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Posted to commits@opennlp.apache.org by ma...@apache.org on 2024/10/03 18:15:32 UTC
(opennlp-sandbox) branch OPENNLP-1613-Provide-basic-set-of-JUnit-tests-for-Coref-component created (now ed5996b)
This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.
mawiesne pushed a change to branch OPENNLP-1613-Provide-basic-set-of-JUnit-tests-for-Coref-component
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/opennlp-sandbox.git
at ed5996b OPENNLP-1613 Provide basic set of JUnit tests for Coref component - integrates JUnit into this components pom.xml - adds DefaultsLinkerTest and TreebankLinkerTest working with old binary Coref files (OpenNLP v1.4) - adds CorefModelTest to check handling of CorefModel - changes wordnet dependency to extjwnl (already in the sandbox) to avoid custom configuration hell and absolute path dependencies - adds wordnet-dict v3.1 in test scope, via download plugin - removes duplic [...]
This branch includes the following new commits:
new ed5996b OPENNLP-1613 Provide basic set of JUnit tests for Coref component - integrates JUnit into this components pom.xml - adds DefaultsLinkerTest and TreebankLinkerTest working with old binary Coref files (OpenNLP v1.4) - adds CorefModelTest to check handling of CorefModel - changes wordnet dependency to extjwnl (already in the sandbox) to avoid custom configuration hell and absolute path dependencies - adds wordnet-dict v3.1 in test scope, via download plugin - removes duplic [...]
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(opennlp-sandbox) 01/01: OPENNLP-1613 Provide basic set of JUnit tests for Coref component - integrates JUnit into this components pom.xml - adds DefaultsLinkerTest and TreebankLinkerTest working with old binary Coref files (OpenNLP v1.4) - adds CorefModelTest to check handling of CorefModel - changes wordnet dependency to extjwnl (already in the sandbox) to avoid custom configuration hell and absolute path dependencies - adds wordnet-dict v3.1 in test scope, via download plugin - removes duplicated TreebankLinker [...]
Posted by ma...@apache.org.
This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.
mawiesne pushed a commit to branch OPENNLP-1613-Provide-basic-set-of-JUnit-tests-for-Coref-component
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/opennlp-sandbox.git
commit ed5996b950f65af26d803e5859e1f1e45a19323a
Author: Martin Wiesner <ma...@hs-heilbronn.de>
AuthorDate: Thu Oct 3 17:54:55 2024 +0200
OPENNLP-1613 Provide basic set of JUnit tests for Coref component
- integrates JUnit into this components pom.xml
- adds DefaultsLinkerTest and TreebankLinkerTest working with old binary Coref files (OpenNLP v1.4)
- adds CorefModelTest to check handling of CorefModel
- changes wordnet dependency to extjwnl (already in the sandbox) to avoid custom configuration hell and absolute path dependencies
- adds wordnet-dict v3.1 in test scope, via download plugin
- removes duplicated TreebankLinker.java which had example code (via main method)
- removes ".gz" ending from model files, as OpenNLP 2.x could not handle this properly
- restructures packages for better separation consistency
- adjusts rat-excludes where necessary
- adds missing @Ignore annotations where applicable
- adds JavaDoc where useful
- removes orphaned SemanticEnum.java and SemanticCompatibility.java
---
opennlp-coref/pom.xml | 73 +-
.../cmdline/coref/CoreferenceConverterTool.java | 2 +-
.../tools/cmdline/coref/CoreferencerTool.java | 6 +-
.../cmdline/coref/CoreferencerTrainerTool.java | 6 +-
.../java/opennlp/tools/coref/AbstractLinker.java | 8 +
.../tools/coref/{mention => }/AbstractParse.java | 6 +-
.../main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefModel.java | 29 +-
.../tools/{lang/english => coref}/CorefParse.java | 22 +-
.../main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefSample.java | 1 -
.../opennlp/tools/coref/CorefSampleDataStream.java | 21 +-
.../CorefSampleStreamFactory.java | 12 +-
.../java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefTrainer.java | 5 +-
.../tools/coref/{mention => }/DefaultParse.java | 26 +-
.../java/opennlp/tools/coref/TreebankLinker.java | 52 -
.../coref/{mention => dictionary}/Dictionary.java | 2 +-
.../{mention => dictionary}/DictionaryFactory.java | 16 +-
.../tools/coref/dictionary/JWNLDictionary.java | 135 +
.../english => coref/dictionary}/package-info.java | 4 +-
.../tools/coref/{ => linker}/DefaultLinker.java | 60 +-
.../opennlp/tools/coref/{ => linker}/Linker.java | 3 +-
.../tools/coref/{ => linker}/LinkerMode.java | 2 +-
.../opennlp/tools/coref/linker/TreebankLinker.java | 86 +
.../tools/coref/mention/AbstractMentionFinder.java | 12 +-
.../tools/coref/mention/JWNLDictionary.java | 189 -
.../tools/coref/resolver/CommonNounResolver.java | 10 +-
.../resolver/DefaultNonReferentialResolver.java | 36 +-
.../tools/coref/resolver/DefiniteNounResolver.java | 22 +-
.../resolver/FixedNonReferentialResolver.java | 5 +
.../opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/IsAResolver.java | 14 +-
.../tools/coref/resolver/MaxentResolver.java | 54 +-
.../tools/coref/resolver/PluralNounResolver.java | 15 +-
.../coref/resolver/PluralPronounResolver.java | 11 +-
.../tools/coref/resolver/ProperNounResolver.java | 29 +-
.../opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/Resolver.java | 18 +-
.../tools/coref/resolver/ResolverUtils.java | 4 -
.../resolver/SingletonNonReferentialResolver.java | 11 +-
.../coref/resolver/SingularPronounResolver.java | 15 +-
.../coref/resolver/SpeechPronounResolver.java | 11 +-
.../main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/Context.java | 10 +-
.../java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/GenderModel.java | 15 +-
.../tools/coref/sim/MaxentCompatibilityModel.java | 4 +-
.../java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/NumberModel.java | 6 +-
.../java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/SemanticEnum.java | 39 -
.../opennlp/tools/coref/sim/SimilarityModel.java | 2 +-
.../formats/muc/MucMentionInserterStream.java | 2 +-
.../opennlp/tools/lang/english/TreebankLinker.java | 137 -
.../opennlp/tools/coref/AbstractCorefTest.java | 59 +
.../java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefModelTest.java} | 28 +-
.../tools/coref/linker/AbstractLinkerTest.java | 56 +
.../tools/coref/linker/DefaultLinkerTest.java | 98 +
.../tools/coref/linker/TreebankLinkerTest.java | 97 +
.../resolver/DefaultLinkerModelTrainingTest.java} | 30 +-
opennlp-coref/src/test/resources/log4j2.xml | 38 +
.../src/test/resources/models/coref/en/acronyms | 14179 +++++++++++++++++++
.../src/test/resources/models/coref/en/cmodel.bin | Bin 0 -> 23656 bytes
.../test/resources/models/coref/en/cmodel.nr.bin | Bin 0 -> 6546 bytes
.../test/resources/models/coref/en/defmodel.bin | Bin 0 -> 43090 bytes
.../test/resources/models/coref/en/defmodel.nr.bin | Bin 0 -> 6032 bytes
.../src/test/resources/models/coref/en/fmodel.bin | Bin 0 -> 787 bytes
.../test/resources/models/coref/en/fmodel.nr.bin | Bin 0 -> 564 bytes
.../src/test/resources/models/coref/en/gen.bin | Bin 0 -> 69027 bytes
.../src/test/resources/models/coref/en/gen.fem | 4121 ++++++
.../src/test/resources/models/coref/en/gen.mas | 1176 ++
.../src/test/resources/models/coref/en/imodel.bin | Bin 0 -> 5046 bytes
.../test/resources/models/coref/en/imodel.nr.bin | Bin 0 -> 2037 bytes
.../src/test/resources/models/coref/en/num.bin | Bin 0 -> 1814 bytes
.../src/test/resources/models/coref/en/plmodel.bin | Bin 0 -> 20555 bytes
.../test/resources/models/coref/en/plmodel.nr.bin | Bin 0 -> 5979 bytes
.../src/test/resources/models/coref/en/pmodel.bin | Bin 0 -> 8564 bytes
.../test/resources/models/coref/en/pmodel.nr.bin | Bin 0 -> 2024 bytes
.../src/test/resources/models/coref/en/pnmodel.bin | Bin 0 -> 1498 bytes
.../test/resources/models/coref/en/pnmodel.nr.bin | Bin 0 -> 7162 bytes
.../src/test/resources/models/coref/en/sim.bin | Bin 0 -> 64869 bytes
.../src/test/resources/models/coref/en/tmodel.bin | Bin 0 -> 5956 bytes
.../test/resources/models/coref/en/tmodel.nr.bin | Bin 0 -> 855 bytes
pom.xml | 4 +
76 files changed, 20461 insertions(+), 673 deletions(-)
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/pom.xml b/opennlp-coref/pom.xml
index d7ae475..86d56fb 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/pom.xml
+++ b/opennlp-coref/pom.xml
@@ -32,6 +32,12 @@
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>Apache OpenNLP Coreferencer</name>
+ <properties>
+ <wordnet-dict.version>3.1</wordnet-dict.version>
+
+ <maven.download.plugin>1.9.0</maven.download.plugin>
+ </properties>
+
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.opennlp</groupId>
@@ -39,10 +45,34 @@
</dependency>
<dependency>
- <groupId>net.sf.jwordnet</groupId>
- <artifactId>jwnl</artifactId>
- <version>1.3.3</version>
- <scope>compile</scope>
+ <groupId>net.sf.extjwnl</groupId>
+ <artifactId>extjwnl</artifactId>
+ <version>2.0.5</version>
+ </dependency>
+ <!-- Princeton WordNet 3.1 data dependency -->
+ <dependency>
+ <groupId>net.sf.extjwnl</groupId>
+ <artifactId>extjwnl-data-wn31</artifactId>
+ <version>1.2</version>
+ </dependency>
+
+ <dependency>
+ <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+ <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
+ </dependency>
+ <dependency>
+ <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+ <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+ </dependency>
+ <dependency>
+ <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+ <artifactId>junit-jupiter-params</artifactId>
+ </dependency>
+
+ <dependency>
+ <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
+ <artifactId>log4j-slf4j2-impl</artifactId>
+ <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
@@ -53,12 +83,39 @@
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
+ <pluginManagement>
+ <plugins>
+ <plugin>
+ <groupId>com.googlecode.maven-download-plugin</groupId>
+ <artifactId>download-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+ <version>${maven.download.plugin}</version>
+ <executions>
+ <execution>
+ <id>dl-wordnet-${wordnet-dict.version}</id>
+ <phase>process-test-resources</phase>
+ <goals>
+ <goal>wget</goal>
+ </goals>
+ <configuration>
+ <url>
+ https://wordnetcode.princeton.edu/wn${wordnet-dict.version}.dict.tar.gz
+ </url>
+ <unpack>true</unpack>
+ <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/test-classes/wordnet</outputDirectory>
+ <failOnError>true</failOnError>
+ <overwrite>false</overwrite>
+ </configuration>
+ </execution>
+ </executions>
+ </plugin>
+ </plugins>
+ </pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
- <argLine>-Xmx512m</argLine>
+ <argLine>-Xmx1024m</argLine>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
@@ -67,9 +124,13 @@
<configuration>
<source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
<target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
- <compilerArgument>-Xlint</compilerArgument>
+ <compilerArgument>-Xlint:-options</compilerArgument>
</configuration>
</plugin>
+ <plugin>
+ <groupId>com.googlecode.maven-download-plugin</groupId>
+ <artifactId>download-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+ </plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/cmdline/coref/CoreferenceConverterTool.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/cmdline/coref/CoreferenceConverterTool.java
index 98d07c0..6e5c87a 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/cmdline/coref/CoreferenceConverterTool.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/cmdline/coref/CoreferenceConverterTool.java
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ package opennlp.tools.cmdline.coref;
import opennlp.tools.cmdline.AbstractConverterTool;
import opennlp.tools.coref.CorefSample;
-import opennlp.tools.formats.CorefSampleStreamFactory;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.CorefSampleStreamFactory;
public class CoreferenceConverterTool extends AbstractConverterTool<CorefSample, CorefSampleStreamFactory.Parameters> {
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/cmdline/coref/CoreferencerTool.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/cmdline/coref/CoreferencerTool.java
index fffaeb9..6827d16 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/cmdline/coref/CoreferencerTool.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/cmdline/coref/CoreferencerTool.java
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ import opennlp.tools.cmdline.PerformanceMonitor;
import opennlp.tools.cmdline.SystemInputStreamFactory;
import opennlp.tools.cmdline.TerminateToolException;
import opennlp.tools.coref.DiscourseEntity;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.LinkerMode;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.TreebankLinker;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.DefaultParse;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.linker.LinkerMode;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.linker.TreebankLinker;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.DefaultParse;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.Mention;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionContext;
import opennlp.tools.parser.Parse;
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/cmdline/coref/CoreferencerTrainerTool.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/cmdline/coref/CoreferencerTrainerTool.java
index 2549c32..30ea947 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/cmdline/coref/CoreferencerTrainerTool.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/cmdline/coref/CoreferencerTrainerTool.java
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ import opennlp.tools.coref.CorefTrainer;
public class CoreferencerTrainerTool extends AbstractTrainerTool<CorefSample, TrainerToolParams> {
- interface TrainerToolParams extends TrainingParams, TrainingToolParams {
+ public interface TrainerToolParams extends TrainingParams, TrainingToolParams {
}
public CoreferencerTrainerTool() {
@@ -47,5 +47,9 @@ public class CoreferencerTrainerTool extends AbstractTrainerTool<CorefSample, Tr
e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
+
+ public static void main(String[] args) {
+ new CoreferencerTrainerTool();
+ }
}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/AbstractLinker.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/AbstractLinker.java
index e426246..b571887 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/AbstractLinker.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/AbstractLinker.java
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ package opennlp.tools.coref;
import java.io.IOException;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.linker.Linker;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.linker.LinkerMode;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.HeadFinder;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.Mention;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionContext;
@@ -147,6 +149,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractLinker implements Linker {
}
}
+ @Override
public HeadFinder getHeadFinder() {
return headFinder;
}
@@ -217,6 +220,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractLinker implements Linker {
return (de1);
}
+ @Override
public DiscourseEntity[] getEntities(Mention[] mentions) {
MentionContext[] extentContexts = this.constructMentionContexts(mentions);
DiscourseModel dm = new DiscourseModel();
@@ -227,20 +231,24 @@ public abstract class AbstractLinker implements Linker {
return (dm.getEntities());
}
+ @Override
public void setEntities(Mention[] mentions) {
getEntities(mentions);
}
+ @Override
public void train() throws IOException {
for (AbstractResolver resolver : resolvers) {
resolver.train();
}
}
+ @Override
public MentionFinder getMentionFinder() {
return mentionFinder;
}
+ @Override
public MentionContext[] constructMentionContexts(Mention[] mentions) {
int mentionInSentenceIndex = -1;
int numMentionsInSentence = -1;
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/AbstractParse.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/AbstractParse.java
similarity index 95%
rename from opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/AbstractParse.java
rename to opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/AbstractParse.java
index de43806..74ef1e8 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/AbstractParse.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/AbstractParse.java
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@
* limitations under the License.
*/
-package opennlp.tools.coref.mention;
+package opennlp.tools.coref;
+
+import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.Parse;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractParse implements Parse {
public List<Parse> getNounPhrases() {
List<Parse> parts = getSyntacticChildren();
List<Parse> nps = new ArrayList<>();
- while (parts.size() > 0) {
+ while (!parts.isEmpty()) {
List<Parse> newParts = new ArrayList<>();
for (Parse cp : parts) {
//System.err.println("AbstractParse.getNounPhrases "+parts.get(pi).getClass());
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefModel.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefModel.java
index 50adcbc..a0f85e1 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefModel.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefModel.java
@@ -81,34 +81,34 @@ public class CorefModel extends BaseModel {
// TODO: Create acronyms
artifactMap.put(NUMBER_MODEL_ENTRY_NAME,
- createModel(project + File.separator + "num.bin.gz"));
+ createModel(project + File.separator + "num.bin"));
artifactMap.put(COMMON_NOUN_RESOLVER_MODEL_ENTRY_NAME,
- createModel(project + File.separator + "cmodel.bin.gz"));
+ createModel(project + File.separator + "cmodel.bin"));
artifactMap.put(DEFINITE_NOUN_RESOLVER_MODEL_ENTRY_NAME,
- createModel(project + File.separator + "defmodel.bin.gz"));
+ createModel(project + File.separator + "defmodel.bin"));
artifactMap.put(SPEECH_PRONOUN_RESOLVER_MODEL_ENTRY_NAME,
- createModel(project + File.separator + "fmodel.bin.gz"));
+ createModel(project + File.separator + "fmodel.bin"));
// TODO: IModel
artifactMap.put(PLURAL_NOUN_RESOLVER_MODEL_ENTRY_NAME,
- createModel(project + File.separator + "plmodel.bin.gz"));
+ createModel(project + File.separator + "plmodel.bin"));
artifactMap.put(SINGULAR_PRONOUN_RESOLVER_MODEL_ENTRY_NAME,
- createModel(project + File.separator + "pmodel.bin.gz"));
+ createModel(project + File.separator + "pmodel.bin"));
artifactMap.put(PROPER_NOUN_RESOLVER_MODEL_ENTRY_NAME,
- createModel(project + File.separator + "pnmodel.bin.gz"));
+ createModel(project + File.separator + "pnmodel.bin"));
artifactMap.put(SIM_MODEL_ENTRY_NAME,
- createModel(project + File.separator + "sim.bin.gz"));
+ createModel(project + File.separator + "sim.bin"));
artifactMap.put(PLURAL_PRONOUN_RESOLVER_MODEL_ENTRY_NAME,
- createModel(project + File.separator + "tmodel.bin.gz"));
+ createModel(project + File.separator + "tmodel.bin"));
checkArtifactMap();
}
@@ -182,16 +182,5 @@ public class CorefModel extends BaseModel {
return (AbstractModel) artifactMap.get(PLURAL_PRONOUN_RESOLVER_MODEL_ENTRY_NAME);
}
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
- if (args.length != 1) {
- System.err.println("Usage: CorefModel projectDirectory");
- System.exit(-1);
- }
-
- String projectDirectory = args[0];
-
- CorefModel model = new CorefModel("en", projectDirectory);
- model.serialize(new FileOutputStream("coref.model"));
- }
}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/lang/english/CorefParse.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefParse.java
similarity index 87%
rename from opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/lang/english/CorefParse.java
rename to opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefParse.java
index ac9bdbb..cda48fd 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/lang/english/CorefParse.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefParse.java
@@ -15,21 +15,25 @@
* limitations under the License.
*/
-package opennlp.tools.lang.english;
+package opennlp.tools.coref;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.DiscourseEntity;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.DefaultParse;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionContext;
import opennlp.tools.parser.Parse;
import opennlp.tools.parser.chunking.Parser;
import opennlp.tools.util.Span;
-class CorefParse {
+/**
+ * A container class encapsulating results of a co-reference parse operation.
+ *
+ * @see Parse
+ * @see DiscourseEntity
+ */
+public class CorefParse {
private final Map<Parse, Integer> parseMap;
private final List<Parse> parses;
@@ -49,6 +53,16 @@ class CorefParse {
}
}
+ /**
+ * @return Retrieves the resulting parse mapping.
+ */
+ public Map<Parse, Integer> getParseMap() {
+ return parseMap;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Prints all parses to std-out.
+ */
public void show() {
for (Parse p : parses) {
show(p);
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefSample.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefSample.java
index 3763331..5a6f361 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefSample.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefSample.java
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ package opennlp.tools.coref;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.DefaultParse;
import opennlp.tools.parser.Parse;
public class CorefSample {
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefSampleDataStream.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefSampleDataStream.java
index 404c48f..cccfe3a 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefSampleDataStream.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefSampleDataStream.java
@@ -22,16 +22,27 @@ import java.io.IOException;
import opennlp.tools.util.FilterObjectStream;
import opennlp.tools.util.ObjectStream;
+/**
+ * A specialized {@link FilterObjectStream} implementation to process {@link CorefSample samples}.
+ *
+ * @see CorefSample
+ * @see FilterObjectStream
+ */
public class CorefSampleDataStream extends FilterObjectStream<String, CorefSample> {
- public CorefSampleDataStream(ObjectStream<String> in) {
- super(in);
+ /**
+ * Initializes an {@link CorefSampleDataStream}.
+ *
+ * @param samples The {@link ObjectStream stream} of samples to filter.
+ * Must not be {@code null}.
+ */
+ public CorefSampleDataStream(ObjectStream<String> samples) {
+ super(samples);
}
-
+
+ @Override
public CorefSample read() throws IOException {
-
String document = samples.read();
-
if (document != null) {
return CorefSample.parse(document);
}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/formats/CorefSampleStreamFactory.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefSampleStreamFactory.java
similarity index 88%
rename from opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/formats/CorefSampleStreamFactory.java
rename to opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefSampleStreamFactory.java
index b90ccba..4fd0e6d 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/formats/CorefSampleStreamFactory.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefSampleStreamFactory.java
@@ -15,22 +15,28 @@
* limitations under the License.
*/
-package opennlp.tools.formats;
+package opennlp.tools.coref;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import opennlp.tools.cmdline.ArgumentParser;
import opennlp.tools.cmdline.CmdLineUtil;
+import opennlp.tools.cmdline.ObjectStreamFactory;
import opennlp.tools.cmdline.StreamFactoryRegistry;
import opennlp.tools.cmdline.params.BasicFormatParams;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.CorefSample;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.CorefSampleDataStream;
+import opennlp.tools.formats.AbstractSampleStreamFactory;
import opennlp.tools.util.MarkableFileInputStreamFactory;
import opennlp.tools.util.ObjectStream;
import opennlp.tools.util.ParagraphStream;
import opennlp.tools.util.PlainTextByLineStream;
+/**
+ * A specialized {@link ObjectStreamFactory} to take care of handling {@link CorefSample samples}.
+ *
+ * @see ObjectStreamFactory
+ * @see AbstractSampleStreamFactory
+ */
public class CorefSampleStreamFactory extends AbstractSampleStreamFactory<CorefSample, CorefSampleStreamFactory.Parameters> {
public interface Parameters extends BasicFormatParams {
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefTrainer.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefTrainer.java
index 08e800a..bb5480c 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefTrainer.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefTrainer.java
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Stack;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.DefaultParse;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.linker.DefaultLinker;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.linker.Linker;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.linker.LinkerMode;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.linker.TreebankLinker;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.Mention;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionContext;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionFinder;
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/DefaultParse.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/DefaultParse.java
similarity index 91%
rename from opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/DefaultParse.java
rename to opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/DefaultParse.java
index 0282957..275da26 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/DefaultParse.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/DefaultParse.java
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
* limitations under the License.
*/
-package opennlp.tools.coref.mention;
+package opennlp.tools.coref;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import opennlp.tools.parser.chunking.Parser;
import opennlp.tools.util.Span;
/**
- * This class is a wrapper for {@link opennlp.tools.parser.Parse} mapping
+ * This class is a wrapper for {@link Parse} mapping
* it to the API specified in {@link opennlp.tools.coref.mention.Parse}.
* This allows coreference to be done on the output of the parser.
*/
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ public class DefaultParse extends AbstractParse {
private static final Set<String> ENTITY_SET = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(NAME_TYPES));
/**
- * Initializes the current instance.
+ * Initializes a {@link DefaultParse} with the specified parameters.
*
- * @param parse
- * @param sentenceNumber
+ * @param parse The {@link Parse} instance. Must not be {@code null}.
+ * @param sentenceNumber The number of sentences. Must be larger than {@code zero}.
*/
public DefaultParse(Parse parse, int sentenceNumber) {
this.parse = parse;
@@ -63,14 +63,14 @@ public class DefaultParse extends AbstractParse {
@Override
public List<opennlp.tools.coref.mention.Parse> getNamedEntities() {
List<Parse> names = new ArrayList<>();
- List<Parse> kids = new LinkedList<>(Arrays.asList(parse.getChildren()));
- while (kids.size() > 0) {
- Parse p = kids.remove(0);
+ List<Parse> children = new LinkedList<>(Arrays.asList(parse.getChildren()));
+ while (!children.isEmpty()) {
+ Parse p = children.remove(0);
if (ENTITY_SET.contains(p.getType())) {
names.add(p);
}
else {
- kids.addAll(Arrays.asList(p.getChildren()));
+ children.addAll(Arrays.asList(p.getChildren()));
}
}
return createParses(names.toArray(new Parse[0]));
@@ -98,14 +98,14 @@ public class DefaultParse extends AbstractParse {
@Override
public List<opennlp.tools.coref.mention.Parse> getTokens() {
List<Parse> tokens = new ArrayList<>();
- List<Parse> kids = new LinkedList<>(Arrays.asList(parse.getChildren()));
- while (kids.size() > 0) {
- Parse p = kids.remove(0);
+ List<Parse> children = new LinkedList<>(Arrays.asList(parse.getChildren()));
+ while (!children.isEmpty()) {
+ Parse p = children.remove(0);
if (p.isPosTag()) {
tokens.add(p);
}
else {
- kids.addAll(0,Arrays.asList(p.getChildren()));
+ children.addAll(0,Arrays.asList(p.getChildren()));
}
}
return createParses(tokens.toArray(new Parse[0]));
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/TreebankLinker.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/TreebankLinker.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 2850faf..0000000
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/TreebankLinker.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package opennlp.tools.coref;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-
-import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.PTBMentionFinder;
-
-/**
- * This class perform coreference for treebank style parses.
- * <p>
- * It will only perform coreference over constituents defined in the trees and
- * will not generate new constituents for pre-nominal entities or sub-entities in
- * simple coordinated noun phrases.
- * <p>
- * This linker requires that named-entity information also be provided.
- */
-public class TreebankLinker extends DefaultLinker {
-
- public TreebankLinker(String project, LinkerMode mode) throws IOException {
- super(project,mode);
- }
-
- public TreebankLinker(String project, LinkerMode mode, boolean useDiscourseModel) throws IOException {
- super(project,mode,useDiscourseModel);
- }
-
- public TreebankLinker(String project, LinkerMode mode, boolean useDiscourseModel,
- double fixedNonReferentialProbability) throws IOException {
- super(project,mode,useDiscourseModel,fixedNonReferentialProbability);
- }
-
- @Override
- protected void initMentionFinder() {
- mentionFinder = PTBMentionFinder.getInstance(headFinder);
- }
-}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/Dictionary.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/dictionary/Dictionary.java
similarity index 98%
rename from opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/Dictionary.java
rename to opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/dictionary/Dictionary.java
index 5005fa9..58182b7 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/Dictionary.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/dictionary/Dictionary.java
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
* limitations under the License.
*/
-package opennlp.tools.coref.mention;
+package opennlp.tools.coref.dictionary;
/**
* Interface to provide dictionary information to the coreference module assuming a
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/DictionaryFactory.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/dictionary/DictionaryFactory.java
similarity index 73%
rename from opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/DictionaryFactory.java
rename to opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/dictionary/DictionaryFactory.java
index f5b5473..aadc4d6 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/DictionaryFactory.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/dictionary/DictionaryFactory.java
@@ -15,27 +15,27 @@
* limitations under the License.
*/
-package opennlp.tools.coref.mention;
+package opennlp.tools.coref.dictionary;
-import java.io.IOException;
+import net.sf.extjwnl.JWNLException;
-import net.didion.jwnl.JWNLException;
+import java.io.IOException;
-/** Factory class used to get an instance of a dictionary object.
- * @see opennlp.tools.coref.mention.Dictionary
+/**
+ * Factory class used to get an instance of a dictionary object.
+ * @see Dictionary
* */
public class DictionaryFactory {
private static Dictionary dictionary;
/**
- * Returns the default implementation of the Dictionary interface.
- * @return the default implementation of the Dictionary interface.
+ * @return Retrieves the default implementation of the Dictionary interface.
*/
public static Dictionary getDictionary() {
if (dictionary == null) {
try {
- dictionary = new JWNLDictionary(System.getProperty("WNSEARCHDIR"));
+ dictionary = new JWNLDictionary();
}
catch (IOException | JWNLException e) {
System.err.println(e);
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/dictionary/JWNLDictionary.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/dictionary/JWNLDictionary.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42edf3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/dictionary/JWNLDictionary.java
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package opennlp.tools.coref.dictionary;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import net.sf.extjwnl.JWNLException;
+import net.sf.extjwnl.data.IndexWord;
+import net.sf.extjwnl.data.POS;
+import net.sf.extjwnl.data.Pointer;
+import net.sf.extjwnl.data.PointerType;
+import net.sf.extjwnl.data.Synset;
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of the Dictionary interface using the JWNL library.
+ *
+ * @see Dictionary
+ */
+public class JWNLDictionary implements Dictionary {
+
+ private final net.sf.extjwnl.dictionary.Dictionary dict;
+ private final net.sf.extjwnl.dictionary.MorphologicalProcessor morphy;
+ private static final String[] EMPTY = new String[0];
+
+ public JWNLDictionary() throws IOException, JWNLException {
+ dict = net.sf.extjwnl.dictionary.Dictionary.getDefaultResourceInstance();
+ morphy = dict.getMorphologicalProcessor();
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public String[] getLemmas(String word, String tag) {
+ try {
+ POS pos;
+ if (tag.startsWith("N") || tag.startsWith("n")) {
+ pos = POS.NOUN;
+ }
+ else if (tag.startsWith("V") || tag.startsWith("v")) {
+ pos = POS.VERB;
+ }
+ else if (tag.startsWith("J") || tag.startsWith("a")) {
+ pos = POS.ADJECTIVE;
+ }
+ else if (tag.startsWith("R") || tag.startsWith("r")) {
+ pos = POS.ADVERB;
+ }
+ else {
+ pos = POS.NOUN;
+ }
+ List<String> lemmas = morphy.lookupAllBaseForms(pos,word);
+ return lemmas.toArray(new String[0]);
+ }
+ catch (JWNLException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ return null;
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public String getSenseKey(String lemma, String pos,int sense) {
+ try {
+ IndexWord iw = dict.getIndexWord(POS.NOUN,lemma);
+ if (iw == null) {
+ return null;
+ }
+ return String.valueOf(iw.getSynsetOffsets()[sense]);
+ }
+ catch (JWNLException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ return null;
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public int getNumSenses(String lemma, String pos) {
+ try {
+ IndexWord iw = dict.getIndexWord(POS.NOUN,lemma);
+ if (iw == null) {
+ return 0;
+ }
+ return iw.getSynsetOffsets().length;
+ }
+ catch (JWNLException e) {
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+ private void getParents(Synset synset, List<String> parents) throws JWNLException {
+ List<Pointer> pointers = synset.getPointers();
+ for (Pointer pointer : pointers) {
+ if (pointer.getType() == PointerType.HYPERNYM) {
+ Synset parent = pointer.getTargetSynset();
+ parents.add(String.valueOf(parent.getOffset()));
+ getParents(parent, parents);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ public String[] getParentSenseKeys(String lemma, String pos, int sense) {
+ //System.err.println("JWNLDictionary.getParentSenseKeys: lemma="+lemma);
+ try {
+ IndexWord iw = dict.getIndexWord(POS.NOUN,lemma);
+ if (iw != null) {
+ Synset synset = iw.getSenses().get(sense);
+ List<String> parents = new ArrayList<>();
+ getParents(synset,parents);
+ return parents.toArray(new String[0]);
+ }
+ else {
+ return EMPTY;
+ }
+ }
+ catch (JWNLException e) {
+ e.printStackTrace();
+ return null;
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/lang/english/package-info.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/dictionary/package-info.java
similarity index 89%
rename from opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/lang/english/package-info.java
rename to opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/dictionary/package-info.java
index d06bd46..132b5a8 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/lang/english/package-info.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/dictionary/package-info.java
@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@
*/
/**
- * Package related to the processing of English data.
+ * Package related to handling (JWNL) dictionaries.
*/
-package opennlp.tools.lang.english;
+package opennlp.tools.coref.dictionary;
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/DefaultLinker.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/DefaultLinker.java
similarity index 77%
rename from opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/DefaultLinker.java
rename to opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/DefaultLinker.java
index 1869a12..f1b3500 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/DefaultLinker.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/DefaultLinker.java
@@ -15,10 +15,12 @@
* limitations under the License.
*/
-package opennlp.tools.coref;
+package opennlp.tools.coref.linker;
import java.io.IOException;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.AbstractLinker;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.DiscourseEntity;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionContext;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.PTBHeadFinder;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.ShallowParseMentionFinder;
@@ -43,52 +45,58 @@ import opennlp.tools.coref.sim.SimilarityModel;
/**
* This class perform coreference for treebank style parses or for noun-phrase chunked data.
+ * <p>
* Non-constituent entities such as pre-nominal named-entities and sub entities in simple coordinated
- * noun phases will be created. This linker requires that named-entity information also be provided.
+ * noun phases will be created. This {@link Linker} requires that named-entity information also be provided.
* This information can be added to the parse using the -parse option with EnglishNameFinder.
+ *
+ * @see Linker
*/
public class DefaultLinker extends AbstractLinker {
protected MaxentCompatibilityModel mcm;
/**
- * Creates a new linker with the specified model directory, running in the specified mode.
+ * Instantiates a {@link DefaultLinker} with the specified model directory,
+ * running in the specified {@link LinkerMode mode}.
+ *
* @param modelDirectory The directory where the models for this linker are kept.
* @param mode The mode that this linker is running in.
- * @throws IOException when the models can not be read or written to based on the mode.
+ * @throws IOException Thrown if the models can not be read or written to based on the mode.
