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Posted to commits@commons.apache.org by ma...@apache.org on 2023/09/04 01:04:14 UTC

[commons-geometry] 13/25: GEOMETRY-144

This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.

mattjuntunen pushed a commit to branch master
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/commons-geometry.git

commit f9ce7661ce99182814c2766a53a2bc1a6701ee28
Author: Andreas Goß <an...@gmail.com>
AuthorDate: Thu Jul 20 22:26:46 2023 +0200

    GEOMETRY-144
    
    Delete unnecessary abstract parent class and move tests to
    ConvexHullBuilderTest
---
 .../euclidean/twod/hull/ConvexHullBuilderTest.java | 499 ++++++++++++++++++-
 .../hull/ConvexHullGenerator2DAbstractTest.java    | 532 ---------------------
 2 files changed, 495 insertions(+), 536 deletions(-)

diff --git a/commons-geometry-euclidean/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/geometry/euclidean/twod/hull/ConvexHullBuilderTest.java b/commons-geometry-euclidean/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/geometry/euclidean/twod/hull/ConvexHullBuilderTest.java
index d15c72b2..735f4767 100644
--- a/commons-geometry-euclidean/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/geometry/euclidean/twod/hull/ConvexHullBuilderTest.java
+++ b/commons-geometry-euclidean/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/geometry/euclidean/twod/hull/ConvexHullBuilderTest.java
@@ -18,20 +18,41 @@ package org.apache.commons.geometry.euclidean.twod.hull;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
 
+import org.apache.commons.geometry.core.Region;
+import org.apache.commons.geometry.core.RegionLocation;
+import org.apache.commons.geometry.euclidean.twod.ConvexArea;
 import org.apache.commons.geometry.euclidean.twod.Vector2D;
+import org.apache.commons.geometry.euclidean.twod.hull.ConvexHull2D.Builder;
 import org.apache.commons.numbers.core.Precision;
+import org.apache.commons.numbers.core.Sum;
+import org.apache.commons.rng.UniformRandomProvider;
+import org.apache.commons.rng.simple.RandomSource;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 /**
  * Test class for MonotoneChain.
  */
-class ConvexHullBuilderTest extends ConvexHullGenerator2DAbstractTest {
+class ConvexHullBuilderTest {
 
-    @Override
-    protected ConvexHull2D.Builder createConvexHullGenerator(final boolean includeCollinearPoints) {
-        return new ConvexHull2D.Builder(includeCollinearPoints, TEST_PRECISION);
+    private static final double TEST_EPS = 1e-10;
+
+    private static final Precision.DoubleEquivalence TEST_PRECISION =
+            Precision.doubleEquivalenceOfEpsilon(TEST_EPS);
+
+    private ConvexHull2D.Builder generator;
+
+    private UniformRandomProvider random;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    public void setUp() {
+        // by default, do not include collinear points
+        generator = createConvexHullGenerator(false);
+        random = RandomSource.XO_SHI_RO_256_PP.create(10);
     }
 
     // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -55,4 +76,474 @@ class ConvexHullBuilderTest extends ConvexHullGenerator2DAbstractTest {
         builder.append(points);
         Assertions.assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () ->  builder.build());
     }
+
+    @Test
+    void testEmpty() {
+        // act
+        generator.append(Collections.emptyList());
+        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
+
+        // assert
+        Assertions.assertEquals(0, hull.getVertices().size());
+        Assertions.assertEquals(0, hull.getPath().getElements().size());
+        Assertions.assertNull(hull.getRegion());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testOnePoint() {
+        // arrange
+        final List<Vector2D> points = createRandomPoints(1);
+
+        // act
+        generator.append(points);
+        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
+
+        // assert
+        Assertions.assertEquals(1, hull.getVertices().size());
+        Assertions.assertEquals(0, hull.getPath().getElements().size());
+        Assertions.assertNull(hull.getRegion());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testTwoPoints() {
+        // arrange
+        final List<Vector2D> points = createRandomPoints(2);
+
+        // act
+        generator.append(points);
+        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
+
+        // assert
+        Assertions.assertEquals(2, hull.getVertices().size());
+        Assertions.assertEquals(1, hull.getPath().getElements().size());
+        Assertions.assertNull(hull.getRegion());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testAllIdentical() {
+        // arrange
+        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
+
+        // act
+        generator.append(points);
+        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
+
+        // assert
+        Assertions.assertEquals(1, hull.getVertices().size());
+        Assertions.assertEquals(0, hull.getPath().getElements().size());
+        Assertions.assertNull(hull.getRegion());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testConvexHull() {
+        // execute 100 random variations
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+            // randomize the size from 4 to 100
+            final int size = (int) Math.floor(random.nextDouble() * 96.0 + 4.0);
+
+            final List<Vector2D> points = createRandomPoints(size);
+
+            // act
+            generator.append(points);
+            final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
+
+            // assert
+            checkConvexHull(points, hull);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testCollinearPoints() {
+        // arrange
+        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 2));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 4));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(4, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(10, 1));
+
+        // act
+        generator.append(points);
