2_POWER_31 = "overflow: gcd({0}, {1}) is 2^31";
+    private static final String OVERFLOW_GCD_MESSAGE_2_POWER_63 = "overflow: gcd({0}, {1}) is 2^63";
+    private static final String OVERFLOW_IN_SUBTRACTION_MESSAGE = "overflow in subtraction: {0} + {1}";
+
+    private static final String NEGATIVE_EXPONENT_1 = "negative exponent ({";
+    private static final String NEGATIVE_EXPONENT_2 = "})";
+
     /** Private constructor. */
     private ArithmeticUtils() {
         super();
@@ -43,7 +51,7 @@ public final class ArithmeticUtils {
     public static int addAndCheck(int x, int y) {
         long s = (long)x + (long)y;
         if (s < Integer.MIN_VALUE || s > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
-            throw new NumbersArithmeticException("overflow in addition: {0} + {1}", x, y);
+            throw new NumbersArithmeticException(OVERFLOW_IN_ADDITION_MESSAGE, x, y);
         }
         return (int)s;
     }
@@ -57,7 +65,7 @@ public final class ArithmeticUtils {
      * @throws ArithmeticException if the result can not be represented as an long
      */
     public static long addAndCheck(long a, long b) {
-        return addAndCheck(a, b, "overflow in addition: {0} + {1}");
+        return addAndCheck(a, b, OVERFLOW_IN_ADDITION_MESSAGE);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -94,7 +102,7 @@ public final class ArithmeticUtils {
             b == 0) {
             if (a == Integer.MIN_VALUE ||
                 b == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
-                throw new NumbersArithmeticException("overflow: gcd({0}, {1}) is 2^31",
+                throw new NumbersArithmeticException(OVERFLOW_GCD_MESSAGE_2_POWER_31,
                                                   p, q);
             }
             return Math.abs(a + b);
@@ -121,7 +129,7 @@ public final class ArithmeticUtils {
         }
         if (useLong) {
             if(al == bl) {
-                throw new NumbersArithmeticException("overflow: gcd({0}, {1}) is 2^31",
+                throw new NumbersArithmeticException(OVERFLOW_GCD_MESSAGE_2_POWER_31,
                                                   p, q);
             }
             long blbu = bl;
@@ -129,7 +137,7 @@ public final class ArithmeticUtils {
             al = blbu % al;
             if (al == 0) {
                 if (bl > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
-                    throw new NumbersArithmeticException("overflow: gcd({0}, {1}) is 2^31",
+                    throw new NumbersArithmeticException(OVERFLOW_GCD_MESSAGE_2_POWER_31,
                                                       p, q);
                 }
                 return (int) bl;
@@ -231,7 +239,7 @@ public final class ArithmeticUtils {
         long v = q;
         if ((u == 0) || (v == 0)) {
             if ((u == Long.MIN_VALUE) || (v == Long.MIN_VALUE)){
-                throw new NumbersArithmeticException("overflow: gcd({0}, {1}) is 2^63",
+                throw new NumbersArithmeticException(OVERFLOW_GCD_MESSAGE_2_POWER_63,
                                                   p, q);
             }
             return Math.abs(u) + Math.abs(v);
@@ -256,7 +264,7 @@ public final class ArithmeticUtils {
             k++; // cast out twos.
         }
         if (k == 63) {
-            throw new NumbersArithmeticException("overflow: gcd({0}, {1}) is 2^63",
+            throw new NumbersArithmeticException(OVERFLOW_GCD_MESSAGE_2_POWER_63,
                                               p, q);
         }
         // B2. Initialize: u and v have been divided by 2^k and at least
@@ -452,11 +460,11 @@ public final class ArithmeticUtils {
             if (a < 0) {
                 ret = a - b;
             } else {
-                throw new NumbersArithmeticException("overflow in subtraction: {0} + {1}", a, -b);
+                throw new NumbersArithmeticException(OVERFLOW_IN_SUBTRACTION_MESSAGE, a, -b);
             }
         } else {
             // use additive inverse
-            ret = addAndCheck(a, -b, "overflow in subtraction: {0} + {1}");
+            ret = addAndCheck(a, -b, OVERFLOW_IN_SUBTRACTION_MESSAGE);
         }
         return ret;
     }
@@ -473,7 +481,7 @@ public final class ArithmeticUtils {
     public static int pow(final int k,
                           final int e) {
         if (e < 0) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("negative exponent ({" + e + "})");
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(NEGATIVE_EXPONENT_1 + e + NEGATIVE_EXPONENT_2);
         }
 