*/
public DefaultLinker(String modelDirectory, LinkerMode mode) throws IOException {
- this(modelDirectory,mode,true,-1);
+ this(modelDirectory, mode, true);
}
/**
- * Creates a new linker with the specified model directory,
- * running in the specified mode which uses a discourse model
+ * Instantiates a {@link DefaultLinker} with the specified model directory,
+ * running in the specified {@link LinkerMode mode} which uses a discourse model
* based on the specified parameter.
- * @param modelDirectory The directory where the models for this linker are kept.
+ *
+ * @param modelDir The directory where the models for this linker are kept.
* @param mode The mode that this linker is running in.
* @param useDiscourseModel Whether the model should use a discourse model or not.
- * @throws IOException when the models can not be read or written to based on the mode.
+ * @throws IOException Thrown if the models can not be read or written to based on the mode.
*/
- public DefaultLinker(String modelDirectory, LinkerMode mode, boolean useDiscourseModel)
- throws IOException {
- this(modelDirectory,mode,useDiscourseModel,-1);
+ public DefaultLinker(String modelDir, LinkerMode mode, boolean useDiscourseModel) throws IOException {
+ this(modelDir, mode, useDiscourseModel,-1);
}
/**
- * Creates a new linker with the specified model directory,
- * running in the specified mode which uses a discourse model
+ * Instantiates a {@link DefaultLinker} with the specified model directory,
+ * running in the specified {@link LinkerMode mode} which uses a discourse model
* based on the specified parameter and uses the specified fixed non-referential probability.
- * @param modelDirectory The directory where the models for this linker are kept.
+ *
+ * @param modelDir The directory where the models for this linker are kept.
* @param mode The mode that this linker is running in.
* @param useDiscourseModel Whether the model should use a discourse model or not.
* @param fixedNonReferentialProbability The probability which resolvers are
- * required to exceed to positi a coreference relationship.
- * @throws IOException when the models can not be read or written to based on the mode.
+ * required to exceed a positive coreference relationship.
+ * @throws IOException Thrown if the models can not be read or written to based on the mode.
*/
- public DefaultLinker(String modelDirectory, LinkerMode mode, boolean useDiscourseModel,
+ public DefaultLinker(String modelDir, LinkerMode mode, boolean useDiscourseModel,
double fixedNonReferentialProbability) throws IOException {
- super(modelDirectory, mode, useDiscourseModel);
+ super(modelDir, mode, useDiscourseModel);
if (mode != LinkerMode.SIM) {
mcm = new MaxentCompatibilityModel(corefProject);
}
@@ -102,9 +110,10 @@ public class DefaultLinker extends AbstractLinker {
/**
* Initializes the resolvers used by this linker.
- * @param mode The mode in which this linker is being used.
- * @param fixedNonReferentialProbability
- * @throws IOException
+ * @param mode The {@link LinkerMode mode} in which this linker is being used.
+ * @param fixedNonReferentialProbability The probability which resolvers are
+ * required to exceed a positive coreference relationship.
+ * @throws IOException Thrown if IO errors occurred.
*/
protected void initResolvers(LinkerMode mode, double fixedNonReferentialProbability) throws IOException {
if (mode == LinkerMode.TRAIN) {
@@ -124,8 +133,7 @@ public class DefaultLinker extends AbstractLinker {
new CommonNounResolver(corefProject, ResolverMode.TEST),
new SpeechPronounResolver(corefProject, ResolverMode.TEST)
};
- }
- else {
+ } else {
NonReferentialResolver nrr = new FixedNonReferentialResolver(fixedNonReferentialProbability);
resolvers = new MaxentResolver[] {
new SingularPronounResolver(corefProject, ResolverMode.TEST,nrr),
@@ -162,13 +170,13 @@ public class DefaultLinker extends AbstractLinker {
}
/**
- * Initializes the head finder for this linker.
+ * Initializes the head finder for this {@link Linker}.
*/
protected void initHeadFinder() {
headFinder = PTBHeadFinder.getInstance();
}
/**
- * Initializes the mention finder for this linker.
+ * Initializes the mention finder for this {@link Linker}
* This can be over-ridden to change the space of mentions used for coreference.
*/
protected void initMentionFinder() {
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/Linker.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/Linker.java
similarity index 97%
rename from opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/Linker.java
rename to opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/Linker.java
index 78c7ceb..973c184 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/Linker.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/Linker.java
@@ -15,10 +15,11 @@
* limitations under the License.
*/
-package opennlp.tools.coref;
+package opennlp.tools.coref.linker;
import java.io.IOException;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.DiscourseEntity;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.HeadFinder;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.Mention;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionContext;
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/LinkerMode.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/LinkerMode.java
similarity index 97%
rename from opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/LinkerMode.java
rename to opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/LinkerMode.java
index 5e4284d..086404c 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/LinkerMode.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/LinkerMode.java
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
*/
-package opennlp.tools.coref;
+package opennlp.tools.coref.linker;
/**
* Enumeration of modes in which a linker can run.
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/TreebankLinker.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/TreebankLinker.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af34174
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/TreebankLinker.java
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package opennlp.tools.coref.linker;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.PTBMentionFinder;
+
+/**
+ * This class perform coreference for treebank style parses.
+ * <p>
+ * It will only perform coreference over constituents defined in the trees and
+ * will not generate new constituents for pre-nominal entities or sub-entities in
+ * simple coordinated noun phrases.
+ * <p>
+ * This linker requires that named-entity information also be provided.
+ *
+ * @see Linker
+ * @see DefaultLinker
+ */
+public class TreebankLinker extends DefaultLinker {
+
+ /**
+ * Instantiates a {@link TreebankLinker} with the specified model directory,
+ * running in the specified {@link LinkerMode mode} which uses a discourse model
+ * based on the specified parameter.
+ *
+ * @param modelDir The directory where the models for this linker are kept.
+ * @param mode The mode that this linker is running in.
+ * @throws IOException when the models can not be read or written to based on the mode.
+ */
+ public TreebankLinker(String modelDir, LinkerMode mode) throws IOException {
+ this(modelDir, mode, true);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Instantiates a {@link TreebankLinker} with the specified model directory,
+ * running in the specified {@link LinkerMode mode} which uses a discourse model
+ * based on the specified parameter.
+ *
+ * @param modelDir The directory where the models for this linker are kept.
+ * @param mode The mode that this linker is running in.
+ * @param useDiscourseModel Whether the model should use a discourse model or not.
+ * @throws IOException Thrown if the models can not be read or written to based on the mode.
+ */
+ public TreebankLinker(String modelDir, LinkerMode mode, boolean useDiscourseModel) throws IOException {
+ this(modelDir, mode, useDiscourseModel, -1);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Instantiates a {@link TreebankLinker} with the specified model directory,
+ * running in the specified {@link LinkerMode mode} which uses a discourse model
+ * based on the specified parameter.
+ *
+ * @param modelDir The directory where the models for this linker are kept.
+ * @param mode The mode that this linker is running in.
+ * @param useDiscourseModel Whether the model should use a discourse model or not.
+ * @param fixedNonReferentialProbability The probability which resolvers are
+ * required to exceed a positive coreference relationship.
+ * @throws IOException Thrown if the models can not be read or written to based on the mode.
+ */
+ public TreebankLinker(String modelDir, LinkerMode mode, boolean useDiscourseModel,
+ double fixedNonReferentialProbability) throws IOException {
+ super(modelDir, mode, useDiscourseModel,fixedNonReferentialProbability);
+ }
+
+ @Override
+ protected void initMentionFinder() {
+ mentionFinder = PTBMentionFinder.getInstance(headFinder);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/AbstractMentionFinder.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/AbstractMentionFinder.java
index 350c0ad..6c2b16c 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/AbstractMentionFinder.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/AbstractMentionFinder.java
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.Linker;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.linker.Linker;
import opennlp.tools.coref.resolver.ResolverUtils;
import opennlp.tools.util.Span;
@@ -50,11 +50,12 @@ public abstract class AbstractMentionFinder implements MentionFinder {
}
}
- /** Assigns head relations between noun phrases and the child np
+ /**
+ * Assigns head relations between noun phrases and the child np
* which is their head.
* @param nps List of valid nps for this mention finder.
* @return mapping from noun phrases and the child np which is their head
- **/
+ */
protected Map<Parse, Parse> constructHeadMap(List<Parse> nps) {
Map<Parse, Parse> headMap = new HashMap<>();
for (Parse np : nps) {
@@ -63,10 +64,12 @@ public abstract class AbstractMentionFinder implements MentionFinder {
return headMap;
}
+ @Override
public boolean isPrenominalNamedEntityCollection() {
return collectPrenominalNamedEntities;
}
+ @Override
public void setPrenominalNamedEntityCollection(boolean b) {
collectPrenominalNamedEntities = b;
}
@@ -396,6 +399,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractMentionFinder implements MentionFinder {
return p.getNamedEntities();
}
+ @Override
public Mention[] getMentions(Parse p) {
List<Parse> nps = p.getNounPhrases();
Collections.sort(nps);
@@ -406,10 +410,12 @@ public abstract class AbstractMentionFinder implements MentionFinder {
return mentions;
}
+ @Override
public boolean isCoordinatedNounPhraseCollection() {
return collectCoordinatedNounPhrases;
}
+ @Override
public void setCoordinatedNounPhraseCollection(boolean b) {
collectCoordinatedNounPhrases = b;
}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/JWNLDictionary.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/JWNLDictionary.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 1f27ae3..0000000
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/mention/JWNLDictionary.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package opennlp.tools.coref.mention;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-
-import net.didion.jwnl.JWNLException;
-import net.didion.jwnl.data.Adjective;
-import net.didion.jwnl.data.FileDictionaryElementFactory;
-import net.didion.jwnl.data.IndexWord;
-import net.didion.jwnl.data.POS;
-import net.didion.jwnl.data.Pointer;
-import net.didion.jwnl.data.PointerType;
-import net.didion.jwnl.data.Synset;
-import net.didion.jwnl.data.VerbFrame;
-import net.didion.jwnl.dictionary.FileBackedDictionary;
-import net.didion.jwnl.dictionary.MorphologicalProcessor;
-import net.didion.jwnl.dictionary.file_manager.FileManager;
-import net.didion.jwnl.dictionary.file_manager.FileManagerImpl;
-import net.didion.jwnl.dictionary.morph.DefaultMorphologicalProcessor;
-import net.didion.jwnl.dictionary.morph.DetachSuffixesOperation;
-import net.didion.jwnl.dictionary.morph.LookupExceptionsOperation;
-import net.didion.jwnl.dictionary.morph.LookupIndexWordOperation;
-import net.didion.jwnl.dictionary.morph.Operation;
-import net.didion.jwnl.dictionary.morph.TokenizerOperation;
-import net.didion.jwnl.princeton.data.PrincetonWN17FileDictionaryElementFactory;
-import net.didion.jwnl.princeton.file.PrincetonRandomAccessDictionaryFile;
-
-/**
- * An implementation of the Dictionary interface using the JWNL library.
- */
-public class JWNLDictionary implements Dictionary {
-
- private final net.didion.jwnl.dictionary.Dictionary dict;
- private MorphologicalProcessor morphy;
- private static final String[] EMPTY = new String[0];
-
- public JWNLDictionary(String searchDirectory) throws IOException, JWNLException {
- PointerType.initialize();
- Adjective.initialize();
- VerbFrame.initialize();
- Map<POS, String[][]> suffixMap = new HashMap<>();
- suffixMap.put(POS.NOUN,new String[][] {{"s",""},{"ses","s"},{"xes","x"},{"zes","z"},
- {"ches","ch"},{"shes","sh"},{"men","man"},{"ies","y"}});
- suffixMap.put(POS.VERB,new String[][] {{"s",""},{"ies","y"},{"es","e"},{"es",""},{"ed","e"},
- {"ed",""},{"ing","e"},{"ing",""}});
- suffixMap.put(POS.ADJECTIVE,new String[][] {{"er",""},{"est",""},{"er","e"},{"est","e"}});
- DetachSuffixesOperation tokDso = new DetachSuffixesOperation(suffixMap);
- tokDso.addDelegate(DetachSuffixesOperation.OPERATIONS,new Operation[] {
- new LookupIndexWordOperation(),new LookupExceptionsOperation()});
- TokenizerOperation tokOp = new TokenizerOperation(new String[] {" ","-"});
- tokOp.addDelegate(TokenizerOperation.TOKEN_OPERATIONS,new Operation[] {
- new LookupIndexWordOperation(),new LookupExceptionsOperation(),tokDso});
- DetachSuffixesOperation morphDso = new DetachSuffixesOperation(suffixMap);
- morphDso.addDelegate(DetachSuffixesOperation.OPERATIONS,new Operation[] {
- new LookupIndexWordOperation(),new LookupExceptionsOperation()});
- Operation[] operations = {new LookupExceptionsOperation(), morphDso , tokOp};
- morphy = new DefaultMorphologicalProcessor(operations);
- FileManager manager = new FileManagerImpl(searchDirectory,
- PrincetonRandomAccessDictionaryFile.class);
- FileDictionaryElementFactory factory = new PrincetonWN17FileDictionaryElementFactory();
- FileBackedDictionary.install(manager, morphy,factory,true);
- dict = net.didion.jwnl.dictionary.Dictionary.getInstance();
- morphy = dict.getMorphologicalProcessor();
- }
-
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- public String[] getLemmas(String word, String tag) {
- try {
- POS pos;
- if (tag.startsWith("N") || tag.startsWith("n")) {
- pos = POS.NOUN;
- }
- else if (tag.startsWith("V") || tag.startsWith("v")) {
- pos = POS.VERB;
- }
- else if (tag.startsWith("J") || tag.startsWith("a")) {
- pos = POS.ADJECTIVE;
- }
- else if (tag.startsWith("R") || tag.startsWith("r")) {
- pos = POS.ADVERB;
- }
- else {
- pos = POS.NOUN;
- }
- List<String> lemmas = morphy.lookupAllBaseForms(pos,word);
- return lemmas.toArray(new String[0]);
- }
- catch (JWNLException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- return null;
- }
- }
-
- public String getSenseKey(String lemma, String pos,int sense) {
- try {
- IndexWord iw = dict.getIndexWord(POS.NOUN,lemma);
- if (iw == null) {
- return null;
- }
- return String.valueOf(iw.getSynsetOffsets()[sense]);
- }
- catch (JWNLException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- return null;
- }
-
- }
-
- public int getNumSenses(String lemma, String pos) {
- try {
- IndexWord iw = dict.getIndexWord(POS.NOUN,lemma);
- if (iw == null) {
- return 0;
- }
- return iw.getSenseCount();
- }
- catch (JWNLException e) {
- return 0;
- }
- }
-
- private void getParents(Synset synset, List<String> parents) throws JWNLException {
- Pointer[] pointers = synset.getPointers();
- for (Pointer pointer : pointers) {
- if (pointer.getType() == PointerType.HYPERNYM) {
- Synset parent = pointer.getTargetSynset();
- parents.add(String.valueOf(parent.getOffset()));
- getParents(parent, parents);
- }
- }
- }
-
- public String[] getParentSenseKeys(String lemma, String pos, int sense) {
- //System.err.println("JWNLDictionary.getParentSenseKeys: lemma="+lemma);
- try {
- IndexWord iw = dict.getIndexWord(POS.NOUN,lemma);
- if (iw != null) {
- Synset synset = iw.getSense(sense + 1);
- List<String> parents = new ArrayList<>();
- getParents(synset,parents);
- return parents.toArray(new String[0]);
- }
- else {
- return EMPTY;
- }
- }
- catch (JWNLException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- return null;
- }
- }
-
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, JWNLException {
- String searchDir = System.getProperty("WNSEARCHDIR");
- System.err.println("searchDir=" + searchDir);
- if (searchDir != null) {
- Dictionary dict = new JWNLDictionary(System.getProperty("WNSEARCHDIR"));
- String word = args[0];
- String[] lemmas = dict.getLemmas(word,"NN");
- for (String lemma : lemmas) {
- for (int si = 0, sn = dict.getNumSenses(lemma, "NN"); si < sn; si++) {
- System.out.println(lemma + " (" + si + ")\t" +
- Arrays.asList(dict.getParentSenseKeys(lemma, "NN", si)));
- }
- }
- }
- }
-}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/CommonNounResolver.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/CommonNounResolver.java
index a0120fe..c8f5a05 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/CommonNounResolver.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/CommonNounResolver.java
@@ -26,18 +26,20 @@ import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionContext;
/**
* Resolves coreference between common nouns.
+ *
+ * @see MaxentResolver
*/
public class CommonNounResolver extends MaxentResolver {
- public CommonNounResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode m) throws IOException {
- super(projectName,"cmodel", m, 80, true);
+ public CommonNounResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode m) throws IOException {
+ super(modelDirectory,"cmodel", m, 80, true);
showExclusions = false;
preferFirstReferent = true;
}
- public CommonNounResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode m, NonReferentialResolver nrr)
+ public CommonNounResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode m, NonReferentialResolver nrr)
throws IOException {
- super(projectName,"cmodel", m, 80, true,nrr);
+ super(modelDirectory,"cmodel", m, 80, true, nrr);
showExclusions = false;
preferFirstReferent = true;
}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/DefaultNonReferentialResolver.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/DefaultNonReferentialResolver.java
index 6759b26..9da53d8 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/DefaultNonReferentialResolver.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/DefaultNonReferentialResolver.java
@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@
package opennlp.tools.coref.resolver;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
@@ -37,35 +39,41 @@ import opennlp.tools.ml.maxent.GISTrainer;
import opennlp.tools.ml.maxent.io.BinaryGISModelReader;
import opennlp.tools.ml.maxent.io.BinaryGISModelWriter;
import opennlp.tools.ml.model.Event;
+import opennlp.tools.ml.model.FileEventStream;
import opennlp.tools.ml.model.MaxentModel;
import opennlp.tools.util.ObjectStreamUtils;
import opennlp.tools.util.TrainingParameters;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* Default implementation of the {@link NonReferentialResolver} interface.
*/
public class DefaultNonReferentialResolver implements NonReferentialResolver {
+ private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DefaultNonReferentialResolver.class);
+
private MaxentModel model;
private List<Event> events;
private boolean loadAsResource;
private final boolean debugOn = false;
private final ResolverMode mode;
private final String modelName;
- private final String modelExtension = ".bin.gz";
+ private final String modelExtension = ".bin";
private int nonRefIndex;
- public DefaultNonReferentialResolver(String projectName, String name, ResolverMode mode)
+ public DefaultNonReferentialResolver(String modelDirectory, String name, ResolverMode mode)
throws IOException {
this.mode = mode;
- this.modelName = projectName + "/" + name + ".nr";
+ this.modelName = modelDirectory + "/" + name + ".nr";
if (mode == ResolverMode.TRAIN) {
events = new ArrayList<>();
}
else if (mode == ResolverMode.TEST) {
if (loadAsResource) {
- model = new BinaryGISModelReader(new DataInputStream(
- this.getClass().getResourceAsStream(modelName))).getModel();
+ try (DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(this.getClass().getResourceAsStream(modelName))) {
+ model = new BinaryGISModelReader(dis).getModel();
+ }
}
else {
try (DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(
@@ -84,7 +92,9 @@ public class DefaultNonReferentialResolver implements NonReferentialResolver {
public double getNonReferentialProbability(MentionContext mention) {
List<String> features = getFeatures(mention);
double r = model.eval(features.toArray(new String[0]))[nonRefIndex];
- if (debugOn) System.err.println(this + " " + mention.toText() + " -> null " + r + " " + features);
+ if (debugOn) {
+ logger.debug(this + " {} -> null {} {}", mention.toText(), r, features);
+ }
return r;
}
@@ -130,6 +140,20 @@ public class DefaultNonReferentialResolver implements NonReferentialResolver {
public void train() throws IOException {
if (ResolverMode.TRAIN == mode) {
System.err.println(this + " referential");
+ if (events.isEmpty()) {
+ String inputPath;
+ if (modelName.endsWith(".nr")) {
+ inputPath = modelName.replace(".nr", "");
+ } else {
+ inputPath = modelName;
+ }
+ try (FileEventStream fes = new FileEventStream(new BufferedReader(new FileReader(inputPath + ".events")))) {
+ Event e;
+ while ((e = fes.read()) != null) {
+ events.add(e);
+ }
+ }
+ }
if (debugOn) {
Path p = Path.of(modelName + ".events");
try (Writer writer = Files.newBufferedWriter(p, StandardCharsets.UTF_8,
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/DefiniteNounResolver.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/DefiniteNounResolver.java
index 6c1df3e..683e0c1 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/DefiniteNounResolver.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/DefiniteNounResolver.java
@@ -26,31 +26,29 @@ import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionContext;
/**
* Resolves coreference between definite noun-phrases.
+ *
+ * @see MaxentResolver
*/
public class DefiniteNounResolver extends MaxentResolver {
- public DefiniteNounResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode m) throws IOException {
- super(projectName, "defmodel", m, 80);
- //preferFirstReferent = true;
+ public DefiniteNounResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode m) throws IOException {
+ super(modelDirectory, "defmodel", m, 80);
+ // preferFirstReferent = true;
}
- public DefiniteNounResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode m, NonReferentialResolver nrr)
+ public DefiniteNounResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode m, NonReferentialResolver nrr)
throws IOException {
- super(projectName, "defmodel", m, 80,nrr);
- //preferFirstReferent = true;
+ super(modelDirectory, "defmodel", m, 80,nrr);
+ // preferFirstReferent = true;
}
-
+ @Override
public boolean canResolve(MentionContext mention) {
Object[] mtokens = mention.getTokens();
String firstTok = mention.getFirstTokenText().toLowerCase();
- boolean rv = mtokens.length > 1 && !mention.getHeadTokenTag().startsWith("NNP")
+ return mtokens.length > 1 && !mention.getHeadTokenTag().startsWith("NNP")
&& ResolverUtils.definiteArticle(firstTok, mention.getFirstTokenTag());
- //if (rv) {
- // System.err.println("defNp "+ec);
- //}
- return (rv);
}
@Override
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/FixedNonReferentialResolver.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/FixedNonReferentialResolver.java
index 3633119..1b6119a 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/FixedNonReferentialResolver.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/FixedNonReferentialResolver.java
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionContext;
/**
* Implementation of non-referential classifier which uses a fixed-value threshold.
+ *
+ * @see NonReferentialResolver
*/
public class FixedNonReferentialResolver implements NonReferentialResolver {
@@ -32,11 +34,14 @@ public class FixedNonReferentialResolver implements NonReferentialResolver {
this.nonReferentialProbability = nonReferentialProbability;
}
+ @Override
public double getNonReferentialProbability(MentionContext mention) {
return this.nonReferentialProbability;
}
+ @Override
public void addEvent(MentionContext mention) {}
+ @Override
public void train() throws IOException {}
}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/IsAResolver.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/IsAResolver.java
index ec9ef48..7842321 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/IsAResolver.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/IsAResolver.java
@@ -26,27 +26,29 @@ import opennlp.tools.coref.DiscourseEntity;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionContext;
/**
- * Resolves coreference between appositives.
+ * Resolves coreference between appositives.
+ *
+ * @see MaxentResolver
*/
public class IsAResolver extends MaxentResolver {
Pattern predicativePattern;
- public IsAResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode m) throws IOException {
- super(projectName, "/imodel", m, 20);
+ public IsAResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode m) throws IOException {
+ super(modelDirectory, "/imodel", m, 20);
showExclusions = false;
//predicativePattern = Pattern.compile("^(,|am|are|is|was|were|--)$");
predicativePattern = Pattern.compile("^(,|--)$");
}
- public IsAResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode m, NonReferentialResolver nrr) throws IOException {
- super(projectName, "/imodel", m, 20,nrr);
+ public IsAResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode m, NonReferentialResolver nrr) throws IOException {
+ super(modelDirectory, "/imodel", m, 20, nrr);
showExclusions = false;
//predicativePattern = Pattern.compile("^(,|am|are|is|was|were|--)$");
predicativePattern = Pattern.compile("^(,|--)$");
}
-
+ @Override
public boolean canResolve(MentionContext ec) {
if (ec.getHeadTokenTag().startsWith("NN")) {
return ec.getPreviousToken() != null
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/MaxentResolver.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/MaxentResolver.java
index 3b233e6..d013695 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/MaxentResolver.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/MaxentResolver.java
@@ -18,10 +18,13 @@
package opennlp.tools.coref.resolver;
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
@@ -39,6 +42,7 @@ import opennlp.tools.ml.maxent.GISTrainer;
import opennlp.tools.ml.maxent.io.BinaryGISModelReader;
import opennlp.tools.ml.maxent.io.BinaryGISModelWriter;
import opennlp.tools.ml.model.Event;
+import opennlp.tools.ml.model.FileEventStream;
import opennlp.tools.ml.model.MaxentModel;
import opennlp.tools.util.ObjectStreamUtils;
import opennlp.tools.util.TrainingParameters;
@@ -65,20 +69,23 @@ public abstract class MaxentResolver extends AbstractResolver {
private ResolverMode mode;
private List<opennlp.tools.ml.model.Event> events;
- /** When true, this designates that the resolver should use the first referent encountered which it
- * more preferable than non-reference. When false all non-excluded referents within this resolvers range
+ /**
+ * If {@code true}, this designates that the resolver should use the first referent encountered which it
+ * more preferable than non-reference. When {@code false} all non-excluded referents within this resolvers range
* are considered.
*/
protected boolean preferFirstReferent;
+
/**
- * When true, this designates that training should consist of a single
+ * If {@code true}, this designates that training should consist of a single
* positive and a single negative example (when possible) for each mention.
*/
protected boolean pairedSampleSelection;
- /** When true, this designates that the same maximum entropy model should be used non-reference
+ /**
+ * If {@code true}, this designates that the same maximum entropy model should be used non-reference
* events (the pairing of a mention and the "null" reference) as is used for potentially
- * referential pairs. When false a separate model is created for these events.
+ * referential pairs. When {@code false} a separate model is created for these events.
*/
protected boolean useSameModelForNonRef;
@@ -87,7 +94,7 @@ public abstract class MaxentResolver extends AbstractResolver {
/** The model for computing non-referential probabilities. */
protected NonReferentialResolver nonReferentialResolver;
- private static final String MODEL_EXTENSION = ".bin.gz";
+ private static final String MODEL_EXTENSION = ".bin";
/**
* Creates a maximum-entropy-based resolver which will look the specified number of
@@ -106,13 +113,13 @@ public abstract class MaxentResolver extends AbstractResolver {
* Creates a maximum-entropy-based resolver with the specified model name, using the
* specified mode, which will look the specified number of entities back for a referent and
* prefer the first referent if specified.
+ *
* @param modelDirectory The name of the directory where the resolver models are stored.
* @param name The name of the file where this model will be read or written.
* @param mode The mode this resolver is being using in (training, testing).
- * @param numberOfEntitiesBack The number of entities back in the text that this resolver will look
- * for a referent.
- * @param preferFirstReferent Set to true if the resolver should prefer the first referent which is more
- * likely than non-reference. This only affects testing.
+ * @param numberOfEntitiesBack The number of entities back in the text that this resolver will look for a referent.
+ * @param preferFirstReferent Set to {@code true} if the resolver should prefer the first referent which is more
+ * likely than non-reference. This only affects testing.
* @param nonReferentialResolver Determines how likely it is that this entity is non-referential.
* @throws IOException If the model file is not found or can not be written to.
*/
@@ -144,28 +151,25 @@ public abstract class MaxentResolver extends AbstractResolver {
/**
* Creates a maximum-entropy-based resolver with the specified model name, using the
* specified mode, which will look the specified number of entities back for a referent.
- * @param modelDirectory The name of the directory where the resover models are stored.
+ *
+ * @param modelDirectory The name of the directory where the resolver models are stored.
* @param modelName The name of the file where this model will be read or written.
* @param mode The mode this resolver is being using in (training, testing).
- * @param numberEntitiesBack The number of entities back in the text that this resolver will look
- * for a referent.
+ * @param numberEntitiesBack The number of entities back in the text that this resolver will look for a referent.
* @throws IOException If the model file is not found or can not be written to.
*/
- public MaxentResolver(String modelDirectory, String modelName, ResolverMode mode,
- int numberEntitiesBack) throws IOException {
+ public MaxentResolver(String modelDirectory, String modelName, ResolverMode mode, int numberEntitiesBack) throws IOException {
this(modelDirectory, modelName, mode, numberEntitiesBack, false);
}
public MaxentResolver(String modelDirectory, String modelName, ResolverMode mode,
int numberEntitiesBack, NonReferentialResolver nonReferentialResolver)
throws IOException {
- this(modelDirectory, modelName, mode, numberEntitiesBack, false,nonReferentialResolver);
+ this(modelDirectory, modelName, mode, numberEntitiesBack, false, nonReferentialResolver);
}
public MaxentResolver(String modelDirectory, String modelName, ResolverMode mode,
int numberEntitiesBack, boolean preferFirstReferent) throws IOException {
- //this(projectName, modelName, mode, numberEntitiesBack, preferFirstReferent,
- // SingletonNonReferentialResolver.getInstance(projectName,mode));
this(modelDirectory, modelName, mode, numberEntitiesBack, preferFirstReferent,
new DefaultNonReferentialResolver(modelDirectory, modelName, mode));
}
@@ -173,8 +177,6 @@ public abstract class MaxentResolver extends AbstractResolver {
public MaxentResolver(String modelDirectory, String modelName, ResolverMode mode,
int numberEntitiesBack, boolean preferFirstReferent,
double nonReferentialProbability) throws IOException {
- //this(projectName, modelName, mode, numberEntitiesBack, preferFirstReferent,
- // SingletonNonReferentialResolver.getInstance(projectName,mode));
this(modelDirectory, modelName, mode, numberEntitiesBack, preferFirstReferent,
new FixedNonReferentialResolver(nonReferentialProbability));
}
@@ -242,8 +244,9 @@ public abstract class MaxentResolver extends AbstractResolver {
* Returns whether the specified entity satisfies the criteria for being a default referent.
* These criteria are used to perform sample selection on the training data and to select a single
* non-referent entity. Typically, the criteria is a heuristic for a likely referent.
+ *
* @param de The discourse entity being considered for non-reference.
- * @return True if the entity should be used as a default referent, false otherwise.
+ * @return {@code true} if the entity should be used as a default referent, {@code false} otherwise.
*/
protected boolean defaultReferent(DiscourseEntity de) {
MentionContext ec = de.getLastExtent();
@@ -328,6 +331,7 @@ public abstract class MaxentResolver extends AbstractResolver {
/**
* Returns a list of features for deciding whether the specified mention refers to the
* specified discourse entity.
+ *
* @param mention the mention being considers as possibly referential.
* @param entity The discourse entity with which the mention is being considered referential.
* @return a list of features used to predict reference between the specified mention and entity.
@@ -342,6 +346,14 @@ public abstract class MaxentResolver extends AbstractResolver {
@Override
public void train() throws IOException {
if (ResolverMode.TRAIN == mode) {
+ if (events.isEmpty()) {
+ try (FileEventStream fes = new FileEventStream(new BufferedReader(new FileReader(modelName + ".events")))) {
+ Event e;
+ while ((e = fes.read()) != null) {
+ events.add(e);
+ }
+ }
+ }
if (DEBUG) {
System.err.println(this + " referential");
Path p = Path.of(modelName + ".events");
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/PluralNounResolver.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/PluralNounResolver.java
index 79bbc5d..ae815ea 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/PluralNounResolver.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/PluralNounResolver.java
@@ -24,20 +24,21 @@ import java.util.List;
import opennlp.tools.coref.DiscourseEntity;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionContext;
-
/**
* Resolves coreference between plural nouns.
+ *
+ * @see MaxentResolver
*/
public class PluralNounResolver extends MaxentResolver {
- public PluralNounResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode m) throws IOException {
- super(projectName,"plmodel", m, 80, true);
+ public PluralNounResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode m) throws IOException {
+ super(modelDirectory, "plmodel", m, 80, true);
showExclusions = false;
}
- public PluralNounResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode m, NonReferentialResolver nrr)
+ public PluralNounResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode m, NonReferentialResolver nrr)
throws IOException {
- super(projectName,"plmodel", m, 80, true,nrr);
+ super(modelDirectory, "plmodel", m, 80, true, nrr);
showExclusions = false;
}
@@ -53,12 +54,12 @@ public class PluralNounResolver extends MaxentResolver {
return features;
}
+ @Override
public boolean canResolve(MentionContext mention) {
String firstTok = mention.getFirstTokenText().toLowerCase();
String firstTokTag = mention.getFirstToken().getSyntacticType();
- boolean rv = mention.getHeadTokenTag().equals("NNS")
+ return mention.getHeadTokenTag().equals("NNS")
&& !ResolverUtils.definiteArticle(firstTok, firstTokTag);
- return rv;
}
@Override
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/PluralPronounResolver.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/PluralPronounResolver.java
index f6534f3..e5d55f8 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/PluralPronounResolver.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/PluralPronounResolver.java
@@ -26,18 +26,20 @@ import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionContext;
/**
* Resolves coreference between plural pronouns and their referents.