+        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
+
+        // assert
+        checkConvexHull(points, hull);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testCollinearPointsReverse() {
+        // arrange
+        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 2));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 4));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(10, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(4, 1));
+
+        // act
+        generator.append(points);
+        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
+
+        // assert
+        checkConvexHull(points, hull);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testCollinearPointsIncluded() {
+        // arrange
+        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 2));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 4));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(4, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(10, 1));
+
+        // act
+        ConvexHull2D.Builder builder = createConvexHullGenerator(true);
+        builder.append(points);
+        final ConvexHull2D hull = builder.build();
+
+        // assert
+        checkConvexHull(points, hull, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testCollinearPointsIncludedReverse() {
+        // arrange
+        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 2));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 4));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(10, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(4, 1));
+
+        // act
+        ConvexHull2D.Builder builder = createConvexHullGenerator(true);
+        builder.append(points);
+        final ConvexHull2D hull = builder.build();
+
+        // assert
+        checkConvexHull(points, hull, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testIdenticalPoints() {
+        // arrange
+        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 2));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 4));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(4, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
+
+        // act
+        generator.append(points);
+        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
+
+        // assert
+        checkConvexHull(points, hull);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testIdenticalPoints2() {
+        // arrange
+        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 2));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 4));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(4, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
+
+        // act
+        ConvexHull2D.Builder builder = createConvexHullGenerator(true);
+        builder.append(points);
+        final ConvexHull2D hull = builder.build();
+
+        // assert
+        checkConvexHull(points, hull, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testClosePoints() {
+        // arrange
+        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 2));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 4));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(4, 1));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(1.00001, 1));
+
+        // act
+        generator.append(points);
+        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
+
+        // assert
+        checkConvexHull(points, hull);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testCollinearPointOnExistingBoundary() {
+        // --- arrange
+        // MATH-1135: check that collinear points on the hull are handled correctly
+        //            when only a minimal hull shall be constructed
+        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(7.3152, 34.7472));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(6.400799999999997, 34.747199999999985));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(5.486399999999997, 34.7472));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(4.876799999999999, 34.7472));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(4.876799999999999, 34.1376));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(4.876799999999999, 30.48));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(6.0959999999999965, 30.48));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(6.0959999999999965, 34.1376));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(7.315199999999996, 34.1376));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(7.3152, 30.48));
+
+        // --- act
+        generator.append(points);
+        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
+
+        // --- assert
+        checkConvexHull(points, hull);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testCollinearPointsInAnyOrder_threeCollinearPoints() {
+        // --- arrange
+        // MATH-1148: collinear points on the hull might be in any order
+        //            make sure that they are processed in the proper order
+        //            for each algorithm.
+
+        final List<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(16.078200000000184, -36.52519999989808));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(19.164300000000186, -36.52519999989808));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(19.1643, -25.28136477910407));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(19.1643, -17.678400000004157));
+
+        // --- act/assert
+        ConvexHull2D.Builder builder = createConvexHullGenerator(false);
+        builder.append(points);
+        ConvexHull2D hull = builder.build();
+        checkConvexHull(points, hull);
+
+        builder = createConvexHullGenerator(true);
+        builder.append(points);
+        hull = builder.build();
+        checkConvexHull(points, hull, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testCollinearPointsInAnyOrder_multipleCollinearPoints() {
+        // --- arrange
+        // MATH-1148: collinear points on the hull might be in any order
+        //            make sure that they are processed in the proper order
+        //            for each algorithm.