         int exp = e;
@@ -507,7 +515,7 @@ public final class ArithmeticUtils {
     public static long pow(final long k,
                            final int e) {
         if (e < 0) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("negative exponent ({" + e + "})");
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(NEGATIVE_EXPONENT_1 + e + NEGATIVE_EXPONENT_2);
         }
 
         int exp = e;
@@ -539,7 +547,7 @@ public final class ArithmeticUtils {
      */
     public static BigInteger pow(final BigInteger k, int e) {
         if (e < 0) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("negative exponent ({" + e + "})");
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(NEGATIVE_EXPONENT_1 + e + NEGATIVE_EXPONENT_2);
         }
 
         return k.pow(e);
@@ -555,7 +563,7 @@ public final class ArithmeticUtils {
      */
     public static BigInteger pow(final BigInteger k, long e) {
         if (e < 0) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("negative exponent ({" + e + "})");
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(NEGATIVE_EXPONENT_1 + e + NEGATIVE_EXPONENT_2);
         }
 
         BigInteger result = BigInteger.ONE;
@@ -582,7 +590,7 @@ public final class ArithmeticUtils {
      */
     public static BigInteger pow(final BigInteger k, BigInteger e) {
         if (e.compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) < 0) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("negative exponent ({" + e + "})");
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(NEGATIVE_EXPONENT_1 + e + NEGATIVE_EXPONENT_2);
         }
 
         BigInteger result = BigInteger.ONE;
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Digamma.java b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Digamma.java
index 24d329e..f6867c1 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Digamma.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Digamma.java
@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.gamma;
  * @see Gamma
  */
 public class Digamma {
+
+    private Digamma() {
+        // intentional empty.
+    }
+
     /** <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler-Mascheroni_constant">Euler-Mascheroni constant</a>. */
     private static final double GAMMA = 0.577215664901532860606512090082;
     /** C limit. */
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Erf.java b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Erf.java
index 5bef7d8..2795398 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Erf.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Erf.java
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.gamma;
  * <a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Erf.html">Error function</a>.
  */
 public class Erf {
+
+    private Erf() {
+        // intenitonal empty.
+    }
+
     /**
      * <p>
      * This implementation computes erf(x) using the
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/ErfDifference.java b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/ErfDifference.java
index 31e1f59..636dd49 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/ErfDifference.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/ErfDifference.java
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.gamma;
  * Computes the difference between {@link Erf error function values}.
  */
 public class ErfDifference {
+
+    private ErfDifference() {
+        // intentionally empty.
+    }
+
     /**
      * This number solves {@code erf(x) = 0.5} within 1 ulp.
      * More precisely, the current implementations of
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Erfc.java b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Erfc.java
index 6eea0f9..54e8550 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Erfc.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Erfc.java
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.gamma;
  * <a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Erfc.html">Complementary error function</a>.
  */
 public class Erfc {
+
+    private Erfc() {
+        // intentionally empty.
+    }
+
     /**
      * <p>
      * This implementation computes erfc(x) using the
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Gamma.java b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Gamma.java
index 3fbb838..dc26f28 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Gamma.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Gamma.java
@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.gamma;
  * </p>
  */
 public class Gamma {
+
+    private Gamma() {
+        // intentionally empty.
+    }
+
     /** &radic;(2&pi;). */
     private static final double SQRT_TWO_PI = 2.506628274631000502;
 