+ *
+ * @see MaxentResolver
*/
public class PluralPronounResolver extends MaxentResolver {
final int NUM_SENTS_BACK_PRONOUNS = 2;
- public PluralPronounResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode m) throws IOException {
- super(projectName, "tmodel", m, 30);
+ public PluralPronounResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode m) throws IOException {
+ super(modelDirectory, "tmodel", m, 30);
}
- public PluralPronounResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode m,NonReferentialResolver nrr)
+ public PluralPronounResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode m, NonReferentialResolver nrr)
throws IOException {
- super(projectName, "tmodel", m, 30,nrr);
+ super(modelDirectory, "tmodel", m, 30, nrr);
}
@Override
@@ -87,6 +89,7 @@ public class PluralPronounResolver extends MaxentResolver {
return (mention.getSentenceNumber() - cec.getSentenceNumber() > NUM_SENTS_BACK_PRONOUNS);
}
+ @Override
public boolean canResolve(MentionContext mention) {
String tag = mention.getHeadTokenTag();
return (tag != null && tag.startsWith("PRP")
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/ProperNounResolver.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/ProperNounResolver.java
index 89f4b79..fe4955f 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/ProperNounResolver.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/ProperNounResolver.java
@@ -33,42 +33,48 @@ import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import opennlp.tools.coref.DiscourseEntity;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionContext;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
/**
* Resolves coreference between proper nouns.
+ *
+ * @see MaxentResolver
*/
public class ProperNounResolver extends MaxentResolver {
+ private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ProperNounResolver.class);
+
private static Map<String, Set<String>> acroMap;
private static boolean acroMapLoaded = false;
- public ProperNounResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode m) throws IOException {
- super(projectName,"pnmodel", m, 500);
+ public ProperNounResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode m) throws IOException {
+ super(modelDirectory,"pnmodel", m, 500);
if (!acroMapLoaded) {
- initAcronyms(projectName + "/acronyms");
+ initAcronyms(modelDirectory + "/acronyms");
acroMapLoaded = true;
}
showExclusions = false;
}
- public ProperNounResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode m,NonReferentialResolver nonRefResolver)
+ public ProperNounResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode m,NonReferentialResolver nonRefResolver)
throws IOException {
- super(projectName,"pnmodel", m, 500,nonRefResolver);
+ super(modelDirectory,"pnmodel", m, 500,nonRefResolver);
if (!acroMapLoaded) {
- initAcronyms(projectName + "/acronyms");
+ initAcronyms(modelDirectory + "/acronyms");
acroMapLoaded = true;
}
showExclusions = false;
}
+ @Override
public boolean canResolve(MentionContext mention) {
return (mention.getHeadTokenTag().startsWith("NNP") || mention.getHeadTokenTag().startsWith("CD"));
}
private void initAcronyms(String name) {
acroMap = new HashMap<>(15000);
- try {
- BufferedReader str;
- str = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(name));
+ try (BufferedReader str = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(name))) {
//System.err.println("Reading acronyms database: " + file + " ");
String line;
while (null != (line = str.readLine())) {
@@ -88,9 +94,8 @@ public class ProperNounResolver extends MaxentResolver {
}
exSet.add(acro);
}
- }
- catch (IOException e) {
- System.err.println("ProperNounResolver.initAcronyms: Acronym Database not found: " + e);
+ } catch (IOException e) {
+ logger.warn("ProperNounResolver.initAcronyms: Acronym Database not found: " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/Resolver.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/Resolver.java
index f2b891d..62f0b89 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/Resolver.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/Resolver.java
@@ -29,24 +29,24 @@ import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionContext;
public interface Resolver {
/**
- * Returns true if this resolver is able to resolve the referring expression of the same type
+ * Returns {@code true} if this resolver is able to resolve the referring expression of the same type
* as the specified mention.
*
* @param mention The mention being considered for resolution.
*
- * @return true if the resolver handles this type of referring
- * expression, false otherwise.
+ * @return {@code true} if the resolver handles this type of referring
+ * expression, {@code false} otherwise.
*/
boolean canResolve(MentionContext mention);
/**
- * Resolve this referring expression to a discourse entity in the discourse model.
+ * Resolve this referring expression to a {@link DiscourseEntity} in the discourse model.
*
* @param ec the referring expression.
* @param dm the discourse model.
*
- * @return the discourse entity which the resolver believes this
- * referring expression refers to or null if no discourse entity is
+ * @return A {@link DiscourseEntity} which the resolver believes this
+ * referring expression refers to or {@code null} if no discourse entity is
* co-referent with the referring expression.
*/
DiscourseEntity resolve(MentionContext ec, DiscourseModel dm);
@@ -59,15 +59,15 @@ public interface Resolver {
* @param mention The mention which is being used for training.
* @param model the discourse model.
*
- * @return the discourse entity which is referred to by the referring
- * expression or null if no discourse entity is referenced.
+ * @return A {@link DiscourseEntity} which is referred to by the referring
+ * expression or {@code null} if no discourse entity is referenced.
*/
DiscourseEntity retain(MentionContext mention, DiscourseModel model);
/**
* Retrains model on examples for which retain was called.
*
- * @throws IOException
+ * @throws IOException Thrown if IO errors occurred.
*/
void train() throws IOException;
}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/ResolverUtils.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/ResolverUtils.java
index 31fe435..c090503 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/ResolverUtils.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/ResolverUtils.java
@@ -84,7 +84,6 @@ public class ResolverUtils {
public static final Pattern DESIGNATORS_PATTERN =
Pattern.compile("[a-z]\\.$|^[A-Z][b-df-hj-np-tv-xz]+$|^Co(rp)?$");
-
private static final String NUM_COMPATIBLE = "num.compatible";
private static final String NUM_INCOMPATIBLE = "num.incompatible";
private static final String NUM_UNKNOWN = "num.unknown";
@@ -96,11 +95,8 @@ public class ResolverUtils {
private static final String SIM_INCOMPATIBLE = "sim.incompatible";
private static final String SIM_UNKNOWN = "sim.unknown";
-
private static final double MIN_SIM_PROB = 0.60;
-
-
/**
* Returns a list of features based on the surrounding context of the specified mention.
* @param mention The mention whose surround context the features model.
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/SingletonNonReferentialResolver.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/SingletonNonReferentialResolver.java
index a1174a4..d625839 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/SingletonNonReferentialResolver.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/SingletonNonReferentialResolver.java
@@ -23,20 +23,23 @@ import java.io.IOException;
/**
* This class allows you to share a single instance of a non-referential resolver
* among several resolvers.
+ *
+ * @see NonReferentialResolver
+ * @see DefaultNonReferentialResolver
*/
public class SingletonNonReferentialResolver extends DefaultNonReferentialResolver {
private static SingletonNonReferentialResolver resolver;
private static boolean trained;
- private SingletonNonReferentialResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode mode) throws IOException {
- super(projectName, "nonref", mode);
+ private SingletonNonReferentialResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode mode) throws IOException {
+ super(modelDirectory, "nonref", mode);
}
- public static SingletonNonReferentialResolver getInstance(String modelName, ResolverMode mode)
+ public static SingletonNonReferentialResolver getInstance(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode mode)
throws IOException {
if (resolver == null) {
- resolver = new SingletonNonReferentialResolver(modelName, mode);
+ resolver = new SingletonNonReferentialResolver(modelDirectory, mode);
}
return resolver;
}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/SingularPronounResolver.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/SingularPronounResolver.java
index 7cfd887..94d89dc 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/SingularPronounResolver.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/SingularPronounResolver.java
@@ -21,28 +21,25 @@ import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
-import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import opennlp.tools.coref.DiscourseEntity;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionContext;
/**
* This class resolver singular pronouns such as "he", "she", "it" and their various forms.
+ *
+ * @see MaxentResolver
*/
public class SingularPronounResolver extends MaxentResolver {
- int mode;
-
- Pattern PronounPattern;
-
- public SingularPronounResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode m) throws IOException {
- super(projectName, "pmodel", m, 30);
+ public SingularPronounResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode m) throws IOException {
+ super(modelDirectory, "pmodel", m, 30);
this.numSentencesBack = 2;
}
- public SingularPronounResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode m,
+ public SingularPronounResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode m,
NonReferentialResolver nonReferentialResolver) throws IOException {
- super(projectName, "pmodel", m, 30,nonReferentialResolver);
+ super(modelDirectory, "pmodel", m, 30,nonReferentialResolver);
this.numSentencesBack = 2;
}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/SpeechPronounResolver.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/SpeechPronounResolver.java
index f841522..628bde5 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/SpeechPronounResolver.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/SpeechPronounResolver.java
@@ -26,24 +26,25 @@ import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionContext;
/**
* Resolves pronouns specific to quoted speech such as "you", "me", and "I".
+ *
+ * @see MaxentResolver
*/
public class SpeechPronounResolver extends MaxentResolver {
- public SpeechPronounResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode m) throws IOException {
- super(projectName,"fmodel", m, 30);
+ public SpeechPronounResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode m) throws IOException {
+ super(modelDirectory, "fmodel", m, 30);
this.numSentencesBack = 0;
showExclusions = false;
preferFirstReferent = true;
}
- public SpeechPronounResolver(String projectName, ResolverMode m, NonReferentialResolver nrr)
+ public SpeechPronounResolver(String modelDirectory, ResolverMode m, NonReferentialResolver nrr)
throws IOException {
- super(projectName,"fmodel", m, 30,nrr);
+ super(modelDirectory, "fmodel", m, 30, nrr);
showExclusions = false;
preferFirstReferent = true;
}
-
@Override
protected List<String> getFeatures(MentionContext mention, DiscourseEntity entity) {
List<String> features = new ArrayList<>(super.getFeatures(mention, entity));
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/Context.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/Context.java
index fa52417..5e20767 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/Context.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/Context.java
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.Dictionary;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.DictionaryFactory;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.dictionary.Dictionary;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.dictionary.DictionaryFactory;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.HeadFinder;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.Mention;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.Parse;
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ import opennlp.tools.util.Span;
/**
* Specifies the context of a mention for computing gender, number, and semantic compatibility.
+ *
+ * @see Mention
*/
public class Context extends Mention {
@@ -147,8 +149,8 @@ public class Context extends Mention {
return DictionaryFactory.getDictionary().getLemmas(word,"NN");
}
- /** Returns the token index into the mention for the head word.
- * @return the token index into the mention for the head word.
+ /**
+ * @return Retrieves the token index into the mention for the head word.
*/
public int getHeadTokenIndex() {
return headTokenIndex;
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/GenderModel.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/GenderModel.java
index ef5e753..6b8d2dd 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/GenderModel.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/GenderModel.java
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public class GenderModel implements TestGenderModel, TrainSimilarityModel {
private int neuterIndex;
private final String modelName;
- private final String modelExtension = ".bin.gz";
+ private final String modelExtension = ".bin";
private MaxentModel testModel;
private Collection<Event> events;
private final boolean debugOn = true;
@@ -66,21 +66,22 @@ public class GenderModel implements TestGenderModel, TrainSimilarityModel {
private final Set<String> maleNames;
private final Set<String> femaleNames;
- public static TestGenderModel testModel(String name) throws IOException {
+ public static GenderModel testModel(String name) throws IOException {
return new GenderModel(name, false);
}
- public static TrainSimilarityModel trainModel(String name) throws IOException {
+ public static GenderModel trainModel(String name) throws IOException {
return new GenderModel(name, true);
}
private Set<String> readNames(String nameFile) throws IOException {
Set<String> names = new HashSet<>();
- BufferedReader nameReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(nameFile));
- for (String line = nameReader.readLine(); line != null; line = nameReader.readLine()) {
- names.add(line);
+ try(BufferedReader nameReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(nameFile))) {
+ for (String line = nameReader.readLine(); line != null; line = nameReader.readLine()) {
+ names.add(line);
+ }
+ return names;
}
- return names;
}
private GenderModel(String modelName, boolean train) throws IOException {
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/MaxentCompatibilityModel.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/MaxentCompatibilityModel.java
index 03c8774..44d7ac3 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/MaxentCompatibilityModel.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/MaxentCompatibilityModel.java
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ public class MaxentCompatibilityModel {
private final double minGenderProb = 0.66;
private final double minNumberProb = 0.66;
- private static TestGenderModel genModel;
- private static TestNumberModel numModel;
+ private static GenderModel genModel;
+ private static NumberModel numModel;
private final boolean debugOn = false;
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/NumberModel.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/NumberModel.java
index 7c98e1c..96dadda 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/NumberModel.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/NumberModel.java
@@ -43,18 +43,18 @@ import opennlp.tools.util.TrainingParameters;
public class NumberModel implements TestNumberModel, TrainSimilarityModel {
private final String modelName;
- private final String modelExtension = ".bin.gz";
+ private final String modelExtension = ".bin";
private MaxentModel testModel;
private List<Event> events;
private int singularIndex;
private int pluralIndex;
- public static TestNumberModel testModel(String name) throws IOException {
+ public static NumberModel testModel(String name) throws IOException {
return new NumberModel(name, false);
}
- public static TrainSimilarityModel trainModel(String modelName) throws IOException {
+ public static NumberModel trainModel(String modelName) throws IOException {
return new NumberModel(modelName, true);
}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/SemanticEnum.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/SemanticEnum.java
deleted file mode 100644
index d900c95..0000000
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/SemanticEnum.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package opennlp.tools.coref.sim;
-
-public class SemanticEnum {
-
- private final String compatibility;
-
- /** Semantically compatible. */
- public static final SemanticEnum COMPATIBLE = new SemanticEnum("compatible");
- /** Semantically incompatible. */
- public static final SemanticEnum INCOMPATIBLE = new SemanticEnum("incompatible");
- /** Semantic compatibility Unknown. */
- public static final SemanticEnum UNKNOWN = new SemanticEnum("unknown");
-
- private SemanticEnum(String g) {
- compatibility = g;
- }
-
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return compatibility;
- }
-}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/SimilarityModel.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/SimilarityModel.java
index 143d575..7baa7b4 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/SimilarityModel.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/SimilarityModel.java
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ import opennlp.tools.util.TrainingParameters;
public class SimilarityModel implements TestSimilarityModel, TrainSimilarityModel {
private final String modelName;
- private final String modelExtension = ".bin.gz";
+ private final String modelExtension = ".bin";
private MaxentModel testModel;
private List<Event> events;
private int SAME_INDEX;
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/formats/muc/MucMentionInserterStream.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/formats/muc/MucMentionInserterStream.java
index 487816f..128cfbb 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/formats/muc/MucMentionInserterStream.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/formats/muc/MucMentionInserterStream.java
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import opennlp.tools.coref.CorefSample;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.DefaultParse;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.DefaultParse;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.Mention;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.MentionFinder;
import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.PTBHeadFinder;
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/lang/english/TreebankLinker.java b/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/lang/english/TreebankLinker.java
deleted file mode 100644
index adbaa17..0000000
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/lang/english/TreebankLinker.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
- * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package opennlp.tools.lang.english;
-
-import java.io.BufferedReader;
-import java.io.FileReader;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.InputStreamReader;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-
-import java.util.List;
-
-import opennlp.tools.coref.DefaultLinker;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.DiscourseEntity;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.Linker;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.LinkerMode;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.DefaultParse;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.Mention;
-import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.PTBMentionFinder;
-import opennlp.tools.parser.Parse;
-
-/**
- * Performs coreference for treebank style parses.
- * It will only perform coreference over constituents defined in the trees and
- * will not generate new constituents for pre-nominal entities or sub-entities in
- * simple coordinated noun phrases.
- * <p>
- * This linker requires that named-entity information also be provided.
- * This information can be added to the parse using the -parse option with EnglishNameFinder.
- *
- * @deprecated will be removed soon!
- */
-@Deprecated
-public class TreebankLinker extends DefaultLinker {
-
- public TreebankLinker(String project, LinkerMode mode) throws IOException {
- super(project,mode);
- }
-
- public TreebankLinker(String project, LinkerMode mode, boolean useDiscourseModel) throws IOException {
- super(project,mode,useDiscourseModel);
- }
-
- public TreebankLinker(String project, LinkerMode mode, boolean useDiscourseModel,
- double fixedNonReferentialProbability) throws IOException {
- super(project,mode,useDiscourseModel,fixedNonReferentialProbability);
- }
-
- @Override
- protected void initMentionFinder() {
- mentionFinder = PTBMentionFinder.getInstance(headFinder);
- }
-
- private static void showEntities(DiscourseEntity[] entities) {
- for (int ei = 0, en = entities.length; ei < en;ei++) {
- System.out.println(ei + " " + entities[ei]);
- }
- }
-
- /**
- * Identifies co-reference relationships for parsed input passed via standard in.
- * @param args The model directory.
- * @throws IOException when the model directory can not be read.
- */
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
- if (args.length == 0) {
- System.err.println("Usage: TreebankLinker model_directory < parses");
- System.exit(1);
- }
- BufferedReader in;
- int ai = 0;
- String dataDir = args[ai++];
- if (ai == args.length) {
- in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
- }
- else {
- in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(args[ai]));
- }
- Linker treebankLinker = new TreebankLinker(dataDir,LinkerMode.TEST);
- int sentenceNumber = 0;
- List<Mention> document = new ArrayList<>();
- List<Parse> parses = new ArrayList<>();
- for (String line = in.readLine();null != line;line = in.readLine()) {
- if (line.equals("")) {
- DiscourseEntity[] entities =
- treebankLinker.getEntities(document.toArray(new Mention[0]));
- //showEntities(entities);
- new CorefParse(parses,entities).show();
- sentenceNumber = 0;
- document.clear();
- parses.clear();
- }
- else {
- Parse p = Parse.parseParse(line);
- parses.add(p);
- Mention[] extents = treebankLinker.getMentionFinder().getMentions(new DefaultParse(p,sentenceNumber));
- //construct new parses for mentions which don't have constituents.
- for (Mention extent : extents) {
- //System.err.println("PennTreebankLiner.main: "+ei+" "+extents[ei]);
-
- if (extent.getParse() == null) {
- //not sure how to get head index, but its not used at this point.
- Parse snp = new Parse(p.getText(), extent.getSpan(), "NML", 1.0, 0);
- p.insert(snp);
- extent.setParse(new DefaultParse(snp, sentenceNumber));
- }
-
- }
- document.addAll(Arrays.asList(extents));
- sentenceNumber++;
- }
- }
- if (document.size() > 0) {
- DiscourseEntity[] entities = treebankLinker.getEntities(document.toArray(new Mention[0]));
- //showEntities(entities);
- (new CorefParse(parses, entities)).show();
- }
- }
-}
-
-
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/AbstractCorefTest.java b/opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/AbstractCorefTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a15c85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/AbstractCorefTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package opennlp.tools.coref;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
+
+public abstract class AbstractCorefTest {
+
+ private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractCorefTest.class);
+
+ private static final String BASE_URL_MODELS_V15 = "https://opennlp.sourceforge.net/models-1.5/";
+ protected static final Path OPENNLP_DIR = Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home") + "/.opennlp/");
+ protected static final String MODEL_DIR = "/models/coref/en";
+
+ protected static void downloadVersion15Model(String modelName) throws IOException {
+ downloadModel(new URL(BASE_URL_MODELS_V15 + modelName));
+ }
+
+ private static void downloadModel(URL url) throws IOException {
+ if (!Files.isDirectory(OPENNLP_DIR)) {
+ OPENNLP_DIR.toFile().mkdir();
+ }
+ final String filename = url.toString().substring(url.toString().lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
+ final Path localFile = Paths.get(OPENNLP_DIR.toString(), filename);
+
+ if (!Files.exists(localFile)) {
+ logger.debug("Downloading model from {} to {}.", url, localFile);
+ try (final InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(url.openStream())) {
+ Files.copy(in, localFile, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
+ }
+ logger.debug("Download complete.");
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefSampleDataStream.java b/opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefModelTest.java
similarity index 65%
copy from opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefSampleDataStream.java
copy to opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefModelTest.java
index 404c48f..a39ef93 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefSampleDataStream.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/CorefModelTest.java
@@ -17,26 +17,22 @@
package opennlp.tools.coref;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
-import opennlp.tools.util.FilterObjectStream;
-import opennlp.tools.util.ObjectStream;
+// TODO Create a test Coref model files
+public class CorefModelTest {
-public class CorefSampleDataStream extends FilterObjectStream<String, CorefSample> {
+ public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
- public CorefSampleDataStream(ObjectStream<String> in) {
- super(in);
- }
-
- public CorefSample read() throws IOException {
-
- String document = samples.read();
-
- if (document != null) {
- return CorefSample.parse(document);
- }
- else {
- return null;
+ if (args.length != 1) {
+ System.err.println("Usage: CorefModel projectDirectory");
+ System.exit(-1);
}
+
+ String projectDirectory = args[0];
+
+ CorefModel model = new CorefModel("en", projectDirectory);
+ model.serialize(new FileOutputStream("coref.model"));
}
}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/AbstractLinkerTest.java b/opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/AbstractLinkerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cccef8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/AbstractLinkerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package opennlp.tools.coref.linker;
+
+import opennlp.tools.coref.AbstractCorefTest;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.DiscourseEntity;
+import opennlp.tools.parser.Parser;
+import opennlp.tools.parser.ParserFactory;
+import opennlp.tools.parser.ParserModel;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+
+public abstract class AbstractLinkerTest extends AbstractCorefTest {
+
+ protected static final String PARSER_MODEL_NAME = "en-parser-chunking.bin";
+
+ protected static Parser parserEN;
+
+ static final String[] sentences = {
+ "Pierre Vinken, 61 years old, will join the board as a nonexecutive director Nov. 29 .",
+ "Mr. Vinken is chairman of Elsevier N.V. , the Dutch publishing group .",
+ "Rudolph Agnew, 55 years old and former chairman of Consolidated Gold Fields PLC , " +
+ "was named a director of this British industrial conglomerate ."
+ };
+
+ @BeforeAll
+ static void initEnv() throws IOException {
+ downloadVersion15Model(PARSER_MODEL_NAME);
+ final Path modelPath = OPENNLP_DIR.resolve(PARSER_MODEL_NAME);
+ ParserModel model = new ParserModel(modelPath);
+ parserEN = ParserFactory.create(model);
+ }
+
+ static void showEntities(DiscourseEntity[] entities) {
+ for (int ei = 0, en = entities.length; ei < en; ei++) {
+ System.out.println(ei + " " + entities[ei]);
+ }
+ }
+}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/DefaultLinkerTest.java b/opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/DefaultLinkerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b861ffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/DefaultLinkerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package opennlp.tools.coref.linker;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import opennlp.tools.cmdline.parser.ParserTool;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.AbstractCorefTest;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.CorefParse;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.DefaultParse;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.DiscourseEntity;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.Mention;
+import opennlp.tools.parser.Parse;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+
+public class DefaultLinkerTest extends AbstractLinkerTest {
+
+ // SUT - DefaultLinker
+ private Linker corefLinker;
+
+ /**
+ * @throws IOException when the model directory can not be read.
+ */
+ @BeforeEach
+ public void setUp() throws IOException {
+ final URL modelDirectory = getClass().getResource(AbstractCorefTest.MODEL_DIR);
+ assertNotNull(modelDirectory);
+ corefLinker = new DefaultLinker(modelDirectory.getPath(), LinkerMode.TEST);
+ assertNotNull(corefLinker);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Identifies co-reference relationships for parsed input.
+ */
+ @Test
+ public void testLinker() {
+ int sentenceNumber = 0;
+ List<Mention> document = new ArrayList<>();
+ List<Parse> parses = new ArrayList<>();
+
+ for (String sentence : sentences) {
+ Parse[] topParses = ParserTool.parseLine(sentence, parserEN, 1);
+ Parse p = topParses[0];
+
+ parses.add(p);
+ Mention[] extents = corefLinker.getMentionFinder().getMentions(new DefaultParse(p, sentenceNumber));
+ //construct new parses for mentions which don't have constituents.
+ for (Mention extent : extents) {
+ if (extent.getParse() == null) {
+ //not sure how to get head index, but it's not used at this point.
+ Parse snp = new Parse(p.getText(), extent.getSpan(), "NML", 1.0, 0);
+ p.insert(snp);
+ extent.setParse(new DefaultParse(snp, sentenceNumber));
+ }
+ }
+ document.addAll(Arrays.asList(extents));
+ sentenceNumber++;
+ }
+ assertFalse(document.isEmpty());
+
+ DiscourseEntity[] entities = corefLinker.getEntities(document.toArray(new Mention[0]));
+ assertNotNull(entities);
+ assertEquals(13, entities.length);
+ showEntities(entities);
+
+ CorefParse crParse = new CorefParse(parses, entities);
+ assertNotNull(crParse);
+ //crParse.show();
+ }
+
+}
+
+
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/TreebankLinkerTest.java b/opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/TreebankLinkerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27ee805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/linker/TreebankLinkerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package opennlp.tools.coref.linker;
+
+import opennlp.tools.cmdline.parser.ParserTool;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.AbstractCorefTest;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.CorefParse;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.DefaultParse;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.DiscourseEntity;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.mention.Mention;
+import opennlp.tools.parser.Parse;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+
+public class TreebankLinkerTest extends AbstractLinkerTest {
+
+ // SUT - TreebankLinker
+ private Linker corefLinker;
+
+ /**
+ * @throws IOException when the model directory can not be read.
+ */
+ @BeforeEach
+ public void setUp() throws IOException {
+ final URL modelDirectory = getClass().getResource(AbstractCorefTest.MODEL_DIR);
+ assertNotNull(modelDirectory);
+ corefLinker = new TreebankLinker(modelDirectory.getPath(), LinkerMode.TEST);
+ assertNotNull(corefLinker);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Identifies co-reference relationships for parsed input.
+ */
+ @Test
+ public void testLinker() {
+ int sentenceNumber = 0;
+ List<Mention> document = new ArrayList<>();
+ List<Parse> parses = new ArrayList<>();
+
+ for (String sentence : sentences) {
+ Parse[] topParses = ParserTool.parseLine(sentence, parserEN, 1);
+ Parse p = topParses[0];
+
+ parses.add(p);
+ Mention[] extents = corefLinker.getMentionFinder().getMentions(new DefaultParse(p, sentenceNumber));
+ //construct new parses for mentions which don't have constituents.
+ for (Mention extent : extents) {
+ if (extent.getParse() == null) {
+ //not sure how to get head index, but it's not used at this point.
+ Parse snp = new Parse(p.getText(), extent.getSpan(), "NML", 1.0, 0);
+ p.insert(snp);
+ extent.setParse(new DefaultParse(snp, sentenceNumber));
+ }
+ }
+ document.addAll(Arrays.asList(extents));
+ sentenceNumber++;
+ }
+ assertFalse(document.isEmpty());
+
+ DiscourseEntity[] entities = corefLinker.getEntities(document.toArray(new Mention[0]));
+ assertNotNull(entities);
+ assertEquals(13, entities.length);
+ showEntities(entities);
+
+ CorefParse crParse = new CorefParse(parses, entities);
+ assertNotNull(crParse);
+ //crParse.show();
+ }
+
+}
+
+
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/SemanticCompatibility.java b/opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/DefaultLinkerModelTrainingTest.java
similarity index 62%
rename from opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/SemanticCompatibility.java
rename to opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/DefaultLinkerModelTrainingTest.java
index 2c544c0..9dbe870 100644
--- a/opennlp-coref/src/main/java/opennlp/tools/coref/sim/SemanticCompatibility.java
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/test/java/opennlp/tools/coref/resolver/DefaultLinkerModelTrainingTest.java
@@ -15,26 +15,22 @@
* limitations under the License.
*/
-package opennlp.tools.coref.sim;
+package opennlp.tools.coref.resolver;
-/**
- * Class which models the semantic compatibility of an entity and the confidence of that association.
- */
-public class SemanticCompatibility {
-
- private final SemanticEnum type;
- private final double confidence;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.linker.DefaultLinker;
+import opennlp.tools.coref.linker.LinkerMode;
- public SemanticCompatibility(SemanticEnum type,double confidence) {
- this.type = type;
- this.confidence = confidence;
- }
+import java.io.IOException;
- public SemanticEnum getType() {
- return type;
- }
+// TODO Create a test for training model files
+public class DefaultLinkerModelTrainingTest {
- public double getConfidence() {
- return confidence;
+ public static void main(String[] args) {
+ try {
+ DefaultLinker dnr = new DefaultLinker(args[0], LinkerMode.TRAIN, false);
+ dnr.train();
+ } catch (IOException e) {
+ throw new RuntimeException(e);
+ }
}
}
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/test/resources/log4j2.xml b/opennlp-coref/src/test/resources/log4j2.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cef515
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/test/resources/log4j2.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+ http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+-->
+<Configuration>
+ <Appenders>
+ <Console name="STDOUT" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
+ <!--
+ The pattern can be adjusted as needed, see https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/layouts.html
+ -->
+ <PatternLayout pattern="%m%n"/>
+ </Console>
+ </Appenders>
+
+ <Loggers>
+ <Root level="WARN">
+ <AppenderRef ref="STDOUT"/>
+ </Root>
+ <Logger name="opennlp.tools.coref" level="DEBUG">
+ <AppenderRef ref="STDOUT"/>
+ </Logger>
+ </Loggers>
+</Configuration>
diff --git a/opennlp-coref/src/test/resources/models/coref/en/acronyms b/opennlp-coref/src/test/resources/models/coref/en/acronyms
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..940c517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opennlp-coref/src/test/resources/models/coref/en/acronyms
@@ -0,0 +1,14179 @@
+24KHGE 24 Karat Heavy Gold Electroplate
+2B1Q 2 Binary 1 Quaternary
+2D 2-Dimensional
+2QT2BSTR8 Too Cute To Be Straight
+3ACC 3A Central Control
+3D 3-Dimensional
+3DS Three D Studio
+3M Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing
+4GL Fourth Generation Language
+4H Head, Heart, Hands, Health
+4WD Four wheel Drive
+5XBCOER 5 X-Bar Central Office Equipment Reports
+A&A Astronomy and Astrophysics
+A&M Agricultural and Mechanical
+A&P Atlantic & Pacific
+A-D analog-to-digital
+A-E Architecture-Engineering
+A-T Ashton-Tate
+A-V Attribute-Value
+A-Z Allstates-Zenith
+A.C. Albany Corp.