+
+        final List<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(0, -29.959696875));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(0, -31.621809375));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(0, -28.435696875));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(0, -33.145809375));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(3.048, -33.145809375));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(3.048, -31.621809375));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(3.048, -29.959696875));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(4.572, -33.145809375));
+        points.add(Vector2D.of(4.572, -28.435696875));
+
+        // --- act/assert
+        Builder builder = createConvexHullGenerator(false);
+        builder.append(points);
+        ConvexHull2D hull = builder.build();
+        checkConvexHull(points, hull);
+
+        builder = createConvexHullGenerator(true);
+        builder.append(points);
+        hull = builder.build();
+        checkConvexHull(points, hull, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testIssue1123() {
+        // arrange
+        final List<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        final int[][] data = {
+                {-11, -1}, {-11, 0}, {-11, 1},
+                {-10, -3}, {-10, -2}, {-10, -1}, {-10, 0}, {-10, 1},
+                {-10, 2}, {-10, 3}, {-9, -4}, {-9, -3}, {-9, -2},
+                {-9, -1}, {-9, 0}, {-9, 1}, {-9, 2}, {-9, 3},
+                {-9, 4}, {-8, -5}, {-8, -4}, {-8, -3}, {-8, -2},
+                {-8, -1}, {-8, 0}, {-8, 1}, {-8, 2}, {-8, 3},
+                {-8, 4}, {-8, 5}, {-7, -6}, {-7, -5}, {-7, -4},
+                {-7, -3}, {-7, -2}, {-7, -1}, {-7, 0}, {-7, 1},
+                {-7, 2}, {-7, 3}, {-7, 4}, {-7, 5}, {-7, 6},
+                {-6, -7}, {-6, -6}, {-6, -5}, {-6, -4}, {-6, -3},
+                {-6, -2}, {-6, -1}, {-6, 0}, {-6, 1}, {-6, 2},
+                {-6, 3}, {-6, 4}, {-6, 5}, {-6, 6}, {-6, 7},
+                {-5, -7}, {-5, -6}, {-5, -5}, {-5, -4}, {-5, -3},
+                {-5, -2}, {-5, 4}, {-5, 5}, {-5, 6}, {-5, 7},
+                {-4, -7}, {-4, -6}, {-4, -5}, {-4, -4}, {-4, -3},
+                {-4, -2}, {-4, 4}, {-4, 5}, {-4, 6}, {-4, 7},
+                {-3, -8}, {-3, -7}, {-3, -6}, {-3, -5}, {-3, -4},
+                {-3, -3}, {-3, -2}, {-3, 4}, {-3, 5}, {-3, 6},
+                {-3, 7}, {-3, 8}, {-2, -8}, {-2, -7}, {-2, -6},
+                {-2, -5}, {-2, -4}, {-2, -3}, {-2, -2}, {-2, 4},
+                {-2, 5}, {-2, 6}, {-2, 7}, {-2, 8}, {-1, -8},
+                {-1, -7}, {-1, -6}, {-1, -5}, {-1, -4}, {-1, -3},
+                {-1, -2}, {-1, 4}, {-1, 5}, {-1, 6}, {-1, 7},
+                {-1, 8}, {0, -8}, {0, -7}, {0, -6}, {0, -5},
+                {0, -4}, {0, -3}, {0, -2}, {0, 4}, {0, 5}, {0, 6},
+                {0, 7}, {0, 8}, {1, -8}, {1, -7}, {1, -6}, {1, -5},
+                {1, -4}, {1, -3}, {1, -2}, {1, -1}, {1, 0}, {1, 1},
+                {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {1, 4}, {1, 5}, {1, 6}, {1, 7},
+                {1, 8}, {2, -8}, {2, -7}, {2, -6}, {2, -5},
+                {2, -4}, {2, -3}, {2, -2}, {2, -1}, {2, 0}, {2, 1},
+                {2, 2}, {2, 3}, {2, 4}, {2, 5}, {2, 6}, {2, 7},
+                {2, 8}, {3, -8}, {3, -7}, {3, -6}, {3, -5},
+                {3, -4}, {3, -3}, {3, -2}, {3, -1}, {3, 0}, {3, 1},
+                {3, 2}, {3, 3}, {3, 4}, {3, 5}, {3, 6}, {3, 7},
+                {3, 8}, {4, -7}, {4, -6}, {4, -5}, {4, -4},
+                {4, -3}, {4, -2}, {4, -1}, {4, 0}, {4, 1}, {4, 2},
+                {4, 3}, {4, 4}, {4, 5}, {4, 6}, {4, 7}, {5, -7},
+                {5, -6}, {5, -5}, {5, -4}, {5, -3}, {5, -2},
+                {5, -1}, {5, 0}, {5, 1}, {5, 2}, {5, 3}, {5, 4},
+                {5, 5}, {5, 6}, {5, 7}, {6, -7}, {6, -6}, {6, -5},
+                {6, -4}, {6, -3}, {6, -2}, {6, -1}, {6, 0}, {6, 1},
+                {6, 2}, {6, 3}, {6, 4}, {6, 5}, {6, 6}, {6, 7},
+                {7, -6}, {7, -5}, {7, -4}, {7, -3}, {7, -2},
+                {7, -1}, {7, 0}, {7, 1}, {7, 2}, {7, 3}, {7, 4},
+                {7, 5}, {7, 6}, {8, -5}, {8, -4}, {8, -3}, {8, -2},
+                {8, -1}, {8, 0}, {8, 1}, {8, 2}, {8, 3}, {8, 4},
+                {8, 5}, {9, -4}, {9, -3}, {9, -2}, {9, -1}, {9, 0},
+                {9, 1}, {9, 2}, {9, 3}, {9, 4}, {10, -3}, {10, -2},
+                {10, -1}, {10, 0}, {10, 1}, {10, 2}, {10, 3},
+                {11, -1}, {11, 0}, {11, 1}
+            };
+
+        for (final int[] line : data) {
+            points.add(Vector2D.of(line[0], line[1]));
+        }
+
+        final Vector2D[] referenceHull = {
+            Vector2D.of(-11.0, -1.0),
+            Vector2D.of(-10.0, -3.0),
+            Vector2D.of(-6.0, -7.0),
+            Vector2D.of(-3.0, -8.0),
+            Vector2D.of(3.0, -8.0),
+            Vector2D.of(6.0, -7.0),
+            Vector2D.of(10.0, -3.0),
+            Vector2D.of(11.0, -1.0),
+            Vector2D.of(11.0, 1.0),
+            Vector2D.of(10.0, 3.0),
+            Vector2D.of(6.0, 7.0),
+            Vector2D.of(3.0, 8.0),
+            Vector2D.of(-3.0, 8.0),