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InvGamma1pm1.java b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InvGamma1pm1.java
index ab1d77b..f936c7c 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InvGamma1pm1.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InvGamma1pm1.java
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.gamma;
  * Class is immutable.
  */
 class InvGamma1pm1 {
+
+    private InvGamma1pm1() {
+        // intentionally empty.
+    }
+
     /*
      * Constants copied from DGAM1 in the NSWC library.
      */
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InverseErf.java b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InverseErf.java
index b149fa5..8295800 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InverseErf.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InverseErf.java
@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.gamma;
  * </p>
  */
 public class InverseErf {
+
+    private InverseErf() {
+        // intentionally empty.
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns the inverse error function.
      *
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InverseErfc.java b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InverseErfc.java
index e1a4359..92ff0ea 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InverseErfc.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/InverseErfc.java
@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.gamma;
  * </p>
  */
 public class InverseErfc {
+
+    private InverseErfc() {
+        // intentional empty.
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns the inverse complementary error function.
      *
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LanczosApproximation.java b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LanczosApproximation.java
index e95c831..f2dc5ee 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LanczosApproximation.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LanczosApproximation.java
@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.gamma;
  * of the convergent Lanczos complex Gamma approximation</a>.
  */
 public class LanczosApproximation {
+
+    private LanczosApproximation() {
+        // intentional empty.
+    }
+
     /** \( g = \frac{607}{128} \). */
     private static final double LANCZOS_G = 607d / 128d;
     /** Lanczos coefficients. */
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogBeta.java b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogBeta.java
index a1fd6ac..11b2b27 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogBeta.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogBeta.java
@@ -23,6 +23,13 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.gamma;
  * </p>
  */
 public class LogBeta {
+
+    /** Private constructor. */
+    private LogBeta() {
+        // intentional empty.
+    }
+
+
     /** The constant value of ½log 2π. */
     private static final double HALF_LOG_TWO_PI = 0.9189385332046727;
 
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGamma.java b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGamma.java
index f58a3bc..d50f06b 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGamma.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGamma.java
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.gamma;
  * Class is immutable.
  */
 public class LogGamma {
+
+    private LogGamma() {
+        // intentionally empty.
+    }
+
     /** Lanczos constant. */
     private static final double LANCZOS_G = 607d / 128d;
     /** Performance. */
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGamma1p.java b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGamma1p.java
index 3a9753d..74b2935 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGamma1p.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGamma1p.java
@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.gamma;
  * Class is immutable.
  */
 class LogGamma1p {
+
+    private LogGamma1p() {
+        // intentionally empty
+    }
+
     /**
      * Computes the function \( \ln \Gamma(1 + x) \) for \( -0.5 \leq x \leq 1.5 \).
      *
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGammaSum.java b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGammaSum.java
index 07405aa..5d957fd 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGammaSum.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/LogGammaSum.java
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.gamma;
  * </p>
  */
 class LogGammaSum {
+
+    private LogGammaSum() {
+        // intentionally empty
+    }
+
     /**
      * Computes the value of log Γ(a + b) for 1 ≤ a, b ≤ 2.
      * Based on the <em>NSWC Library of Mathematics Subroutines</em>
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/RegularizedBeta.java b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/RegularizedBeta.java
index f54effe..61f6218 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/RegularizedBeta.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/RegularizedBeta.java
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ import org.apache.commons.numbers.fraction.ContinuedFraction;
  * </p>
  */
 public class RegularizedBeta {
+
+    private RegularizedBeta() {
+        // intentionally empty.
+    }
+
     /** Maximum allowed numerical error. */
     private static final double DEFAULT_EPSILON = 1e-14;
 
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/RegularizedGamma.java b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/RegularizedGamma.java
index 1aae5f3..9fa1ad8 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/RegularizedGamma.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/RegularizedGamma.java
@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ import org.apache.commons.numbers.fraction.ContinuedFraction;
  * Class is immutable.
  */
 public class RegularizedGamma {
+
+    private RegularizedGamma() {
+        // intentionally empty.
+    }
+
     /** Maximum allowed numerical error. */
     private static final double DEFAULT_EPSILON = 1e-15;
 
diff --git a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Trigamma.java b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Trigamma.java
index 3c8242e..7ea4add 100644
--- a/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Trigamma.java
+++ b/commons-numbers-gamma/src/main/java/org/apache/commons/numbers/gamma/Trigamma.java
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@ package org.apache.commons.numbers.gamma;
  * \( \psi_1(x) = \frac{d^2}{dx^2} (\ln \Gamma(x)) \).
  */
 public class Trigamma {
+
+    private Trigamma() {
+        // intentional empty.
+    }
+
     /** C limit. */
     private static final double C_LIMIT = 49;
     /** S limit. */