+A.H. American Home
+A.I. artificial intelligence
+A.I. artificial intelligence
+A.I.R. Automobile Inspection and Readjustment
+A.I.R. Automobile Inspection and Readjustment
+A.J. Appeals Judge
+A.K.C. American Kennel Club
+A.M.A. American Medical Association
+A/D Analog to Digital converter
+A/D analog-to-digital
+A/P Accounts Payable
+A/R Accounts Receivable
+AA Administrative Assistant
+AA Administrative Authority
+AA Affirmative Action committee
+AA Alcoholics Anonymous
+AA American Airlines
+AA Antiaircraft Artillery
+AA Associate in Accounting
+AA Astronomy and Astrophysics
+AA Auto Answer
+AA Automobile Association
+AAA American Accounting Association
+AAA American Arbitration Association
+AAA American Automobile Association
+AAA Anti-Aircraft Artillery
+AAA anticommunist action alliance
+AAA anticommunist action alliance
+AAAAA American Association Against Acronym Abuse
+AAAAA An organization for drunks who drive
+AAAAAA Association for the Abolition of Abused Abbreviations and Asinine Acronyms
+AAAE American Association of Airport Executives
+AAAI American Academy of Allergy and Immunology
+AAAI American Association for Artificial Intelligence
+AAAL American Academy of Arts and Letters
+AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science
+AAAS The Association for Asian American Studies
+AAB All-to-All Broadcast
+AACC American Association of Clinical Chemistry
+AACE Ace Cash Express
+AACE Airborne Alternate Command Echelon
+AACE Aircraft Alerting Cockpit Equipment
+AACE Aircraft Alerting Communications EMP
+AACE Aircraft Alerting Communications Electromagnetic Pulse
+AACE Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education
+AACR Anglo-American Cataloging Rules
+AACR Anglo-American Cataloging Rules or American Association for Cancer Research
+AACR2 Anglo American Cataloguing Rules second edition
+AACR2 Anglo-American Cataloging Rules 2 science second edition
+AADR American Association for Dental Research
+AAES American Association of Engineering Societies
+AAES Australian Army Education Service
+AAFS American Association of Forensic Sciences
+AAGPSO Asian American Graduate and Professional Student Organization
+AAHSA American Association of Homes and Services for the Aging
+AAIA American Association of Independent Architects
+AAII American Association of Individual Investors
+AAJA Asian American Journalists Association
+AAL ATM Adaption Layer
+AAL1 Asynchronous transfer mode Adaptation Layer 1
+AALAS American Association for Laboratory Animal Science
+AALIA Associate of the Australian Library and Information Association
+AALL American Association of Law Libraries
+AAMSI American Association for Medical Systems Informatics
+AAO Anglo-Australian Observatory
+AAP Affirmative Action Program
+AAP Applications Access Point
+AAPA Asian American Psychological Association
+AAPG American Association of Petroleum Geologists
+AARA American Amateur Racquetball Association
+AARC Anglo-American Cataloging Rules
+AARC Austin Amateur Radio Club
+AARM Advanced Anti-Radiation Missile
+AARN Australian Academic Research Network
+AARN Australian Academic Research Networking
+AARNET Australian Academic and Research Network
+AARNet Australian Academic and Research Network
+AARP American Association of Retired Persons
+AARP American Association of Retired Persons
+AARP Appletalk ARP
+AARP American Association of Retired Persons
+AAS All-to-All Scatter
+AAS American Astronomical Society
+AAS Ancient Astronaut Society
+AASP ASCII Asynchronous Support Package
+AAT Amos AudioTool
+AAT Average Access Time
+AATF American Association of Teachers of French
+AATVC Austin Amateur TV Club
+AAU Amateur Athletic Union
+AAUI Apple Attachment Unit Interface
+AAUP American Association of University Presidents
+AAUP American Association of University Professors
+AAVI American Academy of Veterinary Informatics
+AAVSO American Association of Variable Star Observers
+AAX Automated Attendant eXchange
+AB Able-Bodied
+AB AktieBolag
+AB Asea Brown
+AB Asea Brown
+ABA American Bar Association
+ABA American Basketball Association
+ABA American Booksellers Association
+ABA American Bar Association
+ABA The American Bar Association
+ABACUS Association of Bibliographic Agencies of Britain, Australia, Canada and the United States
+ABACUS Association of British, Australian, Canadian and US National Libraries
+ABAG Association of Bay Area Governments
+ABARE Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics
+ABATS Automatic Bit Access Test System
+ABB ASEA Brown Boveri
+ABB Asea Brown Boveri
+ABB Asea Brown Boveri
+ABBR ABBReviation
+ABC Activity Based Costing
+ABC Activity-Based Costing
+ABC American Broadcasting Company
+ABC Atanasoff-Berry Computer
+ABC Audit Bureau of Circulations
+ABC Australian Broadcasting Commission
+ABCCC AirBorne Command Control Communication
+ABCCC Airborne Battlefield Command and Control Center
+ABCCC Airborne Command and Control Center
+ABCD Advanced Beam-Weapon Concept Definition
+ABCD Atomic, Biological, Chemical, Data
+ABCD Atomic, Biological, Chemical, Data warfare
+ABEL Advanced Boolean Expression Language
+ABEND Abnormal End
+ABET Accredidation Board for Engineering Technology
+ABET Accredidation Board for Engineering and Technology
+ABF American Bar Foundation
+ABF Application By Forms
+ABF Application-By-Forms
+ABF Arbetarnas BildningsForbund
+ABF Australian Boxing Federation
+ABGR Alpha Blue Green Red
+ABHC Average Busy Hour Calls
+ABI American Bell Inc
+ABI Application Binary Interface
+ABIOS Advanced BIOS
+ABLOY AB Lukko OY
+ABM Anti-Ballistic Missile
+ABM Antiballistic Missile
+ABM Asynchronous Balanced Mode
+ABN Arbeitsbeschaffungsmassnahme
+ABN Australian Bibliographic Network
+ABP alt.binaries.pictures
+ABP androgen binding protein
+ABP androgen binding protein
+ABS Absolute
+ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene-Styrene
+ABS Alternative Billing Service
+ABS American Bureau of Shipping
+ABS Antilock Braking System
+ABSBH Average Busy Season Busy Hour
+ABSOLOM Agreement By Sending Out Lots Of Memos
+ABT Abort
+ABTT Association of British Theatre Technicians
+ABW Aruba
+ABWR Advanced Boiling Water Reactor
+AC Access Control
+AC Adaptive Control
+AC Alternating Current
+AC Answer Center
+AC Ante Christum
+AC Ante Cibum
+AC Automatic Computer
+ACA Amercican Crystallographic Association
+ACAA Agricultural Conservation and Adjustment Administration
+ACAASU Atlantic Coast Asian American Student Union
+ACABQ Advisory Committee on Adminstrative and Budgetary Questions
+ACAS Aboriginal Children's Advancement Society
+ACAS Advisory Conciliation and Arbitration Service
+ACAS Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service
+ACAS Arbitration and Conciliation Advisory Service
+ACAT Acquisition Category
+ACAWS Advisory, Caution, And Warning System
+ACB Annoyance Call Bureau
+ACBL American Contract Bridge League
+ACC Accumulator
+ACC Argonne Code Center
+ACC Audio Communications Controller
+ACC Automatic Congestion Control
+ACCA Chartered Association Of Certified Accountants
+ACCESS Architects, Construction and Consulting Engineers Specialist Services
+ACCESS Australian Commercial Cassette Exchange and Screening Service
+ACCI Australian Computer and Communications Institute
+ACCRA American Chamber of Commerce Research Association
+ACCS Army Command and Control System
+ACCS Automated Calling Card Service
+ACCT Account
+ACD Automated Call Distribution
+ACD Automatic Call Distributor
+ACDA Automatic Call Disposition Analyzer
+ACDI Asynchronous Communications Device Interface
+ACE Advanced Composition Explorer
+ACE Advanced Computing Environments
+ACE Adverse Channel Enhancements
+ACE Agricultural Communicators in Education
+ACE Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
+ACE Automatic Calibration and Equalization
+ACE Automatic Calling Equipment
+ACE Automatic Computing Engine
+ACEC American Consulting Engineers Council
+ACEF Association Cooperative d'economie Familiale
+ACES Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society
+ACF Access Control Field
+ACF Advanced Communications Functions
+ACG All-Conditions Gear
+ACG Automotive Components Group
+ACG Automotive Components Group of General Motors
+ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
+ACH Attempt per Circuit per Hour
+ACH Automated Clearing House
+ACHEFT Automated ClearingHouse Electronic Funds Transfer
+ACI American Concrete Institute
+ACI advanced-chip-interconnection
+ACIAS Automated Calibration Internal Analysis System
+ACIM A Course In Miracles
+ACIS American Committee for Interoperable Systems
+ACJNet ACcess to Justice Network
+ACJNet ACcess to Justice Network of Canada
+ACK ACKnowledge
+ACK ACKnowledgement
+ACK Amsterdam Compiler Kit
+ACL Access Control List
+ACL Advanced Cmos Logic
+ACLAM American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine
+ACLIS Australian Council on Library and Information Services
+ACLS Advanced Cardiac Life Support
+ACLU American Civil Liberties Union
+ACLU American Civil Liberties Union
+ACLU the American Civil Liberties Union
+ACM Access Control Machine
+ACM Asbestos Containing Material
+ACM Association for Computing Machinery
+ACME A Company that Makes Everything
+ACME American Corporate Marketing Empire
+ACMS Application Control Management System
+ACO Acronym Control Officer
+ACO Animal Control Officer
+ACOF Attendant Control Of Facilities
+ACP ACtion Point
+ACP American College of Physicians
+ACP American Common Pistol
+ACP Ancillary Control Program
+ACP Auxillary Control Process
+ACPA American College Personnel Association
+ACQ Acquisition
+ACQ Annual Contracted Quantity
+ACRL Association of College & Research Libraries
+ACRL Association of College and Research Libraries
+ACRNEMA a medical imaging standard
+ACROMYMS Acronyms Can Reduce Overlong Names Yet Maintain Sense
+ACRONYM A Crazy Rationale Of Naming Your Mnemonics
+ACRONYM Abbreviated Coded Rendition Of Name Yielding Meaning
+ACROSS Automated Cargo Release and Operations Service System
+ACRS Accelerated Cost Recovery System
+ACRS Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards
+ACRS Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards
+ACRV Assured Crew Return Vehicle
+ACRV Astronaut Crew Rescue Vehicle
+ACS Access
+ACS Access Control System
+ACS Advanced Communications System
+ACS American Cancer Society
+ACS American Cancer Society
+ACS American Chemical Society
+ACS Asynchronous Communication Server
+ACS Australian Computer Science
+ACSE Association Control Service Entity
+ACSL Advanced Continuous Simulation Language
+ACSNET Acedemic Computing Services NETwork
+ACSU Advanced t-1 Channel Service Unit
+ACT American Conservatory Theater
+ACTD Advanced Concept Technology Demonstrations
+ACTEW Australian Capital Territory Electricity & Water
+ACTPU ACTivate Physical Unit
+ACTS Advanced Communications Technology Satellite
+ACTS Automated Coin Toll Service
+ACTS Automatic Coin Telephone Service
+ACTU Australian Council of Trade Unions
+ACTUP AIDS Coalition To Unleash Power
+ACU Alarm Control Unit
+ACU Automatic Call Unit
+ACU Automatic Calling Unit
+ACUNS Academic Council on the United Nations System
+ACW Alternating Continuous Waves
+ACWP Actual Cost of Work Performed
+ACeDB A Caenorhabditis elegans Database
+AD Addendum
+AD Administrative Domain
+AD After Date
+AD Analog to Digital converter
+AD Andorra
+AD Anno Domini
+AD Application Development
+AD&D Advanced Dungeons & Dragons
+ADA Air Defense Artillery
+ADA American Dental Association
+ADA Americans with Disabilties Act
+ADA Automatic Data Acquisitions
+ADA The American Dietetic Association
+ADABAS Adaptable DAta BAse System
+ADABAS Adaptable DAtaBAse System
+ADABAS Adaptable Database System
+ADABAS Adaptierbares DAtenBAnk System
+ADABAS adaptable database system
+ADAC Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club
+ADAC General German Automobile Club
+ADAP American Discount Auto Parts
+ADB A DeBugger
+ADB Apple Desktop Bus
+ADB Asian Development Bank
+ADB The Asian Development Bank
+ADC Adaptive Data Compression
+ADC Add with Carry
+ADC Aide-De-Camp
+ADC Aide-de-Camp
+ADC Amethyst Development Corporation
+ADC Analog to Digital Converter
+ADC analog-to-digital converter
+ADC analog-to-digital converter
+ADCAP ADvanced CAPability
+ADCC antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
+ADCC antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
+ADCCP Advanced Data Communications Control Procedure
+ADCI Automatic Display Call Indicator
+ADD Advanced Dungeons & Dragons
+ADDCP Advanced Data Communication Control Procedure
+ADEV Appletalk DEVice
+ADEW Andrew Development Environment Workbench
+ADF Automatic Direction Finder
+ADF Automatic Document Feed
+ADFA Australian Defence Forces Academy
+ADFRF Ames-Dryden Flight Research Facility
+ADHD Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
+ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
+ADI Acceptable Daily Intake
+ADI Anolog Device Inc
+ADI AutoCad Device Interface
+ADIZ Air Defense Identification Zone
+ADL Address Data Latch
+ADLAT Adaptive Lattice Filter
+ADM ADMiral
+ADM Additional Dealer Markup
+ADM Advanced Micro Devices
+ADMD Administration Management Domain
+ADMD Administrative Management Domain
+ADN Abbreviated Dialing Number
+ADP Adenosine Di-Phosphate
+ADP Administrative Data Processing
+ADP Advanced Data Processing
+ADP Automatic Data Processing
+ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
+ADPCM Pulse Code Modulation with Adaptive Quantization
+ADPE Automated Data Processing Equipment
+ADR Address
+ADR Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator
+ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution
+ADR American Depositary Receipt
+ADR American Depository Receipts
+ADR American depositary receipts
+ADR American Depository Receipts
+ADS Advanced Digital System
+ADS Application Development System
+ADS Astrophysics Data System
+ADS Audio Distribution System
+ADS Automatic Distribution System
+ADS Automatic Voice System
+ADS Auxilary Data System
+ADSC Address Status Changed
+ADSI Analog Digital Subscriber Interface
+ADSI Analog Display Services Interface
+ADSI Analog-Display Services Interface
+ADSI Analogue Display Service Interface
+ADSI Analouge Display Services Interface
+ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
+ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Loop
+ADSL Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Loop
+ADSM Advanced Distributed Storage Manager
+ADSN AFTAC Distributed Seismic Network
+ADSP AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol
+ADSR Attack Decay Sustain Release
+ADSR Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release
+ADSTAR Advanced Storage and Retrieval
+ADSU ATM Data Service Unit
+ADT Abstract Data Type
+ADT Application Data Types
+ADT Atlantic Daylight Time
+ADU Automatic Dialing Unit
+AE Above or Equal
+AE Acoustic Emission
+AE Application Engineering
+AE Application Entity
+AE Application Environment
+AE Application Execution
+AE United Arab Emirates
+AEA American Electronics Association
+AEA Atomic Energy Authority
+AEB Analog Expansion Bus
+AEC Architectural Engineering Construction
+AEC Atomic Energy Commission
+AECL Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
+AECMA Association Europeenne des Constructeurs de Materiel Aerospatial
+AECT Association for Educational Communications and Technology
+AECT Association of Educational Communications and Technology
+AEF American Expeditionary Force
+AEGEE Association des etats Generaux des etudiants de l'Europe
+AEGEE Associations des Etats Generaux des Etudiants de l'Europe
+AEGIS Advanced Electronic Guidance and Instrumentation System
+AEI Asynchronous transfer mode Electrical Interface
+AEI Australian Education Index
+AEK All-Electric Kitchen
+AERA American Educational Research Association
+AES Application Environment Specification
+AES Audio Engineering Society
+AES Auger electron spectroscopy
+AES Auger electron spectroscopy
+AES Aviation Education Systems
+AES Aviation Education Systems
+AEW Aldrich , Eastman & Waltch
+AF Address Family
+AF Adventures in Fantasy
+AF Afghanistan
+AF Air Force
+AF Audio Frequency
+AF Auxilary carry Flag
+AFACTS Automatic FACilities Test System
+AFADS Automatic Force Adjustment Data System
+AFAIK As Far As I Know
+AFATDS Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System
+AFB Air Force Base
+AFBPS Associate Fellow of the British Psychological Society
+AFC American Football Conference
+AFC Automatic Flight Control
+AFC Automatic Font Change
+AFC Automatic Frequency Control
+AFCAC Air Force Computer Acquisition Center
+AFCARS Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System
+AFCC Air Force Communications Command
+AFCEA Armed Forces Communication Electronics Association
+AFCEA Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association
+AFCET Association francaise des sciences et technologies de l'information et des systemes
+AFD Automatic File Distribution
+AFDC Aid for Families with Dependent Children
+AFDC Aid to Families with Dependent Children
+AFDC Aid to Families with Dependent Children
+AFDC Australian Film Development Corporation
+AFG Afghanistan
+AFGE American Federation of Government Employees
+AFI Authority and Format Identifier
+AFIAC As Far As I Am Concerned
+AFII Association for Font Information Interchange
+AFIPS American Federation of Information Processing Societies
+AFIS Automated Fingerprint Identification System
+AFIT Air Force Institute of Technology
+AFK Away From Keyboard
+AFL American Federation of Labor
+AFL American Football League
+AFL-CIO American Federation of Labor - Congress of Industrial Organisations
+AFL-CIO American Federation of Labor Congress of Industrial Organisations
+AFL-CIO American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations
+AFLCIO American Federation of Labor - Congress of Industrial Organizations
+AFLCIO American Federation of Labor Congress of Industrial Organizations
+AFM Adobe Font Metrics
+AFM Atomic Force Microscope
+AFNOR Association Francaise de NORmalization
+AFOS Automated Field Operations and Services
+AFOSI Air Force Office of Special Investigations
+AFP Appletalk Filing Protocol
+AFPsSI Associate Fellow of the Psychological Society of Ireland
+AFRCC Air Force Rescue Coordination Center
+AFRTS Armed Forces Radio and Television Service
+AFS Andrew File System
+AFSA American Fire Sprinkler Association
+AFSC Air Force Systems Command
+AFSCME American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees
+AFSK Automatic Frequency Shift Keying
+AFSME American Federation of State and Municipal Employees
+AFSME Association of Federal, State and Municipal Employees
+AFTAC Air Force Technical Applications Center
+AFTRA American Federation of Television and Radio Artists
+AFUU Association Francaise des Utilisateurs d'Unix
+AG Adjutant General
+AG Aktien-Gesellschaft
+AG Antigua And Barbuda
+AG Arcade Game
+AG Assurances Generales
+AG Attorney General
+AGARD Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development
+AGC Automatic Gain Control
+AGCS AG Communication Systems
+AGCT Army General Classification Test
+AGF Assurances Generales de France
+AGI adjusted gross income
+AGI adjusted gross income
+AGL Above Ground Level
+AGM Air to Ground Missile
+AGM Air-to-Ground Missile
+AGN Active Galactic Nucleus
+AGO Angola
+AGRI Association of Gypsies/Romani International
+AGS Alberta Geological Survey
+AGS Alternating Gradient Synchrotron
+AGSO Australian Geological Survey Organisation
+AGT average generation time
+AGT average generation time
+AGU American Geophysical Union
+AGV Automatic Guided Vehicle
+AGVS Automatic Guided Vehicle System
+AH Artificial Horizon
+AH Avalon Hill
+AHA American Homebrew Association
+AHA American Homebrewers Association
+AHC Association for History and Computing
+AHDL Analog Hardware Description Language
+AHL American Hockey League
+AHQ Air HeadQuarters
+AHS American Helicopter Society
+AHSME American High School Math Examination
+AHSME American High School Mathematics Examination
+AI Allegheny International
+AI Amnesty International
+AI Anal Intrusion
+AI Analog Input
+AI Anguilla
+AI Artifical Inteligence
+AI Artificial Insemination
+AI Artificial Intelligence
+AI Attitude Indicator
+AI artificial-intelligence
+AIA Aerospace Industries Association
+AIA Aerospace Industries Association of America
+AIA American Institute of Architects
+AIA Anguilla
+AIA Application Integration Architecture
+AIA Applications Integration Architecture
+AIAA American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
+AIAAJ AIAA Journal
+AIB Allied Irish Banks
+AIB Allied Irish Banks
+AIC Automatic Intercept Center
+AICC Automatic Intercept Communications Controller
+AICP American Institute of Certified Planners
+AICPA American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
+AIChE American Institute of Chemical Engineers
+AID Agency for International Development
+AID American Institute of Decorators
+AIDA Associazione Italiana per la Documentazione Avanzata
+AIDDE Ames' Interactive Dynamic Display Editor
+AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
+AIDS Acquired ImmunoDeficiency Syndrome
+AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
+AIESEC Association Internationale d'etudiants en Sciences economiques et Commerciales
+AIESEC Association Internationale en Sciences economiques et Commerce
+AIF Audio Interchange Format
+AIFF Amiga Image File Format
+AIFF Audio Interchange File Format
+AIFF Audio Interface Format
+AIG American International Group
+AIG American International Group
+AIIM Association for Information and Image Management
+AIIP Association of Independent Information Professionals
+AILA American Indian Library Association
+AIM Aid to Injured Motorcyclists
+AIM Air Interception Missile
+AIM Airman's Information Manual
+AIMS Advanced Inventory Management System
+AIN Advanced Intelligent Network
+AIOD Automatic Identification Outward Dialing
+AIPLA American Intellectual Property Law Association
+AIPS Astronomical Image Processing System
+AIR All India Radio
+AIR Alternative Internet Resource
+AIRS Artificial Intelligence Research Support
+AIS Action Item System
+AIS Arabidopsis Information Service
+AIS Automatic Intercept System
+AISB Association of Imaging Service Bureaus
+AISI American Iron and Steel Institute
+AISP Association of Information Systems Professionals
+AIX Advanced Interactive Executive
+AJ Astronomical Journal
+AJAX us & international government, intelligence & law enforcement Agency Acess
+AJL Association of Jewish Libraries
+AJPO ADA Joint Program Office
+AK Alaska
+AKA Also Known As
+AKC American Kennel Club
+AL Alabama
+AL Albania
+AL American League
+ALA American Library Association
+ALA Associate of the Library Association
+ALA Automobile Legal Association
+ALAA Associate of the Library Association of Australia
+ALAO Academic Library Association of Ohio
+ALAP AppleTalk-LocalTalk Link Access Protocol
+ALARA As Low As Reasonably Achievable
+ALAS Arthropods of La Selva
+ALB Albania
+ALBM Air-to-Land Ballistic Missile
+ALBO Automatic Line BuildOut
+ALC Arithmetic and Logic Circuits
+ALC Automatic Level Control
+ALC Automatic Load Control
+ALCOA Aluminum Co. of America
+ALCOA Aluminum Company of America
+ALCOA Aluminum Corporation of America
+ALCS Authors' Licensing and Collecting Society
+ALCTS Association for Library Collections & Technical Services
+ALE Address Latch Enable
+ALEG Address Lifetime Extension Group
+ALENA Accord de Libre Echange Nord-Americain
+ALENA Association de Libre-echange Nord-Americaine
+ALEP Advanced Language Engineering Platform
+ALEX Automatic Login Executor
+ALEXANDER A Large Eclectic Xylophone Always Needs Dirty Examples, Really
+ALEXIS Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors
+ALFA Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili
+ALFE Analog Line Front End
+ALGAE Association of Lesbian and Gay Acuson Employees
+ALGOL ALGOrithmic Language
+ALGOL Algorithmic Oriented Language
+ALI Automatic Location Indentification
+ALIA Australian Library and Information Association
+ALIB Algemene Leveringsvoorwaarden van Installatiebedrijven
+ALIC Arid Lands Information Center
+ALIT Automatic Line Insulation Testing
+ALJ Australian Library Journal
+ALL Acute Lymphcytic Leukemia
+ALM Asychronous Line Module
+ALM Asynchronous Line Multiplexer
+ALNOT ALert NOTice
+ALOHA Aboriginal Lands of Hawaiian Ancestry
+ALOS Administrative Level of Support
+ALOS Average Length Of Stay
+ALPA Air Line Pilots Association
+ALPA Airline Pilots Association
+ALPA Air Line Pilots Association
+ALPA the Air Line Pilots Association
+ALPO Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers
+ALR Advanced Logic Research Inc.
+ALR Advanced Logic Research, Inc.
+ALRU Automatic Line Record Update
+ALS Advanced Launch System
+ALS Automated List Service
+ALS accident localization system
+ALS accident localization system
+ALSEP Apollo Lunar Science Experiment Package
+ALSI Associazione nazionale dei Laureati in Scienze dell'informazione e Informatica
+ALT Alternate
+ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit
+AM Administrative Module
+AM Agricultural and Mechanical
+AM Air Marshal
+AM Alpes-Maritimes
+AM American
+AM Americium
+AM Amplitude Modulation
+AM Ante Meridiem
+AM Armenia
+AM anno mundi
+AMA Alberta Medical Association
+AMA American Medical Association
+AMA American Medical Association
+AMA Association for Model Aviation
+AMA Automatic Message Accounting
+AMACS Automatic Message Accounting Collection System
+AMANDDA Automated Messaging and Directory Assistance
+AMARC Automatic Message Accounting Recording Center
+AMASE Automatic Message Accounting Standard Entry
+AMAT Automatic Message Accounting Transmitter
+AMATPS Automatic Message Accounting TeleProcessing System
+AMBA Association of Master of Business Administration
+AMC Albany Medical College
+AMC All My Children
+AMC American Motors Corporation
+AMC American Movie Classics
+AMC American Multi-Cinema
+AMD Active Matrix Display
+AMD Advanced Micro Devices Inc.
+AMD Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
+AMD Air Movement Device
+AMERITECH AMERican Information TECHnologies
+AMEX AMerican EXpress
+AMEX American Stock Exchange
+AMI Alternate Mark Inversion
+AMI American Medical International
+AMI American Micro System Inc
+AMI American Medical International
+AMIA American Medical Informatics Association
+AMIA American Medical Informatics Associations
+AMIS Audio Message Interchange Standard
+AMIS Australian Museums Information System
+AMMA Advanced Memory Management Architecture
+AMORC Ancient & Mystic Order Rosae Crucis
+AMORC Ancient Mystic Order Rosae Crucis
+AMP Adenosine MonoPhosphate
+AMP Australian Mutual Provident
+AMP Australian Mutual Provident
+AMPAC AMerican PACific
+AMPAS Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
+AMPAS Acedemy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
+AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service
+AMPTP Association of Motion Picture and Television Producers
+AMRAAM Advanced Medium Range Air to Air Missile
+AMRAAM Advanced Medium Range Air-To-Air Missile
+AMROC American Rocket Company
+AMS American Mathematical Society
+AMS Atomic Mass Spectroscopy
+AMSAT radio AMateur SATellite corp.
+AMT Active Memory Technology
+AMT Advanced Manufacturing Technology
+AMT Alternative Minimum Tax
+AMT Alternative Minimum Tax
+AMT alternative minimum tax
+AMT Alternative Minimum Tax
+AMU Atomic Mass Unit
+AMVET AMerican VETeran
+AMWAY AMerican WAY
+AN Associated Number
+AN Netherlands Antilles
+ANA American Numismatic Association
+ANA American Nurses Association
+ANA Automatic Number Announcement
+ANAC Automatic Number Announcemnt Circuit
+ANARE Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
+ANC African National Congress
+ANC All Number Calling
+ANC American Network Communications
+ANC Army Nurse Corps
+ANC African National Congress
+ANC the African National Congress
+ANCOVA Analysis of Covariance
+AND Andorra
+ANDF Architecture-Neural Distribution Format
+ANDF Architecture-Neutral Distribution Format
+ANF AppleTalk Networking Forum
+ANF Automatic Number Forwarding
+ANG Air National Guard
+ANI Automatic Number Identification
+ANIF Automatic Number Identification Failure
+ANKC Australian National Kennel Club
+ANL Argonne National Laboratory
+ANOVA ANalysis Of VAriance
+ANPA American Newspaper Publishers Association
+ANSA Association of Norwegian Students Abroad
+ANSI American National Standards Institute
+ANSTO Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
+ANT Netherlands Antilles
+ANU Australian National University
+ANZ Australia & New Zealand
+ANZ Australia & New Zealand
+ANZAC Australia and New Zealand Army Corps
+ANZUS Australia, New Zealand, United States
+AO Account Of
+AO Analog Output
+AO Angola
+AOA Abort Once Around
+AOB Association of Brewers
+AOCS Attitude and Orbit Control System
+AOE Application Operating Environment
+AOEL Acceptable Operator Exposure Level
+AOI Automatic Optical Inspection
+AOL Absent Over Leave
+AOL America Online
+AOP Annual Operating Plan
+AOPA Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association
+AOQ Average Outgoing Quality
+AOR Adult Oriented Rock
+AORN Association of Operating Room Nurses
+AOS Academic Operating System
+AOS Acousto-Optic Spectrometer
+AOS Acquisition of Signal
+AOS Add Or Subtract
+AOS Alternate Operator Service
+AOSS Auxilliary Operator Service System
+AOTBE All Other Things Being Equal
+AOU American Ornithologists' Union
+AOW Asia and Oceania Workshop
+AP Accounts Payable
+AP Additional Premium
+AP Adjunct Processor
+AP All Points
+AP Application Process
+AP Application Processor
+AP Associated Press
+AP Attached Processor
+AP according to people
+AP associated press
+AP associated press
+AP acceptable parameters
+AP associate professor
+APA Adaptive Packet Assembly
+APA All Points Addressable
+APA American Philological Association
+APA American Philosophical Association
+APA American Psychological Association
+APA Arithmetic Processing Accelerator
+APA Asian Pacific American
+APAC Appalachian People's Action Coalition
+APAIS Australian Public Affairs Information Service
+APAR Authorized Program Analysis Report
+APAREN Address Parity Enable
+APAS Advanced Passive Acoustic Sensor
+APB All Points Bulletin
+APC AMARC Protocol Converter
+APC Association for Progressive Communications
+APCHQ Association Provinciale Des Constructeurs D'Habitations Du Quebec
+APCUG Association of PC User Groups
+APDA Apple Programmers and Developers Association
+APDU Application Protocol Data Unit
+APDU Association of Public Data Users
+APE APplication Engineering
+APEC Asian Pacific Economic Community
+APETQ Association Professionnelle des Enseignants de Technologie du Quebec
+APF Asia-Pacific Fellowship
+APFIM atom probe field ion microscopy
+APFIM atom probe field ion microscopy
+APFSDS Armor-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot
+APG Aberdeen Proving Ground
+API American Petroleum Institute
+API American Petroleum Institute
+API Application Program Interface
+API Application Programming Interface
+API American Petroleum Institute
+API the American Petroleum Institute
+APICS American Production and Inventory Control Society
+APJ Astrophysical Journal
+APL A Programming Language
+APL acute promyelocytic leukemia
+APM Advanced Power Management
+APM Attached Pressurized Module
+APMQ Association professionnelle des meteorologistes du Quebec
+APN Asia Pacific Networx
+APO Alpha Phi Omega
+APO Army Post Office
+APP Application Portability Profile
+APP Applications Portability Profile
+APPA Association of Physical Plant Administrators
+APPC Advance Program-to-Program Communication
+APPC Advanced Peer-to-Peer Communications
+APPC Advanced Program-to-Program Communication
+APPC Advanced Program-to-Program Communications
+APPC Advanced Program-to-Program Communications
+APPI Advanced Peer-to-Peer Internetworking
+APPLE Ariane Passenger PayLoad Experiment
+APPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking
+APR American Public Radio
+APR Annual Percentage Rate
+APRA American Prospect Research Association
+APRA American popular revolutionary alliance
+APRA American popular revolutionary alliance
+APS American Physical Society
+APS American Psychological Society
+APS Asynchronous Protocol Specification
+APS Automatic Protection Switch
+APSE Ada Programming Support Environment
+APT Address Pass Through
+APT Analytical Proprietary Trading
+APT Automatically Programmed Tools
+APT Analytical Proprietary Trading
+APU Auxiliary Power Unit
+APUD Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxilation
+APWR Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor
+APWR Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor
+APWU American Postal Workers Union
+APhA American Philological Association
+AQ Accumulator-Quotient register
+AQ Antarctica
+AQHA American Quarter Horse Association
+AQL Acceptable Quality Level
+AR Accounts Receivable
+AR Address Register
+AR Alarm Report
+AR Anti-Reflective
+AR Argentina
+AR Arkansas
+ARA Apple Remote Access
+ARADCOM Army Air Defense Command
+ARAL ARomatisch-ALiphatisch
+ARAMIS American Rheumatic Arthritis Medical Information System
+ARAP Appletalk Remote Access Protocol
+ARAR Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirement
+ARC Alberta Research Council
+ARC American Red Cross
+ARC Ames Research Center
+ARC Assistant Regional Commissioner
+ARC Audio Response Controller
+ARCA Advanced RISC Computing Architecture
+ARCA Automobile Race Car Association
+ARCI Associazione Ricreativa Culturale Italiana
+ARCO Atlantic Richfield COmpany
+ARCS Accelerated Recovery Cost System
+ARCS Accounts Receivable Control System
+ARCnet Attached Resource Computer Network
+ARD Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Rundfunkanstalten Deutschlands
+ARE Acronym Rich Environment
+ARE Acronym-Rich Environment
+ARE United Arab Emirates
+ARF Armenian Revolutionary Federation
+ARF Armenian Revolutionary Federation
+ARG Argentina
+ARIS Audichron Recorded Information System
+ARIST Annual Review of Information Science and Technology
+ARL Adjusted Ring Length
+ARL Association of Research Libraries
+ARL The Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin
+ARLL Advanced Run Length Limited
+ARM Acorn Risc Machine
+ARM Adjustable Rate Mortgage
+ARM Advanced RISC Machines
+ARM Annotated Reference Manual
+ARM Anti Radiation Missile
+ARM Armenia
+ARM Asynchronous Response Mode
+ARM Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program
+ARM adjustable rate mortgages
+ARM Angelo R. Mazilo
+ARMA Association of Records Managers and Administrators
+ARMINJUS Argentinian Access to Ministry of JUstice
+ARMM Automated Retroactive Minimal Moderation
+ARN afferent renal nerve
+ARN afferent renal nerve
+ARNES Academic and Research Network of Slovenia
+ARO After Receipt of Order
+ARO Austin Repeater Organization
+ARP Address Resolution Protocol
+ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency
+ARPAC Atlantic Regional Pesticide Advisory Committee
+ARPANet Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
+ARPI Award Rates of Pay Index
+ARPL Adjust Requested Privilege Level
+ARQ Automatic Repeat reQuest
+ARRL Amateur Radio Relay League
+ARRL American Radio Relay League
+ARROW Antiresonant Reflecting Optical Waveguide
+ARS Alternate Route Selection
+ARSA Airport Radar Service Area
+ARSB Automated Repair Service Bureau
+ARSSG Acquisition Reform Senior Steering Grou
+ART Adaptive Resonance Theory
+ARTCC Air Route Traffic Control Center
+ARTEMIS Advanced Relay TEchnology MISsion
+ARTIC A Real-Time Interface Copressor
+ARU Audio Response Unit
+ARV American Revised Version
+AS American Samoa
+AS Anglo-Saxon
+AS Autonomous System
+AS3AP ANSI SQL Standard Scalable and Portable
+ASA Acetyl Salicylic Acid
+ASA Acoustical Society of America
+ASA American Standards Association
+ASA Astronomical Society of the Atlantic
+ASAA Asian Studies Association of Australia
+ASAE American Society of Agricultural Engineers
+ASAIGAC As Soon As I Get A Chance
+ASAP As Soon As Possible
+ASAP Australian Science Archives Project
+ASAP Automatic Switching And Processing
+ASARS Advanced Synthetic Aperature Radar System
+ASC Accredited Standards Committee
+ASC Additional Sense Code
+ASCAP American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers
+ASCC Automatic Sequence-Controlled Calculator
+ASCD Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development
+ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers
+ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
+ASCME Association of State, County, and Municipal Employees
+ASCO American Society of Clinical Oncology
+ASCOB Any Solid Color Other than Black
+ASCOM US 8th Army base
+ASCQ Additional Sense Code Qualifier
+ASD Adjustable Speed Drives
+ASDAL Association of Seventh-day Adventist Librarians
+ASDB Asian Development Bank
+ASDF Air Self Defence Force
+ASDFASDF Apparently the user is fondling the keyboard
+ASDIC Anti-Submarine Detection Investigation Committee
+ASDL ASymmetric Digital Loop
+ASDL ASymmetric Digital subscriber Loop
+ASDL Association for the Society of Deliberate Lesbians
+ASDSP Application-Specific Digital Signal Processor
+ASEE American Society for Engineering Education
+ASET Alberta Society of Engineering Technologists
+ASET Applied Science and Engineering Technology
+ASFSA American School Food Service Association
+ASG Automated Sciences Group
+ASHA American Speech Hearing and Language Association
+ASHA American Speech and Hearing Association
+ASHRAE Amer. Soc. of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-cond. Engineers, inc.