+            Vector2D.of(-6.0, 7.0),
+            Vector2D.of(-10.0, 3.0),
+            Vector2D.of(-11.0, 1.0),
+        };
+
+        // act
+        generator.append(points);
+        final ConvexHull2D convHull = generator.build();
+        final Region<Vector2D> hullRegion = convHull.getRegion();
+
+        // assert
+        Assertions.assertEquals(274.0, hullRegion.getSize(), 1.0e-12);
+        double perimeter = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < referenceHull.length; ++i) {
+            perimeter += referenceHull[i].distance(
+                                           referenceHull[(i + 1) % referenceHull.length]);
+        }
+        Assertions.assertEquals(perimeter, hullRegion.getBoundarySize(), 1.0e-12);
+
+        for (final Vector2D vector2D : referenceHull) {
+            Assertions.assertEquals(RegionLocation.BOUNDARY, hullRegion.classify(vector2D));
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    private ConvexHull2D.Builder createConvexHullGenerator(final boolean includeCollinearPoints) {
+        return new ConvexHull2D.Builder(includeCollinearPoints, TEST_PRECISION);
+    }
+
+    private List<Vector2D> createRandomPoints(final int size) {
+        // create the cloud container
+        final List<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>(size);
+        // fill the cloud with a random distribution of points
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            points.add(Vector2D.of(random.nextDouble() * 2.0 - 1.0, random.nextDouble() * 2.0 - 1.0));
+        }
+        return points;
+    }
+
+    private void checkConvexHull(final Collection<Vector2D> points, final ConvexHull2D hull) {
+        checkConvexHull(points, hull, false);
+    }
+
+    private void checkConvexHull(final Collection<Vector2D> points, final ConvexHull2D hull,
+                                         final boolean includesCollinearPoints) {
+        Assertions.assertNotNull(hull);
+        Assertions.assertTrue(isConvex(hull, includesCollinearPoints));
+        checkPointsInsideHullRegion(points, hull, includesCollinearPoints);
+    }
+
+    // verify that the constructed hull is really convex
+    private boolean isConvex(final ConvexHull2D hull, final boolean includesCollinearPoints) {
+
+        final List<Vector2D> points = hull.getVertices();
+        int sign = 0;
+        final int size = points.size();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            final Vector2D p1 = points.get(i == 0 ? size - 1 : i - 1);
+            final Vector2D p2 = points.get(i);
+            final Vector2D p3 = points.get(i == size - 1 ? 0 : i + 1);
+
+            final Vector2D d1 = p2.subtract(p1);
+            final Vector2D d2 = p3.subtract(p2);
+
+            Assertions.assertTrue(d1.norm() > 1e-10);
+            Assertions.assertTrue(d2.norm() > 1e-10);
+
+            final double cross = Sum.create()
+                    .addProduct(d1.getX(), d2.getY())
+                    .addProduct(-d1.getY(), d2.getX()).getAsDouble();
+            final int cmp = Precision.compareTo(cross, 0.0, TEST_EPS);
+
+            if (sign != 0 && cmp != sign) {
+                if (!includesCollinearPoints || cmp != 0) {
+                    // in case of collinear points the cross product will be zero
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            sign = cmp;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // verify that all points are inside the convex hull region
+    private void checkPointsInsideHullRegion(final Collection<? extends Vector2D> points,
+                                                     final ConvexHull2D hull,
+                                                     final boolean includesCollinearPoints) {
+
+        final Collection<Vector2D> hullVertices = hull.getVertices();
+        final ConvexArea region = hull.getRegion();
+
+        for (final Vector2D p : points) {
+            final RegionLocation location = region.classify(p);
+            Assertions.assertNotEquals(RegionLocation.OUTSIDE, location);
+
+            if (location == RegionLocation.BOUNDARY && includesCollinearPoints) {
+                Assertions.assertTrue(hullVertices.contains(p));
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/commons-geometry-euclidean/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/geometry/euclidean/twod/hull/ConvexHullGenerator2DAbstractTest.java b/commons-geometry-euclidean/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/geometry/euclidean/twod/hull/ConvexHullGenerator2DAbstractTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 70373314..00000000
--- a/commons-geometry-euclidean/src/test/java/org/apache/commons/geometry/euclidean/twod/hull/ConvexHullGenerator2DAbstractTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,532 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-package org.apache.commons.geometry.euclidean.twod.hull;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.List;
-
-import org.apache.commons.geometry.core.Region;
-import org.apache.commons.geometry.core.RegionLocation;
-import org.apache.commons.geometry.euclidean.twod.ConvexArea;