+ASI Agenzia Spaziale Italiano
+ASI Asynchronous SCSI Interface
+ASI Automatic System Installation
+ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
+ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
+ASIC application-specific-integrated-circuit
+ASID American Society of Interior Designers
+ASIO Asynchronous Start I/O
+ASIO Asynchronous Start Input/Output
+ASIS American Society for Information Science
+ASIT Advanced Security and Identification Technology
+ASK Amplitude Shift Keying
+ASL Adaptive Speed Levelling
+ASL American Sign Language
+ASL Arithmetic Shift Left
+ASLA Australian School Library Association
+ASLAP American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners
+ASM Alternate Stimulus Mode Protocol
+ASM American Samoa
+ASM American Society of Metals
+ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
+ASN Abstract Syntax Notation
+ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One
+ASN1 Abstract Syntax Notation One
+ASOC Administrative Service Oversight Center
+ASOS Automated Surface Observation System
+ASP Aggregated Switch Procurement
+ASP Appletalk Session Protocol
+ASP Association of Shareware Professionals
+ASP a special program
+ASPCA American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
+ASPEN Automatic System for Performance Evaluation of the Network
+ASPI Advanced SCSI Programming Interface
+ASPJ Airborne Self-Protection Jammer
+ASPS Advanced Signal Processing System
+ASQC American Society for Quality Control
+ASR Airport Surveillance Radar
+ASR Arithmetic Shift Right
+ASR Association of Student Representatives
+ASR Automatic Send-Receive
+ASR Automatic Speech Recognition
+ASR0 Arithmetic Shift Right toward zero
+ASRM Advanced Solid Rocket Motor
+ASRS Aviation Safety Reporting System
+ASSET Asset Source for Software Engineering Technology
+ASSQ Association des Statisticiennes et Statisticiens du Quebec
+ASSR Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
+AST AST Research Inc.
+AST AST Research, Inc.
+AST Applied System Technology
+AST Asyncronous System Trap
+AST Atlantic Standard Time
+ASTD American Soceity for Training and Development
+ASTD American Society for Training Development
+ASTM American Society for Testing & Materials
+ASTM American Society of Testing and Materials
+ASV American Standard Version
+ASW Anti-Submarine Warfare
+ASWA American Society of Women Accountants
+ASYNC Asynchronous
+AT Access Tandem
+AT Advanced Technology
+AT America's Talking
+AT Atlantic Time
+AT Attention
+AT Austria
+AT&T American Telephone & Telegraph
+AT&T American Telephone & Telegraph Co.
+AT&T American Telephone and Telegraph
+ATA AT Attachment
+ATA AT Bus Attachment
+ATA Air Transport Association
+ATA Air Transport Association of America
+ATA Airport Traffic Area
+ATA Antarctica
+ATA Automatic Trouble Analysis
+ATA-2 Advanced Transfer Adapter -2
+ATACC Advanced Tactical Air Command Central
+ATB Advanced Technology Bomber
+ATB All Trunks Busy
+ATC Air Traffic Control
+ATC Atsugi Technical Center
+ATC Automatic Transmission Control
+ATCALS Amazing Torture Cats and Laugh Society
+ATDNet Advanced Technology Demonstration Network
+ATDP Attention Dial Pulse
+ATDRS Advanced Tracking and Data Relay Satellite
+ATDT Attention Dial Tone
+ATE Automated Test Equipment
+ATE Automatic Test Equipment
+ATF Advanced Technology Fighter
+ATF French Southern Territories
+ATG Advanced Technology Group
+ATG Antigua And Barbuda
+ATH Abbreviated Trouble History
+ATH Attention Hang-Up
+ATI American Therapeutics Inc.
+ATI Automatic Test Inhibit
+ATI American Therapeutics Inc.
+ATIS Atherton Tools Interface Specification
+ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service
+ATIS Automatic Transmitter Identification System
+ATK Alliant Techsystems Inc.
+ATK Alliant Techsystems, Inc.
+ATK Andrew ToolKit
+ATL Another Three Letter acronym
+ATL Atlanta, Georgia airport
+ATLA Another Three Letter Acronym
+ATLAS Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science
+ATM Able Toastmaster
+ATM Adobe Type Manager
+ATM Adobe Typeface Manager
+ATM Amateur Telescope Maker
+ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
+ATM Automated Teller Machine
+ATM Automatic Teller Machine
+ATM automated teller machines
+ATM automatic teller machines
+ATM automated teller machines
+ATM automatically transferring money
+ATM-DXI Asynchronous Transfer Mode-Data eXchange Interface
+ATMDXI ATM Data eXchange Interface
+ATMS Automated Trunk Measurement System
+ATN Automated Test Network
+ATO Abort To Orbit
+ATOMICMAIL A Trademark On MAGICMAIL is Impossible; Clearly Monikers Are Inhibited by Legalisms
+ATOMS AT&t Optimized Materials Simulator
+ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate
+ATP Airline Transport Pilot
+ATP All Tests Pass
+ATP Appletalk Transaction Protocol
+ATP2 AppleTalk Phase 2
+ATPCO Airline Tariff Publishing COmpany
+ATR Alternate Trunk Routing
+ATR Automatic Target Recognition
+ATR Automatic Terminal Recognition
+ATRS Automated Trouble Reporting System
+ATS Abstract Test Suite
+ATS Administrative Terminal System
+ATS Apple Terminal Services
+ATS Automated Test System
+ATS automated trading system
+ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
+ATSR Along Track Scanning Radiometer
+ATT American Telephone & Telegraph
+ATTC American Towing Tank Conference
+ATTC Automatic Transmission Test and Control circuit
+ATTCOM American Telephone & Telegraph COMmunications
+ATTGIS AT&T/Global Information Solutions
+ATTIS American Telephone and Telegraph Information Systems
+ATTN Attention
+ATTRIB Attribute
+ATV All Terrain Vehicle
+ATWT As The World Turns
+AU Arithematic Unit
+AU Astronomical Unit
+AU Australia
+AUB American University of Beirut - Beirut, Lebanon
+AUDI Auto Union Deutscher Industrie
+AUDIT Automated Data Input Terminal
+AUDIX AUDio Information eXchange
+AUFORA The Alberta UFO Research Association
+AUI Attached Unit Interface
+AUI Attachment Unit Interface
+AUI Attachment Universal Interface
+AUP Acceptable Use Policy
+AUP Appropriate Use Policies
+AURA Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy
+AURI Agricultural Utilization Research Institute
+AUS Army of the United States
+AUS Australia
+AUSIT Australian Institute of Interpreters and Translators
+AUT Austria
+AUTO Automatic
+AUTODIN AUTOmatic DIgital Network
+AUTOSEVCOM AUTOmatic SEcure Voice COMmunications
+AUTOVON AUTOmatic VOice Network
+AUX Apple UniX
+AUX Auxiliary
+AUXF AUXillary Frame
+AV AudioVisual
+AVA Audio Visual Authoring
+AVC American Veterans Committee
+AVC American Veterans Committee
+AVC Audio Visual Connection
+AVCC Australian Vice-Chancellors' Committee
+AVCC Australian Vive-Chancellors'Committee
+AVCS American Veterinary Computer Society
+AVD Alternate Voice Data
+AVG Average
+AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
+AVI Audio Visual Interleaved
+AVLIS Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation
+AVMA American Veterinary Medical Association
+AVO Amperes-Volts-Ohms
+AVO Australian Valuation Office
+AVSSCS Audio-Visual Service-Specific Convergence Sublayer
+AW Another World
+AW Aruba
+AW&ST Aviation Week and Space Technology
+AWACS Airborne Warnings And Control Systems
+AWB Afrikaner Weerstand Beweging
+AWEA American Wind Energy Association
+AWG American Wire Gauge
+AWGTGTATA Are We Going To Go Through All This Again?
+AWIS Association for Women in Science
+AWK Aho, Weinberger, Kernighan
+AWK al Aho, peter Weinberger, brian Kernigham
+AWOC Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee
+AWOC Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee
+AWOL Absent WithOut Leave
+AWOL Absent WithOut official Leave
+AWOS Automated Weather Observing System
+AWPA American Wire Producers Association
+AWS Advanced Workstations and Systems
+AWST Aviation Week and Space Technology
+AWWA American Water Works Association
+AX Architecture Extended
+AX Automatic Transmission
+AX25 Amateur Radio X25
+AXAF Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility
+AXBT Airborne eXpendable BathyThermograph
+AXP Advanced architecture Processor
+AY Arther Young
+AYNIL Attack Your Nose, It's Leaking
+AZ Arizona
+AZ Azerbaijan
+AZE Azerbaijan
+Access Accessory
+AceNET Appalachian Cooperative Economics Network
+Acronym A Concise Reduction of Nomenclature Yielding Mnemonics
+Alcoa Aluminum Co. of America
+Alcoa Aluminum Company of America
+Alcoa Aluminum Corporation of America
+Alfa Anonima Lombardia Fabbrica Automobili, SpA
+B Book
+B Byte
+B bit
+B&W Babcock & Wilcox
+B-ISDN Basic Integrated Servcies Digital Network
+B-ISDN Basic rate Integrated Servcies Digital Network
+B-ISDN Broadband - Integrated Services Digital Network
+B.U. Boston University
+B.V. breakup value
+B/B Back-to-Back
+B/F Background/Foreground
+B2X Binary To Hexadecimal
+B5 Babylon 5
+B6ZS Bipolar with 6 Zero Subsitution
+B8ZS Binary 8 Zero Substitution
+B911 Basic 911
+BA Bachelor of Arts
+BA Bosnia And Herzegovina
+BA Butler Aviation
+BA BA Acquisition
+BA Butler Aviation
+BAA British Airports Authority
+BABCOM Babylon 5 Communication system
+BACH Business Alliance for Commerce in Hemp
+BAFO Best And Final Offer
+BAGNET Bay Area Gigabit NETwork
+BAH Booz-Allen and Hamilton
+BAK Binary Adaption Kit
+BAL Basic Assembly Language
+BALUN BALanced to UNbalanced
+BAM Boyan Action Module
+BAM Brooklyn Academy of Music
+BAM Brooklyn Academy of Music
+BAM the Brooklyn Academy of Music
+BAMAF BELLCORE AMA Format
+BANCS Bell Administrative Network Communications System
+BAPCO Bellsouth Advertising & Publishing COmpany
+BAR Browning Automatic Rifle
+BARCO Belgian American Radio Corporation
+BARD Bodleian Access to Remote Databases
+BARRNET Bay Area Regional Research Network
+BART Bay Area Rapid Transit
+BART Bay Area Rapid Transport
+BART Bay Area Rapid Transit
+BART the Bay Area Rapid Transit
+BARTS Bell Atlantic Regional Timesharing
+BASEBALL Boys Always Swing Easy; Boys Also Live Longer
+BASF Badische Anilin- und Sodafabrik
+BASH Bourne-Again SHell
+BASIC Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
+BASIC Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instuction Code
+BASM Built-In Assembler
+BATF Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms
+BATNEEC best available techniques not entailing excessive costs
+BATSE Burst And Transient Source Experiment
+BAV Bundesdeutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Veranderliche
+BAe British Aerospace
+BB Barbados
+BB Bases on Balls
+BB Best of Breed
+BB Bunnies and Burrows
+BBA Bachelor of Business Administration
+BBB Better Business Bureau
+BBB Better Business Bureau
+BBB Better Business Bureaus
+BBB Better Business Bureaus
+BBC Bergen Brunswig Corp.
+BBC British Broadcasting Corp
+BBC British Broadcasting Corp.
+BBC British Broadcasting Corporation
+BBC Bergen Brunswig Corp.
+BBC British Broadcasting Corp.
+BBFN Bye-Bye For Now
+BBIAB Be Back In A Bit
+BBIAW Be Back In A While
+BBL Barrel
+BBL Be Back Later
+BBN Bolt, Beranek, and Newman Inc.
+BBN Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, Inc.
+BBP Baseband Processor
+BBS Bulletin Board System
+BBSRC Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
+BBXRT Broad-Band X-Ray Telescope
+BC Battlecars
+BC Before Christ
+BC British Columbia
+BC/BS Blue Cross/Blue Shield
+BCA Billiards Congress of America
+BCA Billiards Congress of America
+BCA the Billiards Congress of America
+BCBS Blue Cross/Blue Shield
+BCC Blank Carbon Copy
+BCC Blind Carbon Copy
+BCC Block Check Character
+BCC Blocked Call Cleared
+BCCI Bank of Credit and Commerce International
+BCD Bad Conduct Discharge
+BCD Binary Coded Decimal
+BCD Blocked Call Delayed
+BCD binary-coded-decimal
+BCDIC Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
+BCE Before the Common Era
+BCE Bell Canada Enterprises
+BCL Batch Command Language
+BCMA British Columbia Medical Association
+BCNU Be Seeing You
+BCP Binary Communications Protocol
+BCP Bulk Copy Program
+BCP Byte Controlled Protocols
+BCPL Basic Combined Programming Language
+BCPL Basic Computer Programming Language
+BCR Bell Communications Research
+BCR Byte Count Register
+BCS Bachelor of Commercial Science
+BCS Batch Change Supplement
+BCS Binary Compatibility Standard
+BCS Boston Computer Society
+BCS British Computer Society
+BCSC British Columbia Systems Corporation
+BCWP Budgeted Cost of Work Performed
+BCWS Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled
+BD Bachelor of Divinity
+BD Bangladesh
+BD Bank Draft
+BD Bills Discounted
+BD&D Basic Dungeons & Dragons
+BDA Battle Damage Assessment
+BDA Bomb Damage Assessment
+BDC Boston Development Center
+BDD Basic Dungeons & Dragons
+BDDN Broadband Data Dissemination Network
+BDDP Boulet Dru Dupuy Petit
+BDDP Boulet Dru Dupuy Petit
+BDF Bidirectional Distribution Function
+BDF Binary Distribution Format
+BDF Bitmap Description Format
+BDF Bitmap Distribution Format
+BDI Burundi
+BDOS Basic Disk Operating System
+BDSM Bondage & Domination, Sado-Masochism
+BDT Billing Data Transmitter
+BDT Bulk Data Transfer
+BDU Brain Dead User
+BE Back End
+BE Belgium
+BE Below or Equal
+BE Bill of Exchange
+BEA Bureau of Economic Analysis
+BEAV Binary Editor And Viewer
+BEBC Big European Bubble Chamber
+BEBC Big European Bubble Chamber
+BECAUSE BEnchmark of Concurrent Architectures for their Use in Scientific Engineering
+BED Hanscom Field, Bedford MA
+BEF Band Elimination Filter
+BEF British Expeditionary Force
+BEI Banque Europeenne d'Investissement
+BEI European Investment Bank
+BEL Belgium
+BEL Bell
+BELCORE BELL COmmunications REsearch
+BELLCORE BELL COmmunications REsearch
+BEM Bug Eyed Monster
+BEM Bug-Eyed Monster
+BEN Benin
+BENELUX BElgium, NEtherlands, and LUXembourg
+BER Basic Encoding Rules
+BER Bit Error Rate
+BERKOM Berliner Kommunikationssystem
+BERT Bit Error Rate Test
+BERT Bit Error Rate Tester
+BEST Borland Enhanced Support and Training
+BET Black Entertainment Television
+BETRS Basic Exchange Telecommunications Radio Service
+BF Bad Flag
+BF Brought Forward
+BF Burkina Faso
+BFA Bachelor of Fine Arts
+BFA Burkina Faso
+BFD Big Fucking Deal
+BFD Boulder Fire Department
+BFD Bristol Fire DEpartment
+BFE Bum Fuck Egypt
+BFG Big Friendly Giant
+BFG Big Fucking Gun
+BFHD Big Fat Hairy Deal
+BFL Buffered FET Logic
+BFO Beat Frequency Oscillator
+BFPO British Forces Posted Overseas
+BFR Biennial Flight Review
+BFT Binary File Transfer
+BG Bulgaria
+BGC BubbleGum Crisis
+BGD Bangladesh
+BGE Branch if Greater or Equal
+BGP Border Gateway Protocol
+BGP-4 Border Gateway Protocol 4
+BGP4 Border Gateway Protocol version 4
+BGR Bulgaria
+BGT Branch if Greater Than
+BH Bahrain
+BH Black Hole
+BH Boot Hill
+BHA Butylated HydroxyAnisole
+BHC Busy Hour Calls
+BHI Branch if Higher
+BHIS Branch if Higher or Same
+BHP Brake HorsePower
+BHP Broken Hill Proprietary
+BHP Broken Hill Proprietary
+BHR Bahrain
+BHS Bahamas
+BHT Butylated HydroxyToluene
+BHUSD Beverly Hills Unified School District
+BI Backplane Interconnect
+BI Bibliographic Instruction
+BI Binary Input
+BI Burundi
+BI Bus Interconnect
+BIABH Bringing It All Back Home
+BIBLE Basic Instructions Before Leaving Earth
+BICMOS BIpolar Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
+BICS Building Industry Consulting Services
+BICSI Building Industry Consulting Service International
+BID Bis In Die
+BID Inter-American Development Bank
+BID Twice a day
+BIDS Bath Information & Data Services
+BIDS Bath Information and Data Services
+BIF Before I Forget
+BIF Binary Information File
+BIG Bond Investors Group
+BIG Bond Investors Group
+BIG Bond Investors Guaranty
+BIH Bosnia And Herzegovina
+BILBO Built-In Logic Block Observer
+BIM Beginning of Information Marker
+BIMA Berkeley Illinois Maryland Array
+BIMOS BiPolar Metal Oxide Semicondutor Transistor
+BINAC Binary Automatic Computer
+BIND Berkeley Internet Name Domain
+BIOC Break Into Other Computers
+BIONICS BIOlogical ElectroNICS
+BIOS Basic Input Output System
+BIOS Basic Input/Output System
+BIOS Bioregional On-line Information Service
+BIOSIS BioSciences Information Service
+BIP Books in Print
+BIP Banque Internationale de Placement
+BIP Banque Internationale de Placement
+BIS Boundary Intermediate System
+BIS Business Information System
+BISA Book Industry Systems Advisory Committee
+BISDN Broadband - Integrated Services Digital Network
+BISDN Broadband ISDN
+BISP Business Information System Program
+BIST Built-In Self Test
+BISYNC Binary Synchronous Communications
+BIT Binary digIT
+BIT Bipolar Integrated Technology Inc
+BITNET Because-It's-There Network
+BITS Biotechnology Information Toolkit Software
+BITS Building Integrated Timing System
+BIU Bus Interface Unit
+BIX Byte Information Exchange
+BJ Benin
+BK Burger King
+BK Burger King
+BKS bosonic knotted string
+BKS bosonic knotted string
+BKSP Backspace
+BL Backlit
+BL Bill of Loading
+BL Burnham Lambert
+BLAISE British Library Automated Information Service
+BLAS Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines
+BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
+BLAST Blocked Asynchronous Transmission
+BLDC LoaD a Bit to the Carry bit
+BLDS Busy Line/Don't Answer
+BLE Branch if Less or Equal
+BLER Block Error Rate
+BLERT BLock Error Rate Test
+BLEU Belgium Luxemburg Economic Union
+BLF Busy Lamp Field
+BLF Busy Line Field
+BLIS Brunel Library and Information Service
+BLK Block
+BLM Bureau of Land Management
+BLM Bureau of Land Management
+BLMC Buried Logic Macrocell
+BLOB Binary Large Object
+BLOBS Binary Large OBjectS
+BLOS Branch if Lower Or Same
+BLR Belarus
+BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics
+BLS Business Listing Service
+BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics
+BLS the Bureau of Labor Statistics
+BLT BLock Transfer
+BLT BLock Transfer Instruction
+BLT Bacon, Lettuce, and Tomato
+BLV Busy Line Verification
+BLZ Belize
+BM Basal Metabolism
+BM Bermuda
+BM Bowel Movement
+BM Boyer-Moore
+BM Breakdown Maintenance
+BMA Bank Marketing Association
+BMA Business Men 's Assurance
+BMC Bell Mueller Cannon
+BMC Bell Mueller Cannon
+BMDO Ballistic Missile Defense Organization
+BMEWS Ballistic Missile Early Warning
+BMEWS Ballistic Missile Early Warning System
+BMFSOB Big Mother Fucking Son Of a Bitch
+BMG Bloomington, IN
+BMI Branch if Minus
+BMI Broadcast Music Inc.
+BMIC BusMaster Interface Controller
+BMISPMIANR Bite Me. I Shall Prevail. Mine Is A Noble Race.
+BMJ British Medical Journal
+BMM Borrowed Military Manpower
+BMO Ballistic Missile Office
+BMOC Big Man On Campus
+BMP Batch Message Processing Program
+BMP Benchmark Plan
+BMP bone morphogenetic protein
+BMP bone morphogenetic protein-1
+BMR Basal Metabolism Rate
+BMRC British Medical Research Council
+BMT Beam Management Terminal
+BMU Bermuda
+BMUG Berkeley Macintosh User Group
+BMUG Berkeley Macintosh Users' Group
+BMW Bavarin Motor Works
+BMW Bayerische Motoren Werke
+BMW Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
+BMW Bayerische MotorenWerke
+BMW Bayerische MotorenWerke AG
+BMWMOA BMW Motorcycle Owners of America
+BMWRA BMW Riders Association International
+BN Brunei Darussalam
+BNA Blackwell North America Inc.
+BNA Blackwell North America, Inc.
+BNA Bureau of National Affairs
+BNC Bayonet Navy Connector
+BNC Bayonet Neill Concelman
+BNC Berkley Nucleonics Corporation
+BNC British Naval Connectors
+BNCC Base Network Control Center
+BNE Branch if Not Equal
+BNET Berkeley NETworking
+BNF Bachus-Naur Form
+BNFL British Nuclear Fuels Ltd
+BNP Banque Nationale de Paris
+BNR Bell-Northern Research
+BNRCVUUCP Batch News ReCeive Via UUCP
+BNS Billed Number Screening
+BNSC British National Space Centre
+BNU Basic Networking Utilities
+BO Binary Output
+BO Body Odor
+BO Bolivia
+BO Branch Office
+BO Buyer's Option
+BOA Ban On Acronyms
+BOB Blonde on Blonde
+BOC Bell Operating Company
+BOC British Oxygen Company
+BOCES Board Of Cooperative Educational Services
+BOCES Board of Cooperative Educational Servcies
+BOCES Bureau of Cooperative Education and Service
+BOD Board Of Directors
+BOF Birds Of a Feather
+BOFH Bastard Operators From Hell
+BOHICA Bend Over Here It Comes Again
+BOHICA Bend Over, Here It Comes Again
+BOJ Bank of Japan
+BOKU Universitat fur Bodenkultur Wien
+BOL Bolivia
+BOM Beginning Of Message
+BOM Bill Of Materials
+BOM Book Of Mormon
+BONDING Bandwidth ON Demand INteropability Group
+BOOM Binocular Omni-Oriented Monitor
+BOOTP Bootstrap Protocol
+BOQ Bachelor Officers' Quarters
+BOR Basic Output Report
+BORPQU Borland Pro Quattro
+BORQU Borland Quattro
+BORSCHT Battery, Overvoltage, Ringing, Supervision, Coding, Hybrid Test
+BOS Basic Operating System
+BOS Boston MA
+BOS Business Office Supervisor
+BOSIX Biin Open System Interface eXtension
+BOSS Billing and Order Support System
+BOSS Business Online Scheduling System
+BOT Beginning Of Tape
+BOYBBF Bend Over You Bohemian Butt Fucker
+BP BP Petroleum
+BP Base Pointer
+BP Blood Pressure
+BP British Petroleum
+BP British Pharmacopoeia
+BP British Petroleum
+BPA Bonneville Power Administration
+BPA Bonneville Power Administration
+BPB BIOS Parameter Block
+BPC Battery Park City
+BPC BPCA President and CEO
+BPC Battery Park City
+BPC the Battery Park City
+BPCA Battery Park City Authority
+BPCA Battery Park City Authority
+BPCA the Battery Park City Authority
+BPEO Best Practical Environmental Options
+BPEO Best Practical Environmental Options
+BPI Bits Per Inch
+BPI Blocks Per Inch
+BPI Bytes Per Inch
+BPL Branch if PLus
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+BPM Beats per Minute
+BPOC Bell Point Of Contact
+BPOE Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks
+BPPS Basing-Point Pricing System
+BPR Business Process Re-engineering
+BPR Business Process Reengineering
+BPS Bits Per SEcond
+BPS Bytes Per Second
+BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
+BPSS Basic Packet-Switching Service
+BR Bad Register
+BR Bills Receivable
+BR Brazil
+BR British Rail
+BRA Boston Redevelopment Authority
+BRA Brazil
+BRAC Bangladesh Rural Assistance Committee
+BRAC Base Realignment And Closure committee
+BRAC Base Realignment and Closure
+BRAT Business Residence Account Tracking system
+BRB Barbados
+BRB Be right back.
+BRC Business Reply Card
+BRCS Business Residence Custom Service
+BRDF Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function
+BRGC Binary Reflected Gray Code
+BRI Basic Rate Interface
+BRI Brain Response Interface
+BRI basic-rate-interface
+BRIEF Basic Reconfigurable Interactive Editing Facility
+BRL Ballistics Research Lab
+BRL army Ballistic Research Laboratory
+BRM Basic Remote Module
+BRN Brunei Darussalam
+BRS Bibliographic Retrieval Service
+BS Bachelor of Science
+BS Back Space
+BS Bahamas
+BS Banded Signaling
+BS Bethlehem Steel
+BS Bill of Sale
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+BS Bethlehem Steel
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+BSA Birmingham Small Arms
+BSA Bovine Serum Albumin
+BSA Boy Scouts of America
+BSAM Basic Sequential Access Method
+BSBH Busy Season Busy Hour
+BSC Bachelor of SCience
+BSC Binary Synchronous Communications
+BSC Business Service Center
+BSCM BiSynchronous Communications Module
+BSCS Bachelor of Science in Computer Science
+BSD Berkeley Software Distribution
+BSD Berkeley Software Distributions
+BSD Berkely Standard Distribution
+BSDI Berkeley Software Design Inc
+BSDI Berkeley Software Design, Inc
+BSDR British Society for Dental Research
+BSE Basic Service Element
+BSF Bell Shock Force
+BSF Bit Scan Forward
+BSI British Standards Institute
+BSI British Standards Institution
+BSMTP Batched SMTP
+BSN Bachelor of Science in Nursing
+BSOC Bell Systems Operating Company
+BSOM Beats the Shit Outa Me
+BSOOM Beats the Shit out of Me
+BSOTWU Bad Spellers Of The World Untie!
+BSP Bell System Practice
+BSPP British Society for Plant Pathology
+BSPP Burma Socialist Program Party
+BSPP Burma Socialist Program Party
+BSPP Burma Socialist Program Party
+BSR Bit Scan Reverse
+BSRFS Bell System Reference Frequency Standard
+BSS Basic Synchronized Subset
+BSS Block Started by Symbol
+BSSDF Bidirectional Surface-Scattering Distribution Function
+BST Basic Services Terminal
+BSTC STore the Carry bit to a Bit
+BSTJ Bell System Technical Journal
+BSV BASIC Bsave Graphics
+BSW Boston Software Works
+BSY Busy
+BSYNC Binary Synchronous Communications
+BT Bankers Trust
+BT Bhutan
+BT Bit Test
+BT British Telecom
+BT Bus Terminator
+BT Bankers Trust
+BTAM Basic Telecommunications Access Method
+BTB Branch Target Buffer
+BTC Bit Test and Complement
+BTCS BiberTel Consulting Services
+BTDF Bidirectional Transmission Distribution Function
+BTDT Been There, Done That
+BTEC Business and Technology Education Council
+BTHOOM Beats The Hell Out Of Me
+BTHU British Thermal Unit
+BTL Backplane Transceiver Logic
+BTL Bell Telephone Laboratories
+BTL backplane-transceiver-logic
+BTN Bhutan
+BTN Billing Telephone Number
+BTO Bachman Turner Overdrive
+BTOL Better Than Open Look
+BTP Batch Transfer Program
+BTPON Business Telephony on Passive Optical Network
+BTR Bit Test and Reset
+BTRON Business TRON
+BTS Bit Test and Set
+BTS Board Tracking System
+BTSOOM Beats the shit out of me
+BTU British Thermal Unit
+BTU British thermal unit
+BTU British thermal unit
+BTW By The Way
+BTX Bildschirm-TeXt
+BTX BildschirmTeXt
+BU Boston University
+BU Brunel University
+BU Bushido
+BU Business Units
+BUAF Big Ugly Ascii Font
+BUBL BUlletin Board for Libraries
+BUF Big Ugly Fellow
+BUF Buffer
+BUFF Big Ugly Fat Fellow
+BUFORA The British UFO Research Association
+BUMS Brunel University Mountaineering Society
+BURP Big Ugly Rock Piece
+BURP Brewers United for Real Potables
+BUS Basic Utility System
+BUSU Brunel University Students Union
+BUT Board Under Test
+BUTT Part of the body used for sitting and going to the bathroom
+BV Blessed Virgin
+BV Bouvet Island
+BVA Billing Validation Application
+BVC Billing Validation Center
+BVI British Virgin Islands
+BVI British Virgin Islands
+BVI the British Virgin Islands
+BVT Bouvet Island
+BVY Beverly MA
+BW Biological warfare
+BW Botswana
+BW Business Wire
+BWA Botswana
+BWC BandWidth Compression
+BWI Baltimore-Washington International
+BWI British West Indies
+BWM Block-Write Mode
+BWM Broadcast Warning Message
+BWT Broadcast Warning TWX
+BWTS BandWidth Test Set
+BX Base eXchange
+BY Belarus
+BY Byelorussian Ssr
+BYOB Bring Your Own Beer
+BYOB Bring Your Own Book
+BYOB Bring Your Own Booze
+BYOB Bring Your Own Bottle
+BYS Byelorussian Ssr
+BYTE Binary Element String
+BYU Brigham Young University
+BZ Belize
+BZD BenZoDiazepine
+BZW Barclays de Zotte Wedd
+BZW BeZiehungsWeise
+BiDi Bidirectional
+BiSYNC Binary Synchronous Communications
+BitBlt Bit BLock Transfer
+BoB Break-out Box
+BoB Bureau of the Budget
+C C Programming Language
+C Copper
+C programming language
+C&P Chesapeake & Potomac
+C&S Chivalry & Sorcery
+C&T Chips and Technologies
+C&T Communications & Tracking
+C-CASE component-CASE
+C.A.I.P. Catholic Association for International Peace
+C/D Control Data
+C/O in Care Of
+C/S Client Server
+C/S Client/Server
+C2D Character To Decimal
+C2X Character To Hexadecimal
+C3I Command Control Communications & Intelligence
+C3I Command, Control, Communication and Intelligence
+C3I Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence
+C4I Command, Control, Communication, Computers and Intelligence
+CA CAble
+CA California
+CA Canada
+CA Central America
+CA Chartered Accountant
+CA Chief Accountant
+CA Chronological Age
+CA Collision Avoidance
+CA chromosomal aberrations
+CA chromosomal aberrations
+CAA Civil Aviation Authority
+CAA Clean Air Act
+CAA Creative Artists Agency
+CAAC Civil Aviation Administration of China
+CAAC Civil Aviation Administration of China
+CAASHHE Canadian Association Against Sexual Harassment in Higher Education
+CAB Civil Aeronautics Board
+CABG Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
+CABS Carrier Access Billing System
+CAC Calling-card Authorization Center
+CAC Carrier Access Code
+CAC Circuit Administration Center
+CAC Climate Analysis Center
+CAC Climate Analysis Center of NOAA
+CAC Connection Admission Control
+CAC Customer Administration Center
+CACCl Climate Analysis Center
+CACCl Climate Analysis Center of NOAA
+CACM Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery
+CACS Center for Advanced Computer Studies
+CAD Computer Aided Design
+CAD Computer Aided Design
+CAD Computer-Aided Design
+CAD Computer-Aided Dispatch
+CAD computer-aided-design
+CADD Computer-Aided Design and Drafting
+CADV Combined Alternate Data/Voice
+CAE Common Applications Environment
+CAE Computer-Aided Education
+CAE Computer-Aided Engineering
+CAE computer-aided-engineering
+CAF Central African Republic
+CAFE Corporate Average Fuel Economy
+CAFF the program for the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna
+CAFFU Combined Allied Forces Fuck Up
+CAG Column Address Generator
+CAGD Computer-Aided Geometric Design
+CAGE Commercial And Government Entity
+CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate
+CAI Call Assembly Index
+CAI Computer Aided Instruction
+CAI Computer Application Inc
+CAI Computer Assisted Instruction
+CAIS Colocated Automatic Intercept System
+CAIS Common Apse Interface Specification
+CAJ Canadian Association of Journalists
+CAL Calendar
+CAL Computer Aided Learning
+CALL Computer Assisted Language Learning
+CALL computer aided language learning
+CALRS Centralized Automatic Loop Reporting System
+CALS Commerce At Light Speed
+CALS Continuous Acquisition and Life cycle Support
+CAM Common Access Method
+CAM Competency Acquisition and Maintenance
+CAM Computer-Aided Manufacturing
+CAM Content Addressable Memory
+CAM Contents Addressable Memory
+CAMA Centralized Automatic Message Accounting
+CAMAC Computer Automated Measurement And Control
+CAMEO Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations
+CAMIS Center for Advanced Medical Informatics at Stanford
+CAMM Computer Assisted Material Management
+CAMP Campaign Against Marijuana Planting
+CAMRA CAMpaign for Real Ale
+CAMS Competency Acquisition & Maintenance System
+CAMS Computer Aided Manufacturing Systems
+CAMS Consolidated Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
+CAN Campus Area Network
+CAN Canada
+CAN Cancel
+CANOLA CANada Oil Low Acid
+CANOPUS Canadian Auroral Network for the Open Program Unified Study
+CAO Chief Administrative Officer
+CAOS City of Austin Open Systems
+CAP Central Arbitration Point
+CAP Civil Air Patrol
+CAP Columbia Appletalk Package
+CAP Communication Application Platform
+CAP Competency Acquisition Program
+CAP Computer Aided Publishing
+CAPCOM CAPsule COMmunicator
+CAPCOM CAPsule COMmunicator - the person in charge of all voice comms from ground to a space vehicle
+CAPD Computing To Assist Persons With Disabilities
+CAPP Computer Aided Process Planning
+CAPS Capitals
+CAPS Cassette Programming System
+CAPSE Computer Aided Parallel Software Engineering
+CAPTAIN Character And Pattern Telephone Access Information Network
+CAR Central African Republic
+CAR Computer Access & Retrieval
+CAR Contents of the Address part of the Register
+CARAS Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences
+CARDS Comprehensive Approach to Reusable Defense Software
+CARE Committee on American Relief in Europe
+CARL California Academic and Research Librarians
+CAROT Centralized Automatic Reporting On Trunks
+CARP California Air Resources Board
+CARS Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy
+CART Championship Auto Racing Teams
+CAS Circuit Associated Signaling
+CAS Column Address Select
+CAS Communicating Application Specification
+CAS Communications Application Specification
+CAS Computer Aided Styling
+CAS Computerized Autodial System
+CASA Chinese-American Students Association
+CASA the Contemporary A cappella Society of America
+CASE Common Application Service Element
+CASE Computer Aided Software Engineering
+CASE Computer-aided-software-engineering
+CASE computer-aided-software-engineering
+CASE computer-aided-software-engineering
+CASI Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute
+CASI Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager
+CASL Crosstalk Application Scripting Language
+CASMAC Core Australian Specification for Management and Administrative Computing
+CASS Computer Assisted Search Service
+CASSCF Complete Active-Space Self-Consistent Field
+CASSIS Classification and Search Support Information System
+CASSIS Classified and Search Support Information System
+CAST Centre d'Appui Scientifique et Technologique
+CAT California Achievement Test
+CAT Computer Aided Tomography
+CAT Computer Aided Transcription
+CAT Computer Assisted Typesetter
+CAT Computer-Aided Tomography
+CAT Craft Access Terminal
+CAT Customer Acceptance Test
+CAT conCATenate
+CAT California Achievement Test
+CATF Commander Amphibious Task Force
+CATI Computer Aided Telephone Interviewing
+CATIS Common Applications and Tools Integration Services
+CATLAS Centralized Automatic Trouble Locating and Analysis System
+CATS Computer Assisted Training System
+CATV Cable Television
+CATV Community Antenna TeleVision
+CAU Connection Arrangement Unit
+CAUS Citizens Against UFO Secrecy
+CAV Constant Angular Velocity
+CAVEAT Citizens Against Violence Everywhere Advocating its Termination
+CAVU Ceiling And Visibility Unlimited
+CAW Canadian Auto Workers Union
+CB Citizens Band radio
+CB Consolidated Bathurst
+CBBS Computer Bulletin Board System
+CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corp
+CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
+CBC Carolina Bird Club
+CBC Complete Blood Count
+CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corp
+CBCR Channel Byte Count Register
+CBD Cash Before Delivery
+CBD Central Business District
+CBD Commerce Business Daily
+CBEMA Computer & Business Equipment Manufacturers Association
+CBEMA Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers Association
+CBERS China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite
+CBGB Country BlueGrass and Blues
+CBGB Country music and Blue Grass Blues
+CBGB Country, Blue Grass and Blues
+CBI Computer Based Instruction
+CBI Confederation of British Industry
+CBI Confederation of British Industry
+CBI the Confederation of British Industry
+CBIS Cincinnati Bell Information Systems
+CBJ City and Borough of Juneau
+CBJ City and Borough of Juneau Alaska
+CBL Computer Based Learning
+CBLA Carolina Brown Lung Association
+CBM Commodore Business Machines
+CBOE Chicago Board Options Exchange
+CBOE Chicago Board Options Exchange
+CBOE the Chicago Board Options Exchange
+CBOT Chicago Board Of Trade
+CBOT Chicago Board of Trade
+CBP Coded Block Pattern
+CBR Case-Based Reasoning
+CBR Chemical, Biological, Radiological warfare
+CBR Constant Bit Rate
+CBR Cosmic Background Radiation
+CBS Columbia Broadcasting System
+CBS CrossBar Switching
+CBT Center for Building Technology
+CBT Center for Building Technology
+CBT Computer Based Training
+CBT Core Based Tree
+CBW Chemical and Biological Warfare
+CBW Convert Byte to Word
+CBX Computer-Controlled Branch Exchange
+CBX Computerized Branch eXchange
+CC Carbon Copy
+CC Center Conductor
+CC Central Control
+CC Cluster Controller
+CC Cocos Islands
+CC Common Control
+CC Cost Center
+CC Country Code
+CC Keeling Islands
+CC continuous-composite
+CCA Computer Corporation of America
+CCAFS Cape Canaveral Air Force Station
+CCC Canadian Committee on Cataloging
+CCC Central Control Complex
+CCC Ceramic Chip Carriers
+CCC Civil Conservation Corps
+CCC Civilian Conservation Corps
+CCC Command, Control, and Communications
+CCC Computer Control Center
+CCC Concourse Computer Center
+CCCCM CCC CounterMeasures
+CCCI Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence
+CCCT Canadian Centre for Creative Technology
+CCD Charge Coupled Device
+CCD Charged-Coupled Device
+CCD Computer-Controlled Display
+CCDS Centers for the Commercial Development of Space
+CCF Hundred Cubic Feet
+CCFT Cold Cathode Fluorescent Tube
+CCH Connections per Circuit per Hour
+CCHFA Canadian Committee on Health Facilities Accreditation
+CCHSE Canadian College of Health Service Executives
+CCI Computer Carrier Interrupt
+CCI Computer Consoles Incorporated
+CCI Computer Consoles, Incorporated
+CCIM Certified Commercial Investment Member
+CCIP Continuously Computed Impact Point
+CCIR Comite' Consultatif International des Radio Communications
+CCIRN Coordinating Committee for Intercontinental Research Networks
+CCIS Common Channel Interoffice Signaling
+CCITT Comite' Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique
+CCITT Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone
+CCITT International Consultative Committee for Telegraphy and Telephony
+CCK Cocos Islands
+CCK Computers by Constantin Kyriazopoulos
+CCK Keeling Islands
+CCL Console Command Language
+CCNC Common Channel Network Controller
+CCNC Communications Network Center
+CCNC Computer Network Center
+CCP Colombian communist party
+CCP Colombian communist party
+CCP Console Command Processor
+CCP crypt cell proliferation
+CCP crypt cell proliferation
+CCR Commitment, Concurrency, and Recovery
+CCR Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions
+CCR Creedence Clearwater Revival
+CCR Customer-Controlled Reconfiguration
+CCRI Community College of Rhode Island
+CCRP Continuously Computed Release Point
+CCS Combat Control System
+CCS Common Channel Signaling
+CCS Common Command Set
+CCS Common Communications Support
+CCS Continuous Composite Servo
+CCS Hundred Call Seconds
+CCS7 Common Channel Signalling version #7
+CCSA Common Control Switching Arrangement
+CCSD Canadian Council on Social Development
+CCT Central Control Terminal
+CCT Computer & Communication Technology
+CCTA Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency
+CCTAC Computer Communications Trouble Analysis Center
+CCTV Closed Circuit TeleVision
+CCU COLT Computer Unit
+CCV Calling Card Validation
+CCW Counter ClockWise
+CD Carrier Detect
+CD Certificate of Deposit
+CD Certificate of deposit
+CD Change Directory
+CD Civil Defense
+CD Collision Detection
+CD Color Display
+CD Compact Disk
+CD certificate of deposit
+CD certificates of deposit
+CD certificates of deposits
+CD circular dichroism
+CD circular dichroism
+CD compact-disk
+CD-I CD-Interactive
+CD-I Compact Disk - Interactive
+CD-I Compact-Disc Interactif
+CD-MO Compact Disk - Magneto Optical
+CD-R Compact Disk - Recordable
+CD-RDx Compact Disk - Read Only Memory Data Exchange Standard
+CD-ROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory
+CD-ROM Compact Disk Read-Only Memory
+CD-RTOS Compact Disk - Real Time Operating System
+CD-V Compact Disk - Video
+CD-WO Compact Disk - Write Once
+CD-XA Compact Disk - Extended Architecture
+CDA Call Data Accumulator
+CDA Canadian Dental Association
+CDA Coin Detection and Announcement
+CDA Compound Document Architecture
+CDAR Customer Dialed Account Recording
+CDB Command Descriptor Block
+CDB Customer Distributed Buglist
+CDBG Community Development Block Grant
+CDBG Community Development Block Grant
+CDBG Community Development Block Grant
+CDC California Democratic Council
+CDC Centers for Disease Control
+CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
+CDC Control Data Corp.
+CDC Control Data Corporation Inc.
+CDC Control Data Corporation, Inc.
+CDCF Cumulative Discounted Cash Flow
+CDDA CD-ROM Direct Access
+CDDI Copper Distributed Data Interface
+CDE Complex Data Entry
+CDEV Control panel DEVice
+CDF Combined Distributing Frame
+CDF Context-Dependent File
+CDG Control Dependence Graph
+CDI CD-interactive
+CDI Circle Digit Identification
+CDI Course Deviation Indicator
+CDIAC Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
+CDIF Case Data Interchange Format
+CDL City Development Ltd.
+CDL Computer Design Language
+CDL City Development Ltd.
+CDM Cold Dark Matter
+CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
+CDMA code division multiple access
+CDMO Centre de Droit Maritime et Oceanique
+CDO Community Dial Office
+CDOCS Classified Document Control System
+CDOS Concurrent Disk Operating System
+CDP Career Development Program
+CDP Certificate in Data Processing
+CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data
+CDPR Customer Dial Pulse Receiver
+CDPX ChlorDiazePoXide
+CDR Call Detail Recording
+CDR Call Dial Rerouting
+CDR CommanDeR
+CDR Contents of the Decrement part of the Register
+CDR Critical Design Review
+CDRH Center for Devices and Radiological Health
+CDRH Center for Devices and Radiological Health
+CDRL Contract Data Requirements List
+CDROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory
+CDS Craft Dispatch System
+CDS Current Directory Structure
+CDSF Commercially Developed Space Facility
+CDT Call Data Transmitter
+CDT Central Daylight Time
+CDT computer-driven trading
+CDT computer-driven trading
+CDU Christian Democratic Union
+CDU Control Display Unit
+CDU Christian Democratic Union
+CDV Cell Delay Variation
+CDW Charge Density Wave
+CDW Charge Density Wave
+CDW Collision Damage Waiver
+CDW Computer Discount Warehouse
+CD_CHRDY Card Channel Ready
+CDint Computing Devices International
+CE Cache Enable
+CE Chemical Engineer
+CE Chip Enable
+CE Civil Engineer
+CE Collision Elimination
+CE Common Era
+CE Convert Enable
+CE Corps of Engineers
+CE Coulomb-Explosion
+CE Coulomb-Explosion
+CE Customer Engineer
+CEA Center For EUV Astrophysics
+CEA Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique
+CEA Council of Economic Advisors
+CEA County Education Authority
+CEC Commission of the European Communities
+CED Committee for Economic Development
+CEDEFOP European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training
+CEDEX Courrier d'Entreprise Distribution Exceptionelle
+CEDR Comprehensive Epidemiologic Data Resource
+CEEM Center for Electrical and Electro-optic Materials
+CEERT Coalition for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Technologies
+CEES Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies
+CEF Cable Entrance Facility
+CEFMS Corps of Engineers Financial Management System
+CEG Continuous Edge Graphics
+CEGB Central Electricity Generating Board
+CEGB Central Electricity Generating Board
+CEGEP College D'Enseignement General Et Professionnel
+CEGEP College d'Enseignement General et Professionnel
+CEI Comparably Efficient Interconnection
+CEI Conducted Electromagnetic Interference
+CEI Connection Endpoint Identifier
+CELP Code Excited Linear Prediction
+CELSS Controlled Ecological Life Support System
+CEN Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires
+CENELEC Comite European de Normalisation Electronique
+CENELEC Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
+CENELEC Comite Europeen de Normalisation eLeCtrotechnique
+CENELEC Comite Europeenne pour la Normalisation Electrotechnique
+CENELEC Conseil Europeen pour la Normalisation eLeCtricite
+CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation
+CENS Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Seclay
+CENTO CENtral Treaty Organization
+CEO Chief Executive Officer
+CEO chief executive officer
+CEO chief executive officer
+CEOS Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
+CEPT Conference European des Postes et Telecommunications
+CEPT Conference Europeene de Postes and Telecommunications
+CEPT Conference Europeenne des Administrations des Postes et des Telecomm.
+CER Cell Error Ratio
+CERC Coal Energy Research Committee
+CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
+CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act
+CERFNET California Education and Research Federation Network
+CERL Ceramic Engineering Research Lab
+CERL Civil Engineering Research Laboratory
+CERL Component Evaluation and Reliability Laboratory
+CERMET Ceramic Metal Element
+CERN Centre Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaire
+CERN Conseil Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaires
+CERN organisation Europeenne pour la Recherche Nucleaires
+CERRA Centre for Economic Research on Retirement and Ageing
+CERT Computer Emergency Response Team
+CET Central European Time
+CETS Computer and Educational Technology Services
+CEV Controlled Environment Vault
+CEVI Common Equipment Voltage Indicator
+CEVS Controlled Environment Vitrification System
+CEVS Controlled Environment Vitrification System
+CF Carry Forward
+CF Central African Republic
+CF Coin First payphone
+CF Cystic Fibrosis
+CF CONSOLIDATED FREIGHTWAYS
+CFA Center For Astrophysics
+CFB Canadian Forces Base
+CFB Color Frame Buffer
+CFC Chloro-FluoroCarbon
+CFC Combined Federal Campaign
+CFCA Communications Fraud Control Association
+CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics
+CFDA Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance
+CFF Columbus Free Flyer
+CFHT Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope
+CFI Certificated Flight Instructor
+CFI Cost, Freight, and Insurance
+CFIDS Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome
+CFL Canadian Football League
+CFM Code Fragment Manager
+CFO Chief Financial Officer
+CFP Call For Papers
+CFR Code of Federal Regulations
+CFRONT C++ Frontend Processor
+CFS Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
+CFTC Commodity Futures Trading Commission
+CFTC Commodity Futures Trading Commission
+CFV Call For Votes
+CG Coast Guard
+CG Columbia Gas
+CG Commanding General
+CG Computer Graphics
+CG Congo
+CG computor graphics
+CG computor graphics
+CG Columbia Gas
+CG&E Cincinatti Gas & Electric
+CGA Color Graphics Adapter
+CGCT Compagnie Generale de Constructions Telephoniques
+CGE Cie Generale d'Electricite
+CGE Cincinnati Gas & Electric
+CGE Compagnie Generale d'Electricite
+CGI Common Gateway Interface
+CGI Computer Generated Images
+CGI Computer Graphics Interface
+CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
+CGL Center for Group Learning
+CGN Concentrator Group Number
+CGRO Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
+CGS Centimeter-Gram-Second
+CGTD Center for Global Trade Development
+CGX Chicago IL
+CH Cardboard Heroes
+CH ClearingHouse
+CH CourtHouse
+CH Customs House
+CH Switzerland
+CHA Champions
+CHADD CHildren and adults with Attention Deficit Disorder
+CHAM Chained Access Method
+CHAOS Cooperative Hedonists Against Ordered Society
+CHAOS university of CHicago Asyncronous Operating System
+CHAP CHAnnel Processor
+CHAP CHallenge Authentication Protocol
+CHAP Challenge Authentication Protocol
+CHAP Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol
+CHAR Character
+CHARA Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy
+CHARGEN CHARacter GENerator
+CHCK Channel Check
+CHCP Change Code Page
+CHE Switzerland
+CHF Congestive Heart Failure
+CHGRP Change Group
+CHI Chill: Adventures into the Unknown
+CHILL CCITT HIgh Level Language
+CHIPS California HIghway Patrol
+CHKDSK Check Disk
+CHL Chile
+CHMOD Change Mode
+CHN China
+CHOTS Corporate Headquarters Office Technology System
+CHOWN Change Owner
+CHP California Highway Patrol
+CHP Chapter
+CHR Character
+CHROMEX CHROMosomes and Plant Cell Division in Space EXperiment
+CHRP Common Hardware Reference Platform
+CHUD Cannabalistic Humanoid Underground Dwellers
+CHUNNEL CHannel tUNNEL
+CHUNNEL CHannel tuNNEL
+CHUNNEL Channel Tunnel between Britain and France
+CI Chelsea Industries
+CI Cote D'Ivoire
+CI Cubic Inches
+CI Chelsea Industries
+CIA Central Intelligence Agency
+CIA Certified Internal Auditor
+CIA Culinary Institute of America
+CIAC Computer Incident Advisory Capability
+CIAU Canadian Interuniversity Athletic Union
+CIB Centro Interfacolta per le Biblioteche
+CIB Console Interface Board
+CIBC Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
+CIC Carrier Identification Code
+CIC Chemical Institute of Canada
+CIC Coordination and Information Center
+CICA Competition in Contracting Act
+CICEI Centro Informatico y de Comunicaciones de Edificio de Ingenierias
+CICS Customer Information Control System
+CICS customer information control system
+CICS/VS Customer Information Control System/Virtual Storage
+CICSVS Customer Information Control System / Virtual Storage
+CID Central Institute for the Deaf
+CID Charge Injection Device
+CID Computer Integrated Design
+CID Configuration/Installation/Distribution
+CIDA Canadian International Development Agency
+CIDAS Compusult Integrated Data Access System
+CIDIN Common Icao Data Interchange Network
+CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing
+CIDR Classless Internet Domain Routing
+CIE Commission Internationale de l'eclairage
+CIE Coras Iompar Eireann
+CIF Caltech Intermediate Form
+CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight
+CIF Crystallographic Information File
+CIGS Cataloguing and Indexing Group in Scotland
+CIGTF Central Inertial Guidance Test Facility
+CII Call Identity Index
+CIIR Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval
+CIKM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management
+CIL Center for Independent Living
+CIM CompuServe Information Manager
+CIM Computer Integrated Manufacturing
+CIM computer-integrated-manufacturing
+CIM computer-integrated-manufacturing
+CIM computer-integrated-manufacturing
+CIMA Chartered Institute of Management Accountants
+CIMA Construction Industry Manufacture's Association
+CIMIS California Irrigation Management Information System
+CIMS Computer Integrated Manufacturing System
+CINAHL Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
+CINCLANFLT Commander-In-Chief Atlantic Fleet
+CINCLANFLT Commander-In-Chief, Atlantic Fleet
+CINCLANT Commander-IN-Chief atLANTic forces
+CINCPAC Commander IN Chief, PACific Fleet
+CINCPAC Commander in Chief, Pacific
+CINCPAC Commander in Chief, Pacific Air Command
+CINCPAC Commander-IN-Chief PACific Forces
+CINCPAC Commander-in-Chief of Pacific
+CINCPAC Commander-in-Chief of Pacific fleet
+CINCPACFLT Commander-IN-Chief PACific FLeeT
+CINEMA Configurable INtEgrated Multimedia Architecture
+CINR Central Institute for Nuclear Research
+CINR Central Institute for Nuclear Research
+CIO Chief Information Officer
+CIOCS Communication Input/Output Control System
+CIP Chief Income Producer
+CIP Command Interface Port
+CIR Committed Information Rate
+CIR Compagnie Industriali Riunitie
+CIR Compagnie Industriali Riunitie
+CIRC Circular Reference
+CIRCA Center for Instructional and Research Computing Activities
+CIRCE Cornell Institute for Research in Chemical Ecology
+CIRRIS Cryogenic InfraRed Radiance Instrument for Shuttle
+CIS Chartered Institute of Secretaries
+CIS Chief Income Spender
+CIS Commonwealth of Independent States
+CIS CompuServe Information Service
+CIS Computer Information Systems
+CIS Customized Intercept Service
+CISC Complex Instruction Set Computing
+CISC complex-instruction-set-computer
+CISLUNAR The space between the Earth and the Moon
+CISS Central Interlock and Safety System
+CISS Central Interlock and Safety System
+CIT California Institute of Technology
+CIT Case Institute of Technology
+CIT Circumstellar Imaging Telescope
+CIT Computer Integrated Telephony
+CIT Convention on International Trade
+CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
+CITIC China International Trust & Investment Corp
+CITIC China International Trust & Investment Corp
+CITIS Contractor Integrated Technical Information Service
+CITIS Contractor Integrated Technical Information Services
+CIU Computer Interface Unit
+CIV Cote D'Ivoire
+CIX Commercial Internet Exchange
+CIX Compulink Information Exchange
+CJC Canadian Jewish Congress
+CJCS Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
+CJS Chamber Jazz Sextet
+CK Cook Islands
+CKD Count Key Data
+CL Chile
+CL Connection-Less mode
+CL control language
+CL control language
+CL Co. and Lazard
+CLA Canadian Library Association
+CLAR Channel Local Address Register
+CLASIC Customized Logic Application Specific Integrated Circuit
+CLASP Comprehensive Logistics Automated Support Program
+CLASS Centralized Local Area Selective Signaling
+CLASS Cooperative Library Agency for Systems and Services
+CLASS Custom Local Area Signaling Service
+CLC Clear Carry Flag
+CLD Clear Direction Flag
+CLDC Competitive Long Distance Coalition
+CLDN Calling Line Directory Number
+CLEF Certified Licensed Evaluation Facility
+CLEI Common-Language Equipment Identification
+CLGP Cannon Launched Guided Projectile
+CLI Call-Level Interface
+CLI Calling Line Ident
+CLI Clear Interrupt Flag
+CLI Command Line Interpreter
+CLID Calling Line IDentification
+CLIMA Co-operative Research Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture
+CLIPS C Language Integrated Production System
+CLIQ Customer Line Insulation Quality
+CLIST Command List
+CLITORIS Committee for the Liberation & Intergration of Terrifying Organisms & their Rehabilitation Into Society
+CLK Clock
+CLK Craton Lodge & Knight
+CLK Craton Lodge & Knight
+CLLI Common-Language Location Identification
+CLM Career Limiting Move
+CLNP ConnectionLess Network Protocol
+CLNP Connectionless-mode Network Protocol
+CLNS ConnectionLess-mode Network Service
+CLNS Connectionless-mode Network Service
+CLOS Common Lisp Object System
+CLP Cell Loss Priority
+CLR Cell Loss Ratio
+CLR Combined Line and Recording
+CLRC Circuit Layout Record Card
+CLS Clear Screen
+CLSI Computer Library Systems Incorporated
+CLSI Computer Library Systems, Incorporated
+CLTP Connectionless Transport Protocol
+CLTS Clear Task Switch Flag
+CLU Chartered Life Underwriter
+CLUT Color LookUp Table
+CLV Constant Linear Velocity
+CM Cameroon
+CM Centimeter
+CM Command Module
+CM Congregation of the Mission
+CM Control Mark
+CM Corrective Maintenance
+CM Cruise Missile
+CM4D Coordinate Measuring Machine Management Mechanism for Data
+CMA Canadian Manufacturers Association
+CMA Canadian Medical Association
+CMA Cash Management Account
+CMA Concert Multi-thread Architecture
+CMAC Centralized Maintenance and Administration Center
+CMAS California Multiple Award Schedule
+CMB Configuration Management Board
+CMBR Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
+CMC Communication Machinery Corporation
+CMC Communication Mangement Configuration
+CMC Complement Carry Flag
+CMC Computer Mediated Communication
+CMC Construction Maintenance Center
+CMC Corporate Management Commitee
+CMCC Central Mission Control Centre
+CMD Centralized Message Distribution
+CMDF Combined Main Distributing Frame
+CMDS Centralized Message Data System
+CME Campbell-Mithun-Esty
+CME Campbell-Mithun-Esty
+CME Campbell-Mithun-Esty
+CMH Port Columbus OH
+CMI Champaign-Urbana IL
+CMIB Cellular Message Information Block
+CMIP Common Management Information Protocol
+CMIS Common Management Information Services
+CMIS Common Management Information System
+CMISE Common Management Information Service Element
+CML Current Mode Logic
+CML Current Model Logic
+CMMU Cache/Memory Management Unit
+CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
+CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
+CMOS Complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor
+CMOS Complimentary-symmetry Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
+CMOT Common Management Information Services and Protocol Over TCP/IP
+CMP Compare
+CMP Computer
+CMPS Compare word String
+CMR Cameroon
+CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio
+CMS Call Management System
+CMS Circuit Maintenance System
+CMS Code Management System
+CMS Communications Management Subsystem
+CMS Compact Muon Solenoid
+CMS Compiler Monitor System
+CMS Conversation Monitor System
+CMS Conversational Monitoring System
+CMSGT Chief Master Sergeant
+CMT Cellular Mobile Telephone
+CMT Country Music Television
+CMU COLT Measurement Unit
+CMU Carnegie-Mellon University
+CMVC Configuration Management Version Control
+CMW Compartmented Mode Workstation
+CMY Cyan-Magenta-Yellow
+CMY Cyan-Magenta-Yellow
+CMYK Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, blacK
+CMYK Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black
+CN Canadian National
+CN Change Notice
+CN China
+CN/A Customer Name / Address
+CNA Communications Network Application
+CNA Customer Name and Address
+CNAB Customer Name/Address Bureau
+CNAM Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers
+CNBC Consumer News Broadcasting Company
+CNBC Consumer News and Business Channel
+CNBC Consumer News and Business Channel
+CNBC the Consumer News and Business Channel
+CNC Centre for Novel Computing
+CNC Computer Numerical Control
+CNC Computerized Numerical Control
+CNCC Customer Network Control Center
+CNES Centre National d'Etude Spatiales
+CNET Centre National d'etudes en Telecommunications
+CNG Calling
+CNG Clean 'n Green
+CNI Coalition for Networked Information
+CNI Common Network Interface
+CNIDR Clearinghouse for Networked Information Discovery and Retrieval
+CNLP Connectionless Protocol
+CNM Communications Network Management
+CNMA Certified Non-Meaningful Acronym
+CNMAT Center for New Music and Audio Technologies
+CNMS Cylink Network Management System
+CNN Cable News Network
+CNO Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen
+CNO Chief of Naval Operations
+CNOR Certified Nurse in the Operating Room
+CNPIEC China National Publications Import & Export Corporation
+CNR Canadian National Railways
+CNR Carrier to Noise Ratio
+CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy
+CNRCVUUCP Compressed News ReCeive Via UUCP
+CNRI Corporation for National Research Initiatives
+CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
+CNS Central Nervous System
+CNS Complimentary Network Service
+CNSR Comet Nucleus Sample Return
+CNSS Core Nodal Switching Subsystem
+CNV Conventional
+CNVT Convert
+CNW Chicago & North Western
+CO Cash Order
+CO Central Office
+CO Central-office
+CO Colombia
+CO Colorado
+CO Command Output
+CO Commanding Officer
+CO Conscientious Objector
+CO Convert Out
+CO in Care Of
+COAM Customer Owned And Maintained
+COAST Computer Operations, Audit, and Security Technologies
+COB Close Of Business
+COBE COsmic Background Explorer
+COBOL COmmon Business Oriented Language
+COBOL Common Business-oriented Language
+COBRA COpenhagen, BRussel, Amsterdam
+COBRA Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reduction Act
+COBUILD COLLINS Birmingham University International Language Database
+COC Call of Cthulhu
+COC Circuit Order Control
+COCO3 Color COmputer 3
+COCO3 Tandy's COlour COmputer model 3
+COCOM Coordinating Comittee for Export to Comminist Area
+COCOM Coordinating Committee for Export to Communist Areas
+COCOP Customer Owned Coin Operated Phone
+COCOT Customer Owned, Coin Operated Telephone
+COCOT Customer-Owned Coin-Operated Telephone
+COD Cash On Delivery
+COD Collect On Delivery
+CODASYL Conference On DAta SYstem Languages
+CODASYL Conference On DAta SYstems Languages
+CODCF Central Office Data Connecting Facility
+CODEC COder-DECoder
+CODEC Compression/Decompression
+COE Center Of Excellence
+COE Central Office Equipment
+COEES COE Engineering System
+COEM Commercial Original Equipment Manufacturer
+COER Central Office Equipment Report
+COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
+COFF Common Object File Format
+COFI Cost Of Funds Index
+COG Congo
+COG Covenant Of the Goddess
+COGO Coordinate Geometry
+COHSE Confedaration Of Health Service Employees
+COK Cook Islands
+COL Collision
+COL Colombia
+COL Computer Oriented Language
+COLA Cost Of Living Adjustment
+COLA Cost-Of-Living Allowance
+COLD Computer Output to Laser Disk
+COLT Central Office Line Tester
+COM Commercial
+COM Comoros
+COM Computer Output Microfilm
+COM1 First serial Port
+COM2 Second serial Port
+COM3 Third serial Port
+COM4 Fourth serial Port
+COMAS Central Office Maintenance and Administration System
+COMDEX COMputer Dealer's Exposition
+COMDEX Computer Dealers Exposition
+COMETT Community Action Programme for Education and Training for Technology
+COMIS Communication Management Information System
+COMM Communications
+COMP Communications
+COMP Compare
+COMPACT COMmercial Product ACquisition Team
+COMPTEL COMPton TELescope
+COMS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
+COMSAT Communications Satellite
+COMSAT Communications Satellite Corporation
+COMSEC COMunications SECurity
+COMSEC Communications Security
+COMSUBLANT Commander, Submarine Force Atlantic Fleet
+CON Console
+CONACYT Consejo Nacional de Cienca Y Tecnologia
+CONFIG Configuration
+CONN CONNector
+CONS CONStruct
+CONS Connection-Oriented Networking Session
+CONSULS Connecticut State University Library System
+CONTAC Central Office NeTwork ACcess
+CONTONE Continuous Tone
+CONUS CONtinental United States
+COO Chief Operating Officer
+COOL Chorus Object Oriented Layer
+COP Character-Oriented Protocol
+COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
+COPS Computer Oracle and Password System
+COQ Cost Of Quality
+CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture
+CORDIS COmmunity Research and Development Information Service
+CORE COntrolled Requirement Expression
+CORM Council for Optical Radiation Measurement
+CORN COmputer Resource Nucleus
+CORNET CORperate NETwork
+CORSA CORvair Society of America
+COS Central Office Switch
+COS Compatible Operating System
+COS Corporation for Open Systems
+COSE Common Open Software Environment
+COSHH Control Of Substances Harmful To Health
+COSHH Control Of Substances Hazardous to Health
+COSINE Cooperation for Open Systems Interconnection Networking in Europe
+COSMIC COmmon Systems Main InterConnection frame system
+COSMIC COmputer Software Management and Information Center
+COSMOS COmputer System for Mainframe OperationS
+COSS Common Object Support Services
+COSTAR Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement
+COSY Correlation Spectroscopy
+COT Card Or Tape
+COT Central Office Terminal
+COTS Commercial Off The Shelf
+COTS Connection-Oriented Transport layer Service
+COYOTE Call Off Your Old Tired Ethics
+CP Canadian Pacific
+CP Canadian Press
+CP Chemically Pure
+CP CoPy
+CP Command Post
+CP Command Processor
+CP Control Program
+CP Copy Protected
+CP CounterProliferation
+CP Canadian Pacific
+CP/M Control Program for Microcomputers
+CPA Certified Public Accountant
+CPA Certified Public Accountants
+CPA Communications & Public Affairs
+CPADAPT CounterProliferation Actd Demonstration And Planning Tool
+CPB Central Pacific Bank
+CPB Central Pacific Bank
+CPC Cellular Phone Company
+CPC Circuit Provisioning Center
+CPCS Check Processing Control System
+CPCS Common Part Convergence Sublayer
+CPD Central Pulse Distributor
+CPE Central Processing Element
+CPE Customer Premise Equipment
+CPE Customer Premises Equipment
+CPE Customer Provided Equipment
+CPE Customer-Provided Equipment
+CPFF Cost Plus Fixed Fee
+CPG Clock Pulse Generator
+CPH Cost Per Hour
+CPI Characters Per Inch
+CPI Clock Per Instruction
+CPI Common Programming Interface
+CPI Computer Private Interface
+CPI Computer Private branch exchange Interface
+CPI Consumer Price Index
+CPI consumer price index
+CPI consumer price index
+CPI-C Common Programming Interface for Communications
+CPIO CoPy In and Out
+CPIO CoPy In/Out
+CPL Combined Programming Language
+CPL Current Privilege Level
+CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device
+CPM Continuous Phase Modulation
+CPM Control Program for Microcomputers
+CPM Cost Per Minute
+CPM Critical Path Method
+CPM Joint Catalogue of Printed Music
+CPMP Carrier Performance Measurement Plan
+CPO Chief Petty Officer
+CPO Chief Post Office
+CPO Customer Premises Equipment
+CPP Cable Patch Panel
+CPR Canadian Pacific Railway
+CPR Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation
+CPROST Centre for Policy Research on Science and Technology
+CPRS Cloud Profiling Radar System
+CPS Centralized Processing System
+CPS Characters Per Second
+CPS Cycles Per Second
+CPSR Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility
+CPSU Communist Party of the Soviet Union
+CPT CaPTain
+CPT Command Pass Through
+CPT current perception thresholds
+CPU Central Processing Unit
+CPU Computerfreaks Play around at University
+CPUSA Communist Party of the United States of America
+CPV Cape Verde
+CPW Certified Public Weigher
+CPsychol Chartered Psychologist
+CQ Call to Quarter
+CQ Change of Quarters
+CQ Charge of Quarters
+CQ Commercial Quality
+CQFD Ce Q'il Fallait Demonter
+CQI Continuous Quality Improvement
+CR Carriage Return
+CR Costa Rica
+CR/LF Carriage Return/Line Feed
+CRA Cambridge Redevelopment Authority
+CRAB Coastal Research Amphibious Buggy
+CRADA Cooperative Research and Design Agreement
+CRAF Comet Rendezvous / Asteroid Flyby
+CRAF Comet Rendezvous/Asteroid Flyby
+CRAM Card Random Access Memory
+CRAM Computational Random Access Memory
+CRAM Concentrated Review of Applicable Materials
+CRAP Completely Redundant Array of Pointers
+CRAS Cable Repair Administrative System
+CRAYON CReAte Your Own Newspaper
+CRB Certified Residential Broker
+CRC Camera Ready Copy
+CRC Chemical Rubber Company
+CRC Civil Rights Commission
+CRC Customer Record Center
+CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
+CRC Cyclical Redundancy Character
+CRC cyclical-redundancy-check
+CRD Customer Required Date
+CREDFACS Conduit, Raceway, Equipment Ducts & FACilitieS
+CREEP Committee to RE-Elect the President
+CREF Cross REFerence
+CREF Cross REference File
+CREFE Centre de Recherche sur l'Emploi et les Fluctuations economiques
+CREG Concentrated Range Extension with Gain
+CREN Computer Research Education Network
+CREN Corporation for Research and Educational Networking
+CRES Center of Renewable Energy Sources
+CREST Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology
+CRF Cross Reference File
+CRF(VC) Virtual Channel Connection Related Functions
+CRF(VP) Virtual Path Connection Related Functions
+CRFC Customer Return For Credit
+CRFMP Cable Repair Force Management Plan
+CRI Costa Rica
+CRI Cray Research Inc.