-import org.apache.commons.geometry.euclidean.twod.Vector2D;
-import org.apache.commons.geometry.euclidean.twod.hull.ConvexHull2D.Builder;
-import org.apache.commons.numbers.core.Precision;
-import org.apache.commons.numbers.core.Sum;
-import org.apache.commons.rng.UniformRandomProvider;
-import org.apache.commons.rng.simple.RandomSource;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-
-/**
- * Abstract base test class for 2D convex hull generators.
- */
-public abstract class ConvexHullGenerator2DAbstractTest {
-
-    protected static final double TEST_EPS = 1e-10;
-
-    protected static final Precision.DoubleEquivalence TEST_PRECISION =
-            Precision.doubleEquivalenceOfEpsilon(TEST_EPS);
-
-    protected ConvexHull2D.Builder generator;
-
-    protected UniformRandomProvider random;
-
-    protected abstract ConvexHull2D.Builder createConvexHullGenerator(boolean includeCollinearPoints);
-
-    protected Collection<Vector2D> reducePoints(final Collection<Vector2D> points) {
-        // do nothing by default, may be overridden by other tests
-        return points;
-    }
-
-    @BeforeEach
-    public void setUp() {
-        // by default, do not include collinear points
-        generator = createConvexHullGenerator(false);
-        random = RandomSource.XO_SHI_RO_256_PP.create(10);
-    }
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    @Test
-    void testEmpty() {
-        // act
-        generator.append(Collections.emptyList());
-        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
-
-        // assert
-        Assertions.assertEquals(0, hull.getVertices().size());
-        Assertions.assertEquals(0, hull.getPath().getElements().size());
-        Assertions.assertNull(hull.getRegion());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testOnePoint() {
-        // arrange
-        final List<Vector2D> points = createRandomPoints(1);
-
-        // act
-        generator.append(points);
-        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
-
-        // assert
-        Assertions.assertEquals(1, hull.getVertices().size());
-        Assertions.assertEquals(0, hull.getPath().getElements().size());
-        Assertions.assertNull(hull.getRegion());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testTwoPoints() {
-        // arrange
-        final List<Vector2D> points = createRandomPoints(2);
-
-        // act
-        generator.append(points);
-        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
-
-        // assert
-        Assertions.assertEquals(2, hull.getVertices().size());
-        Assertions.assertEquals(1, hull.getPath().getElements().size());
-        Assertions.assertNull(hull.getRegion());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testAllIdentical() {
-        // arrange
-        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
-
-        // act
-        generator.append(points);
-        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
-
-        // assert
-        Assertions.assertEquals(1, hull.getVertices().size());
-        Assertions.assertEquals(0, hull.getPath().getElements().size());
-        Assertions.assertNull(hull.getRegion());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testConvexHull() {
-        // execute 100 random variations
-        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
-            // randomize the size from 4 to 100
-            final int size = (int) Math.floor(random.nextDouble() * 96.0 + 4.0);
-
-            final List<Vector2D> points = createRandomPoints(size);
-
-            // act
-            generator.append(points);
-            final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
-
-            // assert
-            checkConvexHull(points, hull);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testCollinearPoints() {
-        // arrange
-        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 2));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 4));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(4, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(10, 1));
-
-        // act
-        generator.append(points);
-        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
-
-        // assert
-        checkConvexHull(points, hull);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testCollinearPointsReverse() {
-        // arrange
-        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 2));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 4));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(10, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(4, 1));
-
-        // act
-        generator.append(points);
-        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
-
-        // assert
-        checkConvexHull(points, hull);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testCollinearPointsIncluded() {
-        // arrange
-        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 2));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 4));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(4, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(10, 1));
-
-        // act