+CRI Cray Research, Inc.
+CRIM Centre de Recherche Informatique de Montreal
+CRIN Centre de Recherche en Informatique de Nancy
+CRIS Customer Record Information System
+CRISP Complex-Reduced Instruction Set Processor
+CRITT Central Rhode Island Telephone and Telegraph
+CRL Certificate Revocation List
+CRLF Carriage Return/Line Feed
+CRM Creative Retirement Manitoba
+CROM Control Read Only Memory
+CRONIC Colorado Rudimentary Operating Nucleus for Intelligent Controllers
+CROP CROsta Profonda
+CROQUE Cost- and Rule-based Optimization of object-oriented QUEries
+CROTCH Computerized Routine for Observing and Testing the Channel Hardware
+CRREL Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
+CRRES Combined Release / Radiation Effects Satellite
+CRRES Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite
+CRRES Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite
+CRRES the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite
+CRS Can't Remember Shit
+CRS Centralized Results System
+CRSAB Centralized Repair Service Answering Bureau
+CRSP Centro Regional de Sao Paulo
+CRT Cathode Ray Tube
+CRT Combat Results Table
+CRT cathode-ray-tube
+CRTC CRT Controller
+CRTC Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
+CRUD Chalk River Unidentified Deposits
+CRY Child Relief and You
+CS Chip Select
+CS Chivalry & Sorcery
+CS Civil Servant
+CS Clear to Send
+CS Code Segment
+CS Computer Science
+CS Computing Science
+CS Context Switch
+CS County Seat
+CS Credit Suisse
+CS Critical Section
+CS Customer Service
+CS Czechoslovakia
+CS control-system
+CS Credit Suisse
+CSA Canadian Space Agency
+CSA Canadian Standards Association
+CSA Carrier Serving Area
+CSA Client Service Agent
+CSA Community Supported Agriculture
+CSA Confederate States of America
+CSA Customer Service Administration
+CSAA Chinese Studies Association of Australia
+CSAB Computing Sciences Accreditation Board
+CSACC Customer Service Administration Control Center
+CSACS Centralized Status, Alarm and Control System
+CSAR Centralized System for Analysis Reporting
+CSAR Channel System Address Register
+CSAR Combat Search And Rescue
+CSC Cell Site Controller
+CSC Computer Sciences Corp.
+CSC Computer Sciences Corporation
+CSC Computer Sciences Corp.
+CSCL Computer Supported Cooperative Learning
+CSCS Centro Svizzero di Calcolo Scientifico
+CSCW Computer Supported Cooperative Work
+CSD Corrective Service Diskette
+CSD Customer Service Division
+CSDC Circuit Switched Digital Capability
+CSE Common Subexpression Elimination
+CSE computational science and engineering
+CSEP Computational Science Education Project
+CSEPP Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program
+CSERIAC Crew system Ergonomics Information Analysis Center
+CSF Contrast Sensitivity Function
+CSF Critical Success Factor
+CSFB Credit Suisse-First Boston
+CSG Constructive Solid Geometry
+CSG Consulting Services Group
+CSH C-SHell
+CSHL Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory
+CSI Commercial Systems Integration
+CSI Communications Systems Inc.
+CSI The Construction Specifications Institute
+CSI Communications Systems Inc.
+CSIC Consejo Superior de Investigacion Cientifica
+CSICOP Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal
+CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization
+CSIS Canadian Security and Intelligence Service
+CSK Czechoslovakia
+CSL Coin Supervising Link
+CSL Computer Sensitive Language
+CSLI Center for the Study of Language and Information
+CSLIP Compressed Serial Line Internetworking Protocol
+CSM Command Sergeant Major
+CSM Command and Service Module
+CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access
+CSMA-CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
+CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
+CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/with Collision Detection
+CSMACA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
+CSMACD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
+CSN Computer Systems News
+CSNET Computer & Science Network
+CSNET Computer Science NETwork
+CSNY Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young
+CSO Caltech Submillimeter Observatory
+CSO Central Services Organization
+CSO Central Statistical Office
+CSO Central Statistical office
+CSO Computing Services Office
+CSO Central Statistical office
+CSOC Consolidated Space Operations Center
+CSP Commercial Subroutine Package
+CSP CompuCom Speed Protocol
+CSP Constraint Satisfaction Problem
+CSP Control Switching Point
+CSPAN Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network
+CSPP Computer Systems Policy Project
+CSR Control and Status Register
+CSR Customer Service Representative
+CSRG Computer Systems Research Group
+CSRI Computer Systems Research Institute
+CSRS civil Service Retirement System
+CSS Computer Sub-System
+CSS Continuous System Simulator
+CSS Customer Switching System
+CST Central Standard Time
+CSTA Computer-Supported Telephony Applications
+CSTC Consolidated Satellite Test Center
+CSU Channel Service Unit
+CSU Christlich Soziale Union
+CSU Cleveland State University
+CSU/DSU Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit
+CSUBIOWEB California State University Biological Sciences World Wide Web Server
+CSUDSU Channel Service Unit Data Service Unit
+CSUF California State University Fresno
+CSV Comma-Separated Variables
+CSV Common Services Verbs
+CT Central Time
+CT Communications & Tracking
+CT Computed Tomography
+CT Connecticut
+CT Continuous Time
+CT computed tomography
+CTA commodity trading advisers
+CTA commodity trading advisers
+CTAB Cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide
+CTAB Cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide
+CTAN Comprehensive TeX Archive Network
+CTAPS Contingency Theater Automated Planning System
+CTB Comprehensive Test of Basic
+CTBS Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills
+CTBS Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills
+CTC Canadian Transport Commission
+CTC Central Test Center
+CTC Centralized Traffic Control
+CTC Chu-Itoh Techno-Science Co.
+CTC Cyclists' Touring Club
+CTCA Commission on Training Camp Activities
+CTD Computing and Telecommunications Division
+CTD Control of Tropical Diseases
+CTERM Command TERMinal
+CTFT Continuous-Time Fourier Transform
+CTI Computer/Telephone Integration
+CTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association
+CTIO Cerro Tololo Inter-american Observatory
+CTIS Command Tactical Information System
+CTISS Computers in Teaching Initiative Support Service
+CTM Competent Toastmaster
+CTM Contac Trunk Module
+CTMS Carrier Transmission Measuring System
+CTNE Compania Telefonica Nacional de Espana
+CTO Call Transfer Outside
+CTOS Computerized Tomography Operating System
+CTP Computer To Plate
+CTPA Coax-to-Twisted-Pair Adapter
+CTRL Control
+CTRON Communication and Central TRON
+CTS Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
+CTS Cartridge Tape Subsystem
+CTS Clear To Send
+CTS Compatible Timesharing System
+CTS Credit Time Served
+CTSS Chameleon Time-Sharing System
+CTSS Compatible Time Sharing System
+CTSS Cray Time-Sharing System
+CTSS Cyber Time-Sharing System
+CTT Cartridge Tape Transport
+CTTC Cartridge Tape Transport Controller
+CTTD Cute Things They Do
+CTTN Cable Trunk Ticket Number
+CTTS Cute Things They Say
+CTV Canadian TeleVision network
+CU Close-Up
+CU Control Unit
+CU Cuba
+CU Customer Unit
+CU See You
+CUA Common User Access
+CUA common-user-access
+CUB Consumers United for Buying
+CUB Cuba
+CUB Cursor Backward
+CUCA Cambridge University Conservative Association
+CUCRIT Capital Utilization CRITeria
+CUD Cursor Down
+CUE Custom Updates and Extras
+CUE Custom Updates and Extras card
+CUF Cursor Forward
+CUFON The Computerized UFO Network
+CUFORN The Canadian UFO Research Network
+CUFOS The Center for UFO Studies
+CUI Common User Interface
+CUL Cambridge University Library
+CUL8ER See you later
+CUL8R See You Later
+CUNBATCH Compressed news UNBATCH
+CUNT Coupled UNIX Network Tree
+CUP Cambridge University Press
+CUP Cursor Position
+CUPID Completely Universal Processor I/O Design
+CUPL Cally's Unattainable Perfect Language
+CURIA Cork University and Royal Irish Academy
+CURL Consortium of University Research Libraries
+CUSI Customizable Unified Search Index
+CUSP Commonly Used System Program
+CUTE Clarkston University Terminal Emulator
+CUTK Common Update/Equipment system
+CUU Cursor Up
+CV Cape Verde
+CV Constant Velocity
+CV Curriculum Vitae
+CVBG Carrier Battle Group
+CVCC Controlled Vortex Combustion Chamber
+CVCP Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals
+CVD chemical vapor deposition
+CVD chemical vapor deposition
+CVF Compressed Volume File
+CVGA Color Video Gaphics Array
+CVIA Computer Virus Industry Association
+CVJM Christlicher Verein junger Menschen
+CVN Nuclear powered attack aircraft carrier
+CVN aircraft Carrier V
+CVR Compass Voice Response
+CVSD Continuously Variable Slope Delta mobulation - digital encoding technique used in military and civilian telecommunication systems
+CVT Continuous Variable Transmission
+CVT Convert
+CVW CodeView for Windows
+CW Car Wars
+CW Chemical Warfare
+CW Child Welfare
+CW Churchwarden
+CW Continuous Wave
+CW chemical weapons
+CW chemical warfare
+CW chemical weapons
+CWA Communications Workers of America
+CWA Communications Workers of America
+CWA The Communications Workers of America
+CWC City-Wide Centrex
+CWD Change Working Directory
+CWD Convert Word to Double Word
+CWI Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica
+CWIS Campus Wide Information System
+CWO Cash With Order
+CWO Chief Warrant Officer
+CWP Cable & Wireless PLC
+CWP Cable & Wireless PLC
+CWRU Case Western Reserve University
+CX Christmas Island
+CXI Common X-windows Interface
+CXR Christmas Island
+CY Calendar Year
+CY Cyprus
+CYA Cover Your Ass
+CYL Cylinder
+CYM Cayman Islands
+CYMK Cyan-Yellow-Magenta-Black
+CYO Catholic Youth Organization
+CYP Cyprus
+CZ Canal Zone
+CZ Control Zone
+CeBIT Centrum fur Buro- und Informations- und Telekommunikationstechnologien
+CentER Center for Economic Research
+ChemMIST Chemical Management Information System Tool
+CoREN Corporation for Research and Enterprise Network
+ComNavAirLant Commander Naval Air, Atlantic
+CuSeeMe See-You-See-Me
+D Depth
+D&B Dun & Bradstreet
+D&D Dungeons & Dragons
+D&H Delaware & Hudson
+D-A Digital-to-analog
+D.A. District Attorney
+D.C district courts
+D.C. Department of Commerce
+D.C. District Court
+D.C. District of Columbia
+D.C. Drink Carrier
+D.T. Deep Thought
+D.U.I. Driving Under the Influence
+D/A Digital to Analog converter
+D/A digital-to-analog
+D/F Direction Finding
+D/R Direct or Reverse
+D2C Decimal To Character
+D2T2 Dye Diffusion Thermal Transfer
+D2X Decimal To Hexadecimal
+DA Days after Acceptance
+DA Department of Agriculture
+DA Deposit Account
+DA Desk Accessory
+DA Digital to Analog converter
+DA Directory Assistance
+DA District Attorney
+DA Don't Answer
+DA/C Directory Assistance/Computerized
+DA/M Directory Assistance/Microfilm
+DAA Data Access Arrangement
+DAA Decimal Adjust for Addition
+DAAM Dynamic Associative Random Access Memory
+DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting
+DAC Data Acquisition and Control
+DAC Design Automation Conference
+DAC Digital to Analog Converter
+DACCS Digital Access Cross Connect System
+DACS Digital Access Cross-connect System
+DACS Directory Assistance Charging System
+DACX Disability Action
+DAD Draft ADdendum
+DADA Democratic Alliance of Dadaist Anarchists
+DAE Departement d'Anthropologie et d'ecologie
+DAFE Designated Acronym Free Environment
+DAG Directed Acyclic Graph
+DAIS Distributed Automatic Intercept System
+DAL Data Access Language
+DAL Dedicated Access Line
+DAL Disk Access Lockout
+DAM Data Acquisition and Monitoring
+DAMA Data Administration Management Association
+DAMQAM Dynamically Adaptive Multicarrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
+DANTE Decision Aiding with New TEchnologies
+DANTE Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe
+DAP Data Access Protocol
+DAP Division Advisory Panel
+DAR Daughters of the American Revolution
+DARC Division Alarm Recording Center
+DARE Dictionary of American Regional English
+DARE Drug Abuse Resistance Education
+DARI Database Application Remote Interface
+DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
+DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
+DART Dublin Area Rapid Transit
+DARU Distributed automatic intercept system Audio Response Unit
+DAS Decimal Adjust for Subtraction
+DAS Department of Applied Science
+DAS Directory Assistance System
+DAS Distributor And Scanner
+DASA Daimler-Benz Aerospace
+DASA Deutsche AeroSpace Aktiengesellschaft
+DASA Deutsche Aerospace Agentur
+DASA Deutsche Aerospace Aktiengesellschaft
+DASA German Aerospace Inc.
+DASD Direct Access Storage Device
+DASH Daniel and Ashford
+DASWDT Distributor And Scanner-Watch Dog Timer
+DAT Digital Audio Tape
+DAT Disk Array Technology
+DAT digital audio tape
+DAT digital audio tape
+DATA Defense Air Transport Administration
+DATACOM Data Communications
+DAU Dummster Anzunehmender User
+DAV Data Above Voice
+DAV Disabled American Veterans
+DAY Dayton OH
+DB Data Base
+DB Data Buffer
+DB DataBase
+DB DeciBels
+DB Dial Box
+DB decibel
+DB decibels
+DB2 Database 2
+DBA Data Base Administrator
+DBA doing business as
+DBAC Data Base Administration Center
+DBAG Deutsche Bahn Aktiengesellschaft
+DBAS Data Base Administration System
+DBC Davis , Ball & Colombatto
+DBCS Double-Byte Character Set
+DBF DBase Format
+DBL Drexel Burnham Lambert
+DBL Drexel Burnham Lambert
+DBM Data Base Manager
+DBM DataBase Manager
+DBME DataBase Managment Environment
+DBMS Data Base Management System
+DBMS DataBase Management System
+DBMS Database Management System
+DBOF Defense Business Operating Fund
+DBP Deutsche BundesPost
+DBP Deutsches BundesPatent
+DBP Di Butyl Phthalate
+DBRAD Data Base Relational Application Directory
+DBS Data Base Server
+DBS Direct Broadcast Satellite
+DBS Duplex Bus Selector
+DBS direct broadcast satellite
+DBS direct broadcast satellite
+DBS direct broadcast satellite
+DC Data Cartridge
+DC Data Collection
+DC Data Communication
+DC Data Control
+DC Device Control
+DC Direct Current
+DC District of Columbia
+DCA Defense Communications Agency
+DCA Digital Communications Associates
+DCA Distributed Communication Architecture
+DCA Document Content Architecture
+DCA Washington DC
+DCAF Distributed Console Access Facility
+DCB Disk Control Block
+DCB Disk Coprocessor Board
+DCC Data Country Code
+DCC Descriptive Cataloging Committee
+DCC Digital Compact Cassette
+DCC Display Combination Code
+DCCO Defense Commercial Communications Office
+DCCS DisContiguous Shared Segments
+DCD Data Carrier Detect
+DCE Data Circuit-terminating Equipment
+DCE Data Communication Equipment
+DCE Data Communications Equipment
+DCE Distributed Computing Environment
+DCE Distributed Computing Equipment
+DCF Data Communication Facility
+DCF Data Compression Facility
+DCF Data Count Field
+DCF Driver Configuration File
+DCG Definite Clause Grammar
+DCH D Channel Handler
+DCI Desktop Color Imaging
+DCI Drum Corps International
+DCIEM Defense and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine
+DCL DEC Command Language
+DCL DEC Control Language
+DCL Declaration
+DCL Device Clear
+DCL Digital Command Language
+DCL Digital Control Logic
+DCLU Digital Carrier Line Uint
+DCM Digital Carrier Module
+DCME Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment
+DCMS Distributed Call Measurement System
+DCMU Digital Concentrator Measurement Unit
+DCN Davis Community Network
+DCNA Data Communication Network Architecture
+DCO Document Change Order
+DCP Distributed Communications Processor
+DCP Duplex Central Processor
+DCPR Detailed Contuing Property Record
+DCPSK Differential Coherent Phase-Shift Keying
+DCS Data Collection System
+DCS Data Control System
+DCS Desktop Color Separation
+DCS Digital Crosconnect System
+DCS Distribution Control System
+DCSC Defense Construction Supply Center
+DCT Digital Carrier Trunk
+DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
+DCTN Defense Commercial Telecommunications Network
+DCTS Dimension Custom Telephone Service
+DCW Distributed Collaborative Workbench
+DD Daredevils
+DD Data Dictionary
+DD Day
+DD Days after Date
+DD Demand Draft
+DD Digital Display
+DD Dishonorable Discharge
+DD Disk Drive
+DD Doctor of Divinity
+DD Double Density
+DD Dungeons & Dragons
+DD Dunkin ' Donuts
+DD double-density
+DDA Digital Differential Analyzer
+DDA Domain Defined Attribute
+DDA Domain-Defined Attribute
+DDB Device Dependent Bitmap
+DDC Digital Data Converter
+DDC Direct Department Calling
+DDCMP Digital Data Communications Message Protocol
+DDCS Distributed Database Connection Services
+DDCU DC-to-DC Converter Unit
+DDD Direct Distance Dialing
+DDE Direct Data Entry
+DDE Dynamic Data Exchange
+DDEML Dynamic Data Exchange Manager Library
+DDG Data Dependence Graph
+DDIF Digital Document Interchange Format
+DDJ Dr. Dobbs Journal
+DDK Device Driver Kit
+DDK Driver Development Kit
+DDL Data Definition Language
+DDL Data Description Language
+DDL Document Description Language
+DDLC Database Development Life Cycle
+DDM Distributed Data Management
+DDN Defense Data Network
+DDN Digital Data Network
+DDN Dotted Decimal Notation
+DDNNIC Defense Data Network Network Information Center
+DDP Datagram Delivery Protocol
+DDP Distributed Data Processing
+DDPEX Device Dependent PEX
+DDR Deutsche Demokratische Republik
+DDS Dataphone Digital Service
+DDS Decision Support Systems
+DDS Design Data Sheet
+DDS Digital Data Storage
+DDS Digital Data System
+DDS Digital Dataphone Service
+DDS Direct Digital Service
+DDS Doctor of Dental Science
+DDS Doctor of Dental Surgery
+DDS Document Distribution Services
+DDS data description specifications
+DDS data description specifications
+DDT DicholoroDiphenylTricholoroethane
+DDT Dynamic Debugging Technique
+DDX Device Dependent X
+DDX Device Dependent X windows
+DDX Digital Data eXchange
+DDX Distributed Data eXchange
+DE Delaware
+DE Disk Enclosure
+DE Germany
+DEA Data Encryption Algorithm
+DEA Drug Enforcement Administration
+DEA Drug Enforcement Agency
+DEA drug enforcement administration
+DEA drug enforcement administration
+DEAR Department of Energy Acquisition Regulation
+DEBNA Digital Ethernet BI Network Adapter
+DEBP distinctive estrogen-binding protein
+DEBP distinctive estrogen-binding protein
+DEC Decrement
+DEC Device Clear
+DEC Digital Equipment Corp.
+DEC Digital Equipment Corporation
+DEC Digital Equipment Corp.
+DECA Distributive Education Clubs of America
+DECT Digital Europian Cordless Telephony
+DECUS Digital Equipment Corporation Users Society
+DEET Department of Education, Employment and Training
+DEF Desktop Functional Equivalent
+DEK Data Encryption Key
+DEL Delete
+DELNI Digital Ethernet Local Network Interconnect
+DELQA Digital Ethernet Lowpower Q-bus network Adapter
+DELSTR Delete String
+DELUA Digital Ethernet Lowpower Unibus network Adapter
+DEMPR Digital Ethernet Multi-Port Repeater
+DENSA Rival club to MENSA
+DEPCA Digital Ethernet Personal Computer-bus Adapter
+DEQNA Digital Ethernet Q-bus Network Adapter
+DEREP Digital Ethernet REPeater
+DERP Defective Equipment Replacement Program
+DERV Diesel Engined Road Vehicle
+DES Data Encryption Standard
+DES Data Entry Sheet
+DESPR Digital Ethernet Single Port Repeater
+DESTA Digital Ethernet thin-wire STation Adapter
+DESY Deutches Electronen Synchrotron
+DESY Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron
+DET Device Execute Trigger
+DEU Germany
+DEUNA Digital Ethernet Unibus Network Adapter
+DEV Device
+DEW Distant Early Warning
+DEXEC Diagnostic EXEc software
+DF Damage Free
+DF Data Field
+DF Degrees of Freedom
+DF Destination Field
+DF Device Flag
+DF Direction Finding
+DF Double Flag
+DFA Determinate Finite Autonoma
+DFA Deterministic Finite Automaton
+DFA Deterministic Finite Autonoma
+DFAD Digital Feature Analysis Data
+DFC Data Flow Control
+DFC Development Finance Corp.
+DFC Distinguished Flying Cross
+DFD Data Flow Diagram
+DFE Data Flow Editor
+DFE Design For the Environment
+DFF `D'Flip-Flop
+DFG Deutsche ForschungsGemeinschaft
+DFI Digital Facility Interface
+DFKI Deutsches Forschungszentrum fur Kunstliche Intelligenz GmbH
+DFM Distinguished Flying Medal
+DFMEA Design Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
+DFMS Digital Facility Management System
+DFN Deutsche Forschungsnetz Verein
+DFRF Dryden Flight Research Facility
+DFS Depth-First Search
+DFS Distributed File System
+DFT Diagnostic Funtion Test
+DFT Discrete Fourier Transform
+DFT Distributed Function Terminal
+DFU Data File Utility
+DFW Dallas-Ft.Worth
+DG Data General
+DG Dei Gratia
+DG Deutsche Genossenschafts
+DG Directional Gyro
+DG Director General
+DGA Direct Graphics Access
+DGAC Direction Generale de l'Aviation Civile
+DGD Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Dokumentation
+DGIS Direct Graphics Interface Standard
+DGP Dissimilar Gateway Protocol
+DGPS Differential Global Positioning System
+DGSC Defense General Supply Center
+DH Diffie-Hellman
+DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
+DHEA DeHydroEpiAndrosterone
+DHHS Department of Health and Human Services
+DHSS Department of Health and Social Security
+DI Data In
+DI Destination Index
+DIA Defence Intelligence Agency
+DIA Denver International Airport
+DIA Document Interchange Architecture
+DIAD Drum Information Assembler / Dispatcher
+DIAL Direct Information Access Line
+DIAS Defense Automatic Integrated System
+DIB Device Independent Bitmap
+DIB Directory Information Bases
+DIBOL DEC Business Oriented Language
+DIC Digital Interface Controller
+DICNAVAB DICtionary of NAVal ABreviations
+DICOM Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
+DID Direct Inward Dialing
+DID direct-inward-dialing
+DIDS donor impurity density of states
+DIDS donor impurity density of states
+DIF Data Interchange Format
+DIF Digital Interface Frame
+DIF Document Interchange Format
+DIFFSENS Differential Sense
+DIFMOS Double Injection Floating Gate MOS
+DII Defense Information Infrastructure
+DIIP Direct Interrupt Identification Port
+DIL Dual InLine
+DILLIGAF Do I Look Like I Give A Fuck?
+DILOG DIstributed LOGic
+DIM Data In the Middle
+DIMDI Deutsches Institut fuer medizinische Dokumentation und Information
+DIMDI Deutsches Institut fur Medizinische Dokumentation und Information
+DIME Dual Independant Map Encoding
+DIMM Dual In-line Memory Module
+DIMS Document Image Management System
+DIN Deutsche Industrie Normenausschuss
+DIN Deutsche Industrie-Norm
+DIN Deutsches Institut fur Normung
+DINK Double Income No Kids
+DINKUM Dual Income, No Kids, Unbelievable Mortage
+DINKY Double Income No Kids Yet
+DIO Data Input-Output
+DIP Digital Imaging Processing
+DIP Dual In-line Pin
+DIP Dual Inline Package
+DIP Dual Inline Pin
+DIR Deliverly & Installation Request
+DIR Directory
+DIRE Dire Is Really Emacs
+DIRT Design In Real-Time
+DIRTFT Do It Right The First Time
+DIS Document Information System
+DIS Draft International Standard
+DIS Dynamic Impedance Stabilization
+DISA Data Interchange Standards Association
+DISA Defense Information Systems Agency
+DISA Direct Inward System Access
+DISCA Departament de Informatica de Sistemes, Computadors i Automatica
+DISN Defense Information Systems Network
+DISOSS Distributed Office Support System
+DISP Displacement
+DITTO Data Interfile Transfer, Testing and Operations
+DIU Digital Interface Unit
+DIV Divide
+DIV Division
+DIVE Distributed Interactive Virtual Environment
+DIW D-Inside Wire
+DIX DEC, Intel, Xerox
+DIX Digital, Intel and Xerox
+DIY Do It Yourself
+DJ Disc Jockey
+DJ Djibouti
+DJ Dow Jones
+DJ Dow Jones
+DJ the Dow Jones
+DJF Divorced Jewish Female
+DJI Djibouti
+DJIA Dow Jones Industrial Average
+DJIA Dow Jones Industrial Average
+DJIA the Dow Jones Industrial Average
+DK Denmark ISO 2-letter country code
+DKB Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank
+DL Download
+DL double layer
+DL double layer
+DL/1 Data Manipulation Language 1
+DLA Defense Logistics Agency
+DLAT Directory LookAside Table
+DLC Data Link Control
+DLC Democratic Leadership Council
+DLC Digital Loop Carrier
+DLC Driver's License Compact
+DLC Democratic Leadership Council
+DLC The Democratic Leadership Council
+DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier
+DLCU Digital Line Carrier Unit
+DLE Data Link Escape
+DLG Digital Line Graph
+DLI Data Link Interface
+DLJ Donaldson , Lufkin & Jenrette
+DLL Data Link Layer
+DLL Dial Long Lines
+DLL Dynamic Link Library
+DLM Dynamic Link Module
+DLMS Digital LandMass System
+DLO Dead Letter Office
+DLPI Data Link Provider Interface
+DLPI DataLink Provider Interface
+DLR DOS LAN Requester
+DLS Data Link Control
+DLS Digital Link Service
+DLSw Data Link Switch
+DLT Digital Linear Tape
+DLTS Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy
+DLTU Digital Line/Trunk Unit
+DLUPG Digital Line Unit-Pair Gain
+DM Delta Modulation
+DM Dialog Manager
+DM Distributed Memory
+DM District Manager
+DM Dominica
+DM Dungeon Master
+DMA Defense Mapping Agency
+DMA Direct Memory Access/Addressing
+DMA Dominica
+DMA direct-memory-access
+DMAC DMA Controller
+DMD Directory Management Domain
+DMD Doctor of Dental Medicine
+DME Distance Measuring Equipment
+DME Distributed Management Environment
+DMF Probably part of an X.400 address in Europe
+DMI Desktop Mangement Interface
+DMI Digital Multiplexed Interface
+DML Data Manipulation Logic
+DMLCS Database of Mediaeval Latin from Celtic Sources
+DMLCS Dictionary of Mediaeval Latin from Celtic Sources
+DMM Digital Multimeter
+DMMP Distributed Memory, Message Passing
+DMMS Dynamic Memory Management System
+DMOS Diffusion Metal Oxide Semiconductor
+DMOS Double-diffused Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
+DMP Dot Matrix Printer
+DMPC Distributed Memory Parallel Computer
+DMQS Display Mode Query and Set
+DMS Data Management System
+DMS Digital Multiplexed System
+DMS Diskless Management Services
+DMSD Digital Multistandard Decoding
+DMSO Defense Modeling and Simulation Office
+DMSO Defense Modelint & Simulation Office
+DMSO DiMethyl SulfOxide
+DMSO DiMethylSulfOxide
+DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
+DMTF Desktop Management Task Force
+DMU Data Manipulation Unit
+DMV Department of Motor Vehicles
+DMY Day Month Year
+DMZ DeMilitarized Zone
+DN Directory Number
+DN Down
+DNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
+DNA Digital Network Architecture
+DNC Direct Numerical Control
+DNC Dynamic Network Controller
+DNCB Di Nitro Chloro Benzene
+DNCRI Division of Networking and Communications Research and Infrastructure
+DND Dungeons 'n' Dragons
+DND Dungeons and Dragons
+DNF Did not finish
+DNHR Dynamic NonHierarchical Routing
+DNI DECnet Network Interface
+DNIC Data Network Identification Code
+DNIS Dialed Number Identification Service
+DNK Denmark
+DNL Director of Naval Laboratories
+DNP DiNitroPhenol
+DNQ Did not qualify
+DNR Department of Natural Resources
+DNR Dialed Number Recorder
+DNS Direct Numerical Simulation
+DNS Domain Name System
+DNS Domain Naming System
+DNX Dynamic Network X-connect
+DO Data Out
+DO Dominican Republic
+DO Democratic officials
+DOA Dead On Arrival
+DOAS Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy
+DOB Date Of Birth
+DOC Department of Commerce
+DOC Dynamic Overload Control
+DOCS Display Operator Console System
+DOD Department Of Defense
+DOE Department of Energy
+DOE Depends On Experience
+DOE Distributed Objects Everywhere
+DOE Department of Energy
+DOHC Dual OverHead Camshaft
+DOJ Department Of Justice
+DOM Data On Master group
+DOM Dominican Republic
+DOMAIN Distributed Operating Multi Access Interactive Network
+DONSA Day Of No Scheduled Activities
+DOOL Days Of Our Lives
+DOOM Death Of One Man
+DOORS Distributed Object Oriented Requirements System
+DOQ Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle
+DORE Dynamic Object Rendering Environment
+DOS Disk Operating System
+DOSEM DOS Emulation
+DOT Department Of Transportation
+DOT Designated Order Turnaround
+DOT Designated Order Turnaround
+DOT&E Director, Operational Test and Evaluation
+DOTE Director, Operational Test and Evaluation
+DOTS Digital Office Timing Supply
+DOV Data Over Voice
+DOW Day Of Week
+DOY Day of Year
+DP Data Processing
+DP Demarcation Point
+DP Dial Pulse
+DP Direct print
+DP Direct print
+DP Director of Photography
+DP Displaced Persons
+DP Display Postscript
+DP Double Play
+DP Draft Proposal
+DP data-processing
+DPA Delegation of Procurement Authority
+DPA Demand Protocol Architecture
+DPAC Dedicated Plant Assignment Center
+DPANS Draft Proposed American National Standard
+DPAREN Data Parity Enable
+DPB Drive Parameter Block
+DPC Destination Point Code
+DPC Direct Program Control
+DPE Data Path Extender
+DPI Dots Per Inch
+DPL Descriptor Privilege Level
+DPM Defect Per Million
+DPM Digital Panel Meter
+DPM Directional Policy Matrix
+DPMA Data Processing Management Association
+DPMI DOS Protected Mode Interface
+DPNPH Data Packet Network-Packet Handler
+DPNSS Digital Private Network Signaling System
+DPO Data Phase Optimization
+DPP Discounted Payback Period
+DPR Dual port RAM
+DPS Decentralized Processing System
+DPS Display PostScript
+DPS Distributed Processing System
+DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying
+DPSK Differential Phased-Shift Keying
+DPtoTP Display Coordinates to Tablet Coordinates
+DQ Dairy Queen
+DQ Dragon Quest
+DQDB Distributed Queue Dual Bus
+DQL Database Query Language
+DR Data Ready
+DR Data Receive
+DR Data Received
+DR Dead Reckoning
+DR Dining Room
+DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
+DRAM dynamic random access memories
+DRAM dynamic-RAM
+DRAM dynamic random access memories
+DRAW Direct Read After Write
+DRD Data Reading Device
+DRDA Distributed Relational Database Architecture
+DRDO Defense Research and Development Organization
+DRDOS Digital Research Disk Operating System
+DRDOS Digital Research Disk Operating System for PCs
+DRDW Direct Read During Write
+DRE Directional Reservation Equipment
+DREAM Dutch Randomized Endovascular Aneurysm Management
+DREO Defence Research Establishment Ottawa
+DREV Defence Research Establishment Valcartier
+DRG Democratic Republic of Germany
+DRG East Germany
+DRI Defense Research Internet
+DRI Digital Research Incorporated
+DRI Digital Research, Incorporated
+DRI Dirty Rotten Imbeciles
+DRMU Digital Remote Measurement Unit
+DRO Data Request Output
+DRO Destructive Read-Out
+DRO Durango, Colorado
+DRP DECnet Routing Protocol
+DRP Distribution Resource Planning
+DRS Data Rate Select
+DRV Drive
+DS Data Segment
+DS Data Send
+DS Data Server
+DS Digital Signal
+DS Digital carrier Span
+DS Direct Signal
+DS Directory Service
+DS Double Sided
+DS Double-Sided
+DS Draft Standard
+DS data-stream
+DS-1 Digital Signal level 1
+DS-1 Digitial Signal 1
+DS-3 Digital Signal level 3
+DS-3 Digitial Signal 3
+DS1 Digital Signal level 1
+DS1 Digitial Signal 1
+DS3 Digital Signal level 3
+DS3 Digitial Signal 3
+DS9 Deep Space Nine
+DSA Democratic Socialists of America
+DSA Dial System Assistance
+DSA Digital Storage Architecture
+DSA Directory Service Agent
+DSA Directory System Agent
+DSAB Distributed Systems Architecture Board
+DSBAM Double-SideBand Amplitude Module
+DSC Document Structuring Conventions
+DSCS Defense Satellite Communications System
+DSD Data Structure Diagram
+DSD Duales System Deutschland
+DSDC Direct Service Dial Capability
+DSDD Double Sided, Double Density
+DSDD Double Sided, Double Density diskette
+DSE Data Storage Equipment
+DSE Data Structure Editor
+DSE Directorate of School Education
+DSEA Display Station Emulation Adapter
+DSECT Dummy Control Section
+DSEE Domain Software Engineering Environment
+DSG Democratic Study Group
+DSG Deutsche Schlafwagen- und Speisewagen-Gesellschaft
+DSG Democratic Study Group
+DSG the Democratic Study Group
+DSHD Double Sided, High Density
+DSHD Double Sided, High Density disk
+DSHD Double Sided, High Density diskette
+DSI Digital Speech Interpolation
+DSIR Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
+DSIS Distributed Support Information Standard
+DSK Down Stream Keyer
+DSL Deutsche Siedlungs ' & Landesrentenbank
+DSL Deutsche Siedlungs' & Landesrentenbank
+DSL Dynamic Simulation Language
+DSM Distinguished Service Medal
+DSN Deep Space Network
+DSN Digital Signal N
+DSN Digital Signal level N
+DSO Digital Storage Oscilloscope
+DSO Distinguished Service Order
+DSOM Distributed System Object Model
+DSP Decessit Sine Prole
+DSP Defense Support Program
+DSP Digital Signal Processing
+DSP Digital Signal Processor
+DSP Domain-Specific System
+DSP digital-signal-processing
+DSQD Double Sided, Quad Density
+DSQD Double Sided, Quad Density disk
+DSQD Double Sided, Quad Density diskette
+DSR Data Set Ready
+DSR Device Status Report
+DSR Digital Standard Runoff
+DSR Dynamic Service Register
+DSRI Digital Standard Relational Interface
+DSS Data Station Selector
+DSS Decision Support System
+DSS Digital Satellite System
+DSS Direct Station Selection
+DSSI Digital Storage Systems Interconnect
+DSSSL Document Style Semantics and Specification Language
+DST Daylight Saving Time
+DST Drill Stem Test
+DSTN Double SuperTwisted Nematic
+DSTO Defence Science Technology Organisation
+DSTO Defence Science and Technology Organisation
+DSU Data Service Unit
+DSU Digital Service Unit
+DSU Disk Subsystem Unit
+DSW Data Status Word
+DSW Device Status Word
+DSX Digital System X-connect
+DT Data Transmit
+DT Delirium Tremens
+DT Di-group Terminal
+DTA Disk Transfer Area
+DTAS Digital Test Access System
+DTB Data Transfer Bus
+DTC Design To Cost
+DTC Di-group Terminal Controller
+DTC Digital Trunk Controller
+DTD Document Type Definition
+DTE Data Terminal Equipment
+DTE Dumb Terminal Emulator
+DTED Digital Terrain Elevation Data
+DTF Dial Tone First payphone
+DTFT Discrete-Time Fourier Transform
+DTG Direct Trunk Group
+DTH Dallas Times Herald
+DTH Dallas Times Herald
+DTH the Dallas Times Herald
+DTI Department of Trade and Industry
+DTIC Defense Technical Information Center
+DTIC Defense Technology Information Center
+DTIF Digital Transmission Interface Frame
+DTL Diode Transistor Logic
+DTL Diode-Transistor Logic
+DTMF Data Tone Multiple Frequency
+DTMF Dial Tone Multi Frequency
+DTMF Dual Tone Multifrequency
+DTP Desk Top Publishing
+DTP DeskTop Publishing
+DTP DocuTech Printer
+DTR Data Terminal Ready
+DTR Data Transfer Rate
+DTSC Digital Transit Switching Centre
+DTSS Dartmouth TimeSharing System
+DTU Demand Transmission Unit
+DTU Di-group Terminal Unit
+DTV Desktop Video
+DTVC Desktop Video Conferencing
+DTW Detroit Metropolitan Airport
+DU Decision Unit
+DU Disk Usage
+DUA Directory User Agent
+DUAT Direct User Access Terminal
+DUATS Direct User Access Terminal System
+DUI Driving Under the Influence
+DUT Delft University Of Technology
+DUT Device Under Test
+DUV Data Under Voice
+DV Deo Volente
+DV God willing
+DVACS Data Verification, Access and Control System
+DVB Digital Video Broadcast
+DVC Digital Voice Card
+DVI DeVice Independent
+DVI Digital Video Interactive
+DVM Digital Volt Meter
+DVM Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
+DVMA Direct Virtual Memory Access
+DVMRP Distance-Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
+DVT Deep Vein Thrombosis
+DVX Digital Voice eXchange
+DW Dead Weight
+DWAPS Defense Warehousing Automated Processing System
+DWB Documenter's WorkBench
+DWBH Don't Worry, Be Happy!