-        ConvexHull2D.Builder builder = createConvexHullGenerator(true);
-        builder.append(points);
-        final ConvexHull2D hull = builder.build();
-
-        // assert
-        checkConvexHull(points, hull, true);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testCollinearPointsIncludedReverse() {
-        // arrange
-        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 2));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 4));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(10, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(4, 1));
-
-        // act
-        ConvexHull2D.Builder builder = createConvexHullGenerator(true);
-        builder.append(points);
-        final ConvexHull2D hull = builder.build();
-
-        // assert
-        checkConvexHull(points, hull, true);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testIdenticalPoints() {
-        // arrange
-        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 2));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 4));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(4, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
-
-        // act
-        generator.append(points);
-        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
-
-        // assert
-        checkConvexHull(points, hull);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testIdenticalPoints2() {
-        // arrange
-        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 2));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 4));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(4, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
-
-        // act
-        ConvexHull2D.Builder builder = createConvexHullGenerator(true);
-        builder.append(points);
-        final ConvexHull2D hull = builder.build();
-
-        // assert
-        checkConvexHull(points, hull, true);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testClosePoints() {
-        // arrange
-        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(1, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 2));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(2, 4));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(4, 1));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(1.00001, 1));
-
-        // act
-        generator.append(points);
-        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
-
-        // assert
-        checkConvexHull(points, hull);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testCollinearPointOnExistingBoundary() {
-        // --- arrange
-        // MATH-1135: check that collinear points on the hull are handled correctly
-        //            when only a minimal hull shall be constructed
-        final Collection<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(7.3152, 34.7472));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(6.400799999999997, 34.747199999999985));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(5.486399999999997, 34.7472));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(4.876799999999999, 34.7472));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(4.876799999999999, 34.1376));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(4.876799999999999, 30.48));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(6.0959999999999965, 30.48));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(6.0959999999999965, 34.1376));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(7.315199999999996, 34.1376));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(7.3152, 30.48));
-
-        // --- act
-        generator.append(points);
-        final ConvexHull2D hull = generator.build();
-
-        // --- assert
-        checkConvexHull(points, hull);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testCollinearPointsInAnyOrder_threeCollinearPoints() {
-        // --- arrange
-        // MATH-1148: collinear points on the hull might be in any order
-        //            make sure that they are processed in the proper order
-        //            for each algorithm.
-
-        final List<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(16.078200000000184, -36.52519999989808));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(19.164300000000186, -36.52519999989808));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(19.1643, -25.28136477910407));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(19.1643, -17.678400000004157));
-
-        // --- act/assert
-        ConvexHull2D.Builder builder = createConvexHullGenerator(false);
-        builder.append(points);
-        ConvexHull2D hull = builder.build();
-        checkConvexHull(points, hull);
-
-        builder = createConvexHullGenerator(true);
-        builder.append(points);
-        hull = builder.build();
-        checkConvexHull(points, hull, true);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testCollinearPointsInAnyOrder_multipleCollinearPoints() {
-        // --- arrange
-        // MATH-1148: collinear points on the hull might be in any order
-        //            make sure that they are processed in the proper order
-        //            for each algorithm.
-
-        final List<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(0, -29.959696875));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(0, -31.621809375));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(0, -28.435696875));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(0, -33.145809375));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(3.048, -33.145809375));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(3.048, -31.621809375));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(3.048, -29.959696875));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(4.572, -33.145809375));
-        points.add(Vector2D.of(4.572, -28.435696875));
-
-        // --- act/assert
-        Builder builder = createConvexHullGenerator(false);
-        builder.append(points);
-        ConvexHull2D hull = builder.build();
-        checkConvexHull(points, hull);
-
-        builder = createConvexHullGenerator(true);
-        builder.append(points);
-        hull = builder.build();
-        checkConvexHull(points, hull, true);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    void testIssue1123() {
-        // arrange
-        final List<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>();
-
-        final int[][] data = {
-                {-11, -1}, {-11, 0}, {-11, 1},
-                {-10, -3}, {-10, -2}, {-10, -1}, {-10, 0}, {-10, 1},
-                {-10, 2}, {-10, 3}, {-9, -4}, {-9, -3}, {-9, -2},
-                {-9, -1}, {-9, 0}, {-9, 1}, {-9, 2}, {-9, 3},
-                {-9, 4}, {-8, -5}, {-8, -4}, {-8, -3}, {-8, -2},
-                {-8, -1}, {-8, 0}, {-8, 1}, {-8, 2}, {-8, 3},
-                {-8, 4}, {-8, 5}, {-7, -6}, {-7, -5}, {-7, -4},
-                {-7, -3}, {-7, -2}, {-7, -1}, {-7, 0}, {-7, 1},
-                {-7, 2}, {-7, 3}, {-7, 4}, {-7, 5}, {-7, 6},
-                {-6, -7}, {-6, -6}, {-6, -5}, {-6, -4}, {-6, -3},
-                {-6, -2}, {-6, -1}, {-6, 0}, {-6, 1}, {-6, 2},
-                {-6, 3}, {-6, 4}, {-6, 5}, {-6, 6}, {-6, 7},
-                {-5, -7}, {-5, -6}, {-5, -5}, {-5, -4}, {-5, -3},
-                {-5, -2}, {-5, 4}, {-5, 5}, {-5, 6}, {-5, 7},
-                {-4, -7}, {-4, -6}, {-4, -5}, {-4, -4}, {-4, -3},
-                {-4, -2}, {-4, 4}, {-4, 5}, {-4, 6}, {-4, 7},
-                {-3, -8}, {-3, -7}, {-3, -6}, {-3, -5}, {-3, -4},
-                {-3, -3}, {-3, -2}, {-3, 4}, {-3, 5}, {-3, 6},
-                {-3, 7}, {-3, 8}, {-2, -8}, {-2, -7}, {-2, -6},
-                {-2, -5}, {-2, -4}, {-2, -3}, {-2, -2}, {-2, 4},
-                {-2, 5}, {-2, 6}, {-2, 7}, {-2, 8}, {-1, -8},
-                {-1, -7}, {-1, -6}, {-1, -5}, {-1, -4}, {-1, -3},
-                {-1, -2}, {-1, 4}, {-1, 5}, {-1, 6}, {-1, 7},
-                {-1, 8}, {0, -8}, {0, -7}, {0, -6}, {0, -5},
-                {0, -4}, {0, -3}, {0, -2}, {0, 4}, {0, 5}, {0, 6},
-                {0, 7}, {0, 8}, {1, -8}, {1, -7}, {1, -6}, {1, -5},
-                {1, -4}, {1, -3}, {1, -2}, {1, -1}, {1, 0}, {1, 1},
-                {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {1, 4}, {1, 5}, {1, 6}, {1, 7},
-                {1, 8}, {2, -8}, {2, -7}, {2, -6}, {2, -5},
-                {2, -4}, {2, -3}, {2, -2}, {2, -1}, {2, 0}, {2, 1},
-                {2, 2}, {2, 3}, {2, 4}, {2, 5}, {2, 6}, {2, 7},
-                {2, 8}, {3, -8}, {3, -7}, {3, -6}, {3, -5},
-                {3, -4}, {3, -3}, {3, -2}, {3, -1}, {3, 0}, {3, 1},
-                {3, 2}, {3, 3}, {3, 4}, {3, 5}, {3, 6}, {3, 7},
-                {3, 8}, {4, -7}, {4, -6}, {4, -5}, {4, -4},
-                {4, -3}, {4, -2}, {4, -1}, {4, 0}, {4, 1}, {4, 2},
-                {4, 3}, {4, 4}, {4, 5}, {4, 6}, {4, 7}, {5, -7},
-                {5, -6}, {5, -5}, {5, -4}, {5, -3}, {5, -2},
-                {5, -1}, {5, 0}, {5, 1}, {5, 2}, {5, 3}, {5, 4},
-                {5, 5}, {5, 6}, {5, 7}, {6, -7}, {6, -6}, {6, -5},
-                {6, -4}, {6, -3}, {6, -2}, {6, -1}, {6, 0}, {6, 1},
-                {6, 2}, {6, 3}, {6, 4}, {6, 5}, {6, 6}, {6, 7},
-                {7, -6}, {7, -5}, {7, -4}, {7, -3}, {7, -2},
-                {7, -1}, {7, 0}, {7, 1}, {7, 2}, {7, 3}, {7, 4},
-                {7, 5}, {7, 6}, {8, -5}, {8, -4}, {8, -3}, {8, -2},
-                {8, -1}, {8, 0}, {8, 1}, {8, 2}, {8, 3}, {8, 4},
-                {8, 5}, {9, -4}, {9, -3}, {9, -2}, {9, -1}, {9, 0},
-                {9, 1}, {9, 2}, {9, 3}, {9, 4}, {10, -3}, {10, -2},
-                {10, -1}, {10, 0}, {10, 1}, {10, 2}, {10, 3},
-                {11, -1}, {11, 0}, {11, 1}
-            };
-
-        for (final int[] line : data) {
-            points.add(Vector2D.of(line[0], line[1]));
-        }
-
-        final Vector2D[] referenceHull = {
-            Vector2D.of(-11.0, -1.0),
-            Vector2D.of(-10.0, -3.0),
-            Vector2D.of(-6.0, -7.0),
-            Vector2D.of(-3.0, -8.0),
-            Vector2D.of(3.0, -8.0),
-            Vector2D.of(6.0, -7.0),
-            Vector2D.of(10.0, -3.0),
-            Vector2D.of(11.0, -1.0),
-            Vector2D.of(11.0, 1.0),
-            Vector2D.of(10.0, 3.0),
-            Vector2D.of(6.0, 7.0),
-            Vector2D.of(3.0, 8.0),
-            Vector2D.of(-3.0, 8.0),
-            Vector2D.of(-6.0, 7.0),
-            Vector2D.of(-10.0, 3.0),
-            Vector2D.of(-11.0, 1.0),
-        };
-
-        // act
-        generator.append(points);
-        final ConvexHull2D convHull = generator.build();
-        final Region<Vector2D> hullRegion = convHull.getRegion();
-
-        // assert
-        Assertions.assertEquals(274.0, hullRegion.getSize(), 1.0e-12);
-        double perimeter = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < referenceHull.length; ++i) {
-            perimeter += referenceHull[i].distance(
-                                           referenceHull[(i + 1) % referenceHull.length]);
-        }
-        Assertions.assertEquals(perimeter, hullRegion.getBoundarySize(), 1.0e-12);
-
-        for (final Vector2D vector2D : referenceHull) {
-            Assertions.assertEquals(RegionLocation.BOUNDARY, hullRegion.classify(vector2D));
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-    protected final List<Vector2D> createRandomPoints(final int size) {
-        // create the cloud container
-        final List<Vector2D> points = new ArrayList<>(size);
-        // fill the cloud with a random distribution of points
-        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-            points.add(Vector2D.of(random.nextDouble() * 2.0 - 1.0, random.nextDouble() * 2.0 - 1.0));
-        }
-        return points;
-    }
-
-    protected final void checkConvexHull(final Collection<Vector2D> points, final ConvexHull2D hull) {
-        checkConvexHull(points, hull, false);
-    }
-
-    protected final void checkConvexHull(final Collection<Vector2D> points, final ConvexHull2D hull,
-                                         final boolean includesCollinearPoints) {
-        Assertions.assertNotNull(hull);
-        Assertions.assertTrue(isConvex(hull, includesCollinearPoints));
-        checkPointsInsideHullRegion(points, hull, includesCollinearPoints);
-    }
-
-    // verify that the constructed hull is really convex
-    protected final boolean isConvex(final ConvexHull2D hull, final boolean includesCollinearPoints) {
-
-        final List<Vector2D> points = hull.getVertices();
-        int sign = 0;
-        final int size = points.size();
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-            final Vector2D p1 = points.get(i == 0 ? size - 1 : i - 1);
-            final Vector2D p2 = points.get(i);
-            final Vector2D p3 = points.get(i == size - 1 ? 0 : i + 1);
-
-            final Vector2D d1 = p2.subtract(p1);
-            final Vector2D d2 = p3.subtract(p2);
-
-            Assertions.assertTrue(d1.norm() > 1e-10);
-            Assertions.assertTrue(d2.norm() > 1e-10);
-
-            final double cross = Sum.create()
-                    .addProduct(d1.getX(), d2.getY())
-                    .addProduct(-d1.getY(), d2.getX()).getAsDouble();
-            final int cmp = Precision.compareTo(cross, 0.0, TEST_EPS);
-
-            if (sign != 0 && cmp != sign) {
-                if (!includesCollinearPoints || cmp != 0) {
-                    // in case of collinear points the cross product will be zero
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-
-            sign = cmp;
-        }
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    // verify that all points are inside the convex hull region
-    protected final void checkPointsInsideHullRegion(final Collection<? extends Vector2D> points,
-                                                     final ConvexHull2D hull,
-                                                     final boolean includesCollinearPoints) {
-
-        final Collection<Vector2D> hullVertices = hull.getVertices();
-        final ConvexArea region = hull.getRegion();
-
-        for (final Vector2D p : points) {
-            final RegionLocation location = region.classify(p);
-            Assertions.assertNotEquals(RegionLocation.OUTSIDE, location);
-
-            if (location == RegionLocation.BOUNDARY && includesCollinearPoints) {
-                Assertions.assertTrue(hullVertices.contains(p));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}