+DWG Drawing
+DWI Died Without Issue
+DWI Driving While Intoxicated
+DWIM Do What I Mean
+DWLS Driving while License is Suspended
+DWR Department of Water Resources
+DX Distance
+DXC Data Exchange Control
+DXC Digital Cross-Connect
+DXF Drawing Exchange Format
+DXM Dextromethorphan
+DXT Data eXtractT facility
+DZ Algeria
+DZA Algeria
+DeGUSSA Deutsche Gold- und SilberScheideAnstalt
+DoIT Division of Instructional Technologies
+E East
+E Espionage
+E&M Ear and Mouth
+E&OE Errors and Omissions Excepted
+E&P Electric & Power
+E-MAIL Electronic MAIL
+E-O erasable-optical
+E-R entity-relationship
+E.G.T. Eppler , Guerin & Turner
+E.H. Equinox House
+E.P.A. Environmental Protection Agency
+E.P.A. Environmental Protection Agency
+E/A/R Entity/Attribute/Relationship
+E/R Entity/relationship
+E911 Enhanced 911
+EA Extended Attribute
+EAA Experimental Aircraft Association
+EACL European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
+EADAS Engineering and Administrative Data Acquisition System
+EADASNM Engineering and Administrative Data Acquisition System/Network Management
+EADASS Engineering and Administrative Data AcquiSition System
+EADS Emergency Air Detritiation System
+EADS Emergency Air Detritiation System
+EAEO Equal Access End Office
+EAFB Edwards Air Force Base
+EAGLES Expert Advisory Group on Language Engineering Standards
+EAIJ Electronic Industries Association of Japan
+EAL European cooperation for Accreditation of Laboratories
+EAN European Academic Network
+EANAB Equally Attractive Non-Alcoholic Beverage
+EARN European Academic Research Network
+EAROM Electrically Alterable Read Only Memory
+EARS Electronic Access to Reference Services
+EAS Engineering Administration System
+EAS Extended Announcement System
+EAS Extended Area Service
+EASD Equal Access Service Date
+EASI Enhanced Asynchronous SCSI Interface
+EASI European Academic Supercomputer Initiative
+EATA Enhanced AT Bus Attachment
+EATA European Association of Turkish Academics
+EBC EISA Bus Controller
+EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
+EBE Extraterrestrial Biological Entity
+EBI Equivalent Background Input
+EBI Extended Background Investigation
+EBI Extensive Background Investigations
+EBL Explanation Based Learning
+EBNF Extended Backus-Naur Form
+EBPI Employee Benefit Plans Inc.
+EBPI Employee Benefit Plans Inc.
+EBRSC Electronic Bulletin of the Rough Set Community
+EBS Esselte Business Systems
+EBS Esselte Business Systems
+EBSCO Elton B Stephens COmpany
+EBT Electronic Benefits Transfer
+EC East Coast
+EC Economic Community
+EC Ecuador
+EC European Commission
+EC European Community
+EC European Court
+EC Exchange Carrier
+EC Express Corp.
+EC European Community
+ECA European Coproduction Association
+ECA European Coproduction Association
+ECA The European Coproduction Association
+ECAC Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center
+ECAD Electronical Computer Aided Design
+ECAFE Economic Commission for Africa and the Far East
+ECAL Enjoy Computing And Learn
+ECAP Electronic Customer Access Program
+ECASS Electronically Controlled Automatic Switching System
+ECASS Export Control Automated Support System
+ECASU East Coast Asian Student Union
+ECC Enter Cable Change
+ECC Error Check Code
+ECC Error Checking and Correction
+ECC Error Correction Codes
+ECCI Eastern Canada Cat Institute
+ECCM Electronic Counter-CounterMeasures
+ECCS Economic C Call Seconds
+ECD East Coast Division
+ECD Enhanced Color Display
+ECDO Electronic Community Dial Office
+ECF Enhanced Connectivity Facility
+ECG ElectroCardioGram
+ECL Emitter Coupled Logic
+ECL Error Correction Logic
+ECL emitter-coupled-logic
+ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
+ECLSS Environmental Control and Life Support System
+ECM Electronic Counter Measure
+ECM European Common Market
+ECMA European Computer Manufacturers Association
+ECMM European Community Monitor Mission
+ECMO ExtraCorporealMembraneOxygenation
+ECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
+ECN Engineering Computer Network
+ECN Netherlands Energy Research Foundation
+ECNE Electric Council of New England
+ECO Ecological
+ECO Electronic Central Office
+ECO Engineering Change Order
+ECOM Electronic Computer Originated Mail
+ECOOP European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming
+ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
+ECP Enhanced Capabilities Port
+ECPA Electronic Communication Privacy Act
+ECPA Electronic Communications Privacy Act
+ECPA Evangelical Christian Publishers Association
+ECPA Evangelical Christian Publishers Association
+ECPA the Evangelical Christian Publishers Association
+ECPT Electronic Coin Public Telephone
+ECR Engineering Change Request
+ECRC European Computer-Industry Research Centre
+ECRH Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating
+ECS Electronic Crosconnect System
+ECS Environmental Control System
+ECS European Common Standard
+ECSA Exchange Carriers Standards Association
+ECSITE European Collaborative for Science Industry and Technology Exhibitions
+ECSS European Cooperation for Space Standardization
+ECT ElectroConvulsive Therapy
+ECTL Electronic Communal Temporal Lobe
+ECTSNPRA European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas
+ECU Ecuador
+ECU European Currency Unit
+ECU European currency unit
+ECU European currency unit
+ECV Electric Cargo Vehicle
+ED Erase Display
+ED&D Expert Dungeons & Dragons
+EDA Economic Development Administration
+EDA Electronic Design Automation
+EDA Embedded Document Architecture
+EDA electronic-design-automation
+EDA Economic Development Administration
+EDA the Economic Development Administration
+EDAC Electromechanical Digital Adapter Circuit
+EDC Enhanced Data Correction
+EDC Error Detection and Correction
+EDCM Europe Deutschland Cologne-Merzbruck
+EDD Expert Dungeons & Dragons
+EDDC Extended Distance Data Cable
+EDF Electricite de France
+EDGAR Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval
+EDI Electronic Data Interchange
+EDI Electronic Document Interchange
+EDI Enhanced Definition Interlaced
+EDI electronic document interchange
+EDI electronic document interchange
+EDIF Electronic Design Interchange Format
+EDIFACT EDI for Administration Commerce and Transport
+EDIFACT Electronic Data Interchange For Administration, Commerce and Transport
+EDILIBE Electronic Data Interchange between LIbraries and Booksellers in Europe
+EDLC Ethernet Data Link Control
+EDLIN Editor
+EDLIS Exchange of Dylan Lyrics - Internet Service
+EDLP Every Day Low Pricing
+EDM Engineering Data Management
+EDMS Engineering Data Management System, Engineering Document Management System
+EDO Enhanced Data Out
+EDO Extended Duration Orbiter
+EDO RAM Extended Data-Out Random Access Memory
+EDOS Enhanced DOS for Windows
+EDP Electronic Data Processing
+EDP Enhanced Definition Progressive
+EDPM Electronic Data Processing Machine
+EDRAM Eraseable Dynamic Random Access Memory
+EDS Electronic Data Systems
+EDS Electronic Data Systems
+EDSAC Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer
+EDSI Enhanced Small Device Interface
+EDSX Electronic Digital Signal X-connect
+EDT Eastern Daylight Time
+EDTA Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid
+EDTCC Electronic Data Transmission Communications Central
+EDU Education
+EDVAC Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
+EE Electrical or Electronics Engineer
+EE Estonia
+EE environmental education
+EE environmental education
+EEA European Economic Area
+EEC European Economic Comunity
+EEC Extended Error Correction
+EECS Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
+EECT End-to-End Call Trace
+EED Electro-Explosive Device
+EEDP Expanded Electronic tandem switching Dialing Plan
+EEFMS Early Eyeball Fraternal and Marching Society
+EEG ElectroEncephaloGram
+EEHO Either End Hop Off
+EEI Equipment-to-Equipment Interface
+EEL Epsilon Extension Language
+EEM Extended Memory Management
+EEM External Expansion Module
+EEMS Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification
+EENet Estonian Educational and Research Network
+EEO Errors and Omissions Excepted
+EEOC Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
+EEOC Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
+EEOC the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
+EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
+EER extended-entity-relationship
+EES Escrowed Encryption Standard
+EF128 Electronic Frontiers Route 128
+EFA Electronic Frontiers Australia
+EFA Extended File Attribute
+EFC Electronic Frontier Canada
+EFD Ellington Field, Houston TX
+EFF Electronic Frontier Foundation
+EFH Electronic Frontiers Houston
+EFI Electromechanical Frequency Interference
+EFI Electronic Frontiers Ireland
+EFI Electronics For Imaging
+EFJ Electronic Frontiers Japan
+EFL Emitter Follower Logic
+EFLA Extended Four Letter Acronym
+EFMLS Eastern Federation of Mineralogical and Lapidary Societies
+EFN Electronic Frontier Norway
+EFNH Electronic Frontiers New Hampshire
+EFRAP Electronic Feeder Route Analysis Program
+EFS Error Free Seconds
+EFTA European Free Trade Association
+EFTAM Electronic File Transfer Access Method
+EFTPOS Electronic Funds Transfer at Point of Sale
+EFTS Electronic Funds Transfer System
+EG Egypt
+EG Exempla Gratiae x
+EG Exempli Gratia
+EGA Enhanced Graphics Adapter
+EGA enhanced graphics adapter
+EGA enhanced graphics adapter
+EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol
+EGREP Extended GREP
+EGRET Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope
+EGY Egypt
+EH Western Sahara
+EHF Extremely High Frequency
+EHLLAPI Emulator High Level Language Application
+EHLLAPI Programming Interface
+EHP Error Handling Package
+EHPS European Health Psychology Society
+EHS European Hybrid Spectrometer
+EHS European Hybrid Spectrometer
+EI Environmental Illness
+EIA Electronic Industries Association
+EIA Electronics Industry Association
+EIA Energy Information Administration
+EIB Excellence In Broadcasting
+EIN Employer Identification Number
+EINE EINE Is Not Emacs
+EINECS European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances
+EIRENE The European Information Researchers Association
+EIS Environmental Impact Statement
+EIS Executive Information Systems
+EIS Expanded Inband Signaling
+EIS Extended Instruction Set
+EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture
+EISA Extended Industry-Standard Architecture
+EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture
+EISB Electronic Imaging Standards Board
+EISS Economic Impact Study System
+EISS European Intelligence Support System
+EITC earned-income tax credit
+EITC earned-income tax credit
+EITS Encoded Information TypeS
+EJASA Electronic Journal of the Astronomical Society of the Atlantic
+EJOR European Journal of Operational Research
+EK Eastman Kodak
+EK Eastman Kodak
+EKG ElectroKardioGramm
+EKTS Electronic Key Telephone Sets
+EL ElectroLuminescent
+EL Erase Line
+ELC Extra Low Cost
+ELF Extensible Linking Format
+ELF Extremely Low Frequency
+ELF extremely-low-frequency
+ELIB West Coast Environmental Legal Information Base
+ELICOS English Language Courses for Overseas Students
+ELISA Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorption Assay
+ELISA Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay
+ELLE Elle Looks Like Emacs
+ELM ELectronic Mailer
+ELO Electric Light Orchestra
+ELP Emerson, Lake and Palmer
+ELP Emerson, Lake and Powell
+ELS Entry Level System
+ELSNET European NETwork in Language and Speech
+ELT Electronic Locator Transmitter
+ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter
+ELV Expendable Launch Vehicle
+ELVIS Expanding Linear Visualization Information Structure
+EM Ear & Mouth
+EM Electronic Mail
+EM Engineering Model
+EM Enlisted Man
+EM Expanded Memory
+EMA Electronic Mail Association
+EMA Enterprise Management Architecture
+EMA Environmental Media Association
+EMA Environmental Media Association
+EMACS Editor MACroS
+EMACS Emacs Makes A Computer Slow
+EMACS Escape Meta Alt Control Shift
+EMAIL Electronic MAIL
+EMB Extended Memory Block
+EMBARC Electronic Mail Broadcast to a Roaming Computer
+EMBO European Molecular Biology Organization
+EMBRAPA EMpresa BRAsileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria
+EMC Electro Magnetic Compatability
+EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
+EMC Electronic Media Center
+EMC Extended Math Coprocessor
+EMEP European Monitoring and Evaluation Program
+EMEP European Monitoring and Evaluation Program
+EMF ElectroMotive Force
+EMG ElectroMyoGram
+EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference
+EMI External Muon Identifier
+EMI External Muon Identifier
+EML Expected Measured Loss
+EMM Expanded Memory Manager
+EMP Electromagnetic Propagation
+EMP Electromagnetic Pulse
+EMPRESS EnvironMental Pulse Radiation Environment Simulator for Ships
+EMR Electro-Magnetic Radiation
+EMR ElectroMagnetic Response
+EMS Electronic Mail System
+EMS Electronic Message System
+EMS Element Management System
+EMS Emergency Medical Services
+EMS European Monetary System
+EMS Extended Memory Specification
+EMS European Monetary System
+EMS the European Monetary System
+EMT Emergency Medical Technician
+EMU ElectroMagnetic Unit
+EMU Extravehicular Mobility Unit
+EMail Electronic Mail
+ENDS Ends Segment
+ENEA Comitato Nazionale per la Ricerca e per lo Sviloppo dell' Energia Nuclaeare e delle Energie Alternative, Italy
+ENEL Ente Nazionale energia ELettrica
+ENET Ethernet
+ENFIA Exchange Network Facility for Interstate Access
+ENI Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi
+ENI Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi
+ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
+ENQ Enquiry
+ENS ENSign
+ENSS Exterior Nodal Switching Subsystem
+ENSTBr ecole Nationale Superieure des Telecommunications de Bretagne
+EO End Office
+EO Erasable Optical
+EOA End of Address
+EOB End Of Buffer
+EOB End of Block
+EOC End of Conversion
+EOD Erasable Optical Disk
+EOE Electronic Order Exchange
+EOE Equal Opportunity Employer
+EOF End Of File
+EOG Enron Oil & Gas
+EOG Enron Oil & Gas
+EOI End or Identify
+EOJ End of Job
+EOL End of List
+EOM End Of Month
+EOR Exclusive OR
+EOS Earth Observing Satellite
+EOS Earth Observing System
+EOS Electrical OverStress
+EOS End of String
+EOS Extended Operating System
+EOSDIS Earth Observing Satellite Data and Information System
+EOSDIS Earth Observing System Data and Information System
+EOT End Of Transmission
+EOT End of Tape
+EOT End of Text
+EOTT End Office Toll Trunking
+EOWG Engineering and Operations Working Group
+EP Emulation Program
+EP Experience Points
+EP Extended Play
+EP electro-photographic
+EPA Enhanced Performance Architecture
+EPA Environmental Protection Agency
+EPA Environmental Protection Agency
+EPA the Environmental Protection Agency
+EPC Economic Policy Council
+EPC Economic Policy Council
+EPC the Economic Policy Council
+EPCOT Every Person Comes Out Tired
+EPCOT Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow
+EPD Entry Products Division
+EPFL Ecole Polytechnice Federale de Lausanne
+EPIRB Electronic Personal Identification Radio Beacon
+EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
+EPIX Emergency Preparedness Information eXchange
+EPL Effective Privilege Level
+EPL Electronic switching system Program Language
+EPLD Electrically Programmable Logic Device
+EPM Enhanced Editor for Presentation Manager
+EPM Enterprise Process Management
+EPMA Electron Probe Microanalysis
+EPN European Pulsar Network
+EPOS Engineering and Project-management Oriented Support system
+EPP Enhanced Parallel Port
+EPPS Electronic Pre-Press Systems.
+EPRI Electric Power Research Institute
+EPRI Electric Power Research Institute
+EPROM Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory
+EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
+EPS Encapsulated PostScript
+EPSCS Enhanced Private Switched Communication Service
+EPSCoR Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research
+EPSF Encapsulated PostScript Files
+EPSF Encapsulated PostScript Format
+EPSI Encapsulated PostScript Interchange
+EPSRC Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
+EPT Empire of the Petal Throne
+EPTS Electronic Problem Tracking System
+EPUB Electronic PUBlication
+EPW Enemy Prisoner of War
+EQ Educational Quotient
+EQUEL Embedded QUEL
+ER Emergency Room
+ER Entity-Relationship
+ER Error Register
+ER entity-relationship
+ERA Earned Run Average
+ERA Electronic Realty Associates
+ERA Entity-Relationship-Attribute
+ERA Entity-Relationship-Attribute
+ERA Equal Rights Amendment
+ERA entity/relationship/attribute
+ERAR Error Return Address Register
+ERAS Electronic Routing and Approval System
+ERASMUS EC Programme for Student Mobility and Higher Education Cooperation in Europe
+ERASMUS EuRopean community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students
+ERASMUS European Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students
+ERAU Embry Riddle Aeronautical University
+ERCB Energy Resources Conservation Board
+ERD Entity-Relation Diagram
+ERD Entity-Relationship Diagram
+ERE Entity Relationship Editor
+ERE Entity-Relationship Editor
+EREP Environmental Recording Editing and Printing
+ERI Entity-Relationship-Involvement
+ERIC Educational Research Information Centers
+ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
+ERICA Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic
+ERICA Eyegaze Response Interface Computer Aid
+ERIN Environmental Resources Information Network
+ERISA Employee Retirement Income Security Act
+ERISA Employment Retirement Income Security Act
+ERISA Employment Retirement Income Security Act
+ERISA the Employment Retirement Income Security Act
+ERL Echo Return Loss
+ERLL Enhanced Run Length Limited
+EROM Erasable Read Only Memory
+ERP Effective Radiated Power
+ERR Error
+ERS Earth Resources Satellite
+ERT Earth Resources Technology
+ERU Error Return address Update
+ES End System
+ES Expert System
+ES Extra Segment
+ES Spain
+ES-IS end-System-to-Intermediate-System
+ES/IS end-system/intermediate-system
+ESA Enterprise Systems Architecture
+ESA European Space Agency
+ESAC Electronic Surveillance Assistance Center
+ESAC Electronic Systems Assistance Center
+ESADMF Eat Shit And Die, Mother Fucker
+ESB Emergency Service Bureau
+ESC Escape
+ESC/P Epson Standard Code for Printers
+ESC/P2 Enhanced ESC/P
+ESCA Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis
+ESCM Extended Services Communications Manager
+ESCON Enterprise System Connection
+ESD ElectroStatic Discharge
+ESD Electronic Software Distribution
+ESD Engineering Service Division
+ESDA Electronic System Design Automation
+ESDI Enhanced Small Device Interface
+ESDI Enhanced Standard Device Interface
+ESDX Environment & Safety Data Exchange
+ESE East South East
+ESEA Elementary and Secondary Education Act
+ESF Eureka Software Factory
+ESF Extended Superframe Format
+ESH End System Hello
+ESH Western Sahara
+ESI ElectroStatic Interference
+ESI End System Identifier
+ESI Enhanced Serial Interface
+ESIS End System-Intermediate System
+ESL Emergency Stand-Alone
+ESL English as a Second Language
+ESM Electronic Support Measures
+ESM External Storage Module
+ESMD Embeded Storage Module Disk
+ESMD Enhanced Storage Module Device
+ESMTP Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
+ESN Electronic Serial Number
+ESN Electronic Switched Network
+ESNET Energy Sciences network
+ESO European Southern Observatory
+ESOP Employee Stock Ownership Plan
+ESOP employee stock ownership plan
+ESOP employee stock ownership plans
+ESP Emulation Sensing Processor
+ESP Enhanced Serial Port
+ESP Enhanced Service Provider
+ESP Exchange Stock Portfolio
+ESP Extra Sensory Perception
+ESP Spain
+ESP extra-sensory perception
+ESP extra-sensory perception
+ESP Exchange Stock Portfolio
+ESPEC Ethernet SPECification
+ESPN Entertainment & Sports Programming Network
+ESPN Entertainment Sports Programming Network
+ESPN Entertainment and Sports Programming Network
+ESPRIT European Strategic Program of Research in Information Technologies
+ESPS Entropic Signal Processing System
+ESRD End Stage Renal Disease
+ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute
+ESRIN European Space Research Institute
+ESS Electronic Switching System
+ESS Environmental Stress Screening
+ESSEX Experimental Solid State EXchange
+ESSX Electronic Switching Systen eXchange
+EST Eastern Standard Time
+EST Estonia
+ESU Electro-Static Unit
+ESU Enormous State University
+ET Eastern Time
+ET Ethiopia
+ET External Tank
+ET Extra Terrestrial
+ET ExtraTerrestrial
+ET/ACC External Tank/Aft Cargo Carrier
+ETA Estimated Time of Arrival
+ETACC External Tank/Aft Cargo Carrier
+ETANN Electrically Trainable Analog Neural Network
+ETAS Emergency Technical ASsistance
+ETB End of Transmission Block
+ETC Enhanced Throughput Cellular
+ETC Et caetera
+ETC Et cetera
+ETD Estimated Time of Departure
+ETDE Energy Technology Data Exchange
+ETF Electronic Toll Fraud
+ETFD Electronic Toll Fraud Device
+ETH Eidgnoessiche Techniche Hochschule
+ETH Eidgnoessiche Technische Hochschule
+ETH Ethiopia
+ETLA Extended Three Letter Acronym
+ETN Electronic Tandem Network
+ETO Earth-to-Orbit
+ETPL Endorsed Tempest Products List
+ETR Eastern Test Range
+ETR Employer Trip Reduction
+ETR Engineering Test Reactor
+ETR Engineering Test Reactor
+ETS Econometric Time Series
+ETS Electronic Tandem Switching
+ETS Electronic Translation System
+ETS Electronic Translator System
+ETSACI Electronic Tandem Switching Adminstration Channel Interface
+ETSI European Telecommunication Standards Institute
+ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
+ETSI Eurpean Telecommunications Standards Institute
+ETSSP ETS Status Panel
+ETTM Electronic Toll and Traffic Management
+ETV Education TeleVision
+ETX End of Text
+EU European Union
+EU Execution Unit
+EUA Eastern Utilities Associates
+EUA Eastern Utilities Associates
+EUC Extended Unix Code
+EUCAR EUropean Council for Automotive Research and development
+EUCLID European Cooperation for the Long Term In Defence
+EUMETSAT EUropean METeorological SATellite
+EUMETSAT European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
+EUNET European UNIX network
+EUSPBA Eastern United States Pipe Band Association
+EUUG European UNIX Users Group
+EUV Extreme Ultra-Violet
+EUV Extreme UltraViolet
+EUVE Extreme Ultra-Violet Explorer
+EUVE Extreme UltraViolet Explorer
+EVA ExtraVehicular Activity
+EVE Extensible VAX Editor
+EVGA Extended Video Graphics Array
+EVN European Vlbi Network
+EVVK Ei Vois Vaehempaeae Kiinnostaa
+EVX Electronic Voice eXchange
+EW Electronic Warfare
+EW Enlisted Woman
+EWO Electronic Warfare Officer
+EWO Engineering Work Order
+EWOS European Workshop for Open Systems
+EWS Employee Written Software
+EWS Engineering Work Station
+EXACT International EXchange of Authenticated electronic Component Technology and test data
+EXAFS Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure
+EXITE Energetic X-ray Imaging Telescope Experiment
+EXOSAT EXOspheric SATellite
+EXOSAT Extreme X-ray Observatory SATellite
+EXP Exponent
+EXPASY EXpert Protein Analysis SYstem - WWW server and expert system
+EXPO World Exposition
+EXT External
+EXTREM Extended Relational Model
+EXTRN External Reference
+EXUG European X User Group
+F.D.R. Franklin D. Roosevelt
+F.G. Freeman and Green
+F/T Full Time
+F2F Face to Face
+FA Factory Automation
+FA Finance Accounting
+FA Football Association
+FA Fuse Alarm
+FAA Federal Aviation Administration
+FAA Federal Aviation Agency
+FAA Federal Aviation Authority
+FAA Flexible Automatic Assembly
+FAA Federal Aviation Administration
+FAA the Federal Aviation Administration
+FAAQ Federation des astronomes amateurs du Quebec
+FAB Computer-Chip Fabrication Plant
+FAB Feature-Advantage-Benefit
+FAC Federal Advisory Council
+FAC File Access Code
+FAC Federal Advisory Council
+FAC the Federal Advisory Council
+FACD Foreign Area Customer Dialing
+FACE Fathers And Children for Equality
+FACOM Fujitsu Automatic Computer
+FACP Fellow, American College of Physicians
+FACS Facilities Assignment and Control System
+FADA Federal Asset Disposition Association
+FADA Federal Asset Disposition Association
+FADA the Federal Asset Disposition Association
+FADEC Full Authority Digital Engine Control
+FAE Fuel Air Explosive
+FAESHED Fuel Air ExploSive, HElicopter Delivered
+FAG Film-AG an der Universitat Hannover
+FAG Forced Air Gas
+FAI Federation Aeronautique International
+FALIA Fellow of the Australian Library and Information Association
+FAMOS Floating Gate Avalanche MOS
+FAN Ford and National
+FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
+FAP File Access Protocol
+FAP Fortran Assembly Program
+FAPI Family Application Program Interface
+FAQ Frequently Asked Questions
+FAQ Frequently-Asked Questions
+FAQL Frequently-Asked Questions List
+FAR Federal Acquisition Regulations
+FAR Federal Aviation Regulations
+FAR Federation of American Research
+FARMS Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
+FARNET Federation of American Research NETworks
+FART Fellowship After Round Table
+FART French Alpine Racing Team
+FAS Foreign Agricultural Service
+FAS Free Alongside Ship
+FASB Financial Accounting Standards Board
+FASB Financial Accounting Standards Board
+FASB Financial Accounting Standards Board
+FASB the Financial Accounting Standards Board
+FASSP First Assistant Secretary Science Policy
+FASST Flexible Architecture Standard System Technology
+FAST Fast Auroral SnapshoT explorer
+FAST First Application System Test
+FAT File Allocation Table
+FAT Foreign Area Translation
+FAX FAcsimile
+FB Freight Bill
+FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation
+FBI Federation of British Industries
+FBI Fumbly Bumbly Idiots
+FBO Fixed-Base Operator
+FBOM Fine Business Old Man
+FBPS Fellow of the British Psychological Society
+FBR Foundation for Biomedical Research
+FC Full Color
+FCAE Facilitating Coordination in Agriculture Education
+FCAP Facility CAPacity
+FCB File Control Block
+FCB Foote , Cone & Belding
+FCC Federal Communications Comission
+FCC Federal Communications Commission
+FCC Federal Computer Conference
+FCC Forward Command Channel
+FCC Federal Communications Commission
+FCC The Federal Communications Commission
+FCCSET Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Education and Technology
+FCDNA Field Command/Defense Nuclear Agency
+FCFS First Come First Served
+FCG False Cross or Ground
+FCGR Fatigue Crack Growth Rate
+FCI Federation Cynologique Internationale
+FCI Flux Changes per Inch
+FCO Field Change Order
+FCP Flight Control Plan
+FCP Floating-point Co-Processor
+FCRC Federal Contract Research Center
+FCS File Control Systemction
+FCS First Customer Ship
+FCS Frame Check Sequence
+FCS Frame Check/Control Sequence
+FCT Four Corner Test
+FD File Descriptor
+FD Flexible Disk
+FD Flexible Diskette
+FD Floppy Disk
+FD Floppy Diskette
+FD Floppy Drive
+FD Full Duplex
+FDA Food And Drug Administration
+FDA Food and Drug Administration
+FDA Food and Drug Administration
+FDA the Food and Drug Administration
+FDC Federation for a Democratic China
+FDC Federation for a Democratic China
+FDC Floppy Disk Controller
+FDDI Fiber Digital Device Interface
+FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface
+FDDI Fiber-Distributed-Data-Interface
+FDDL Fiberoptic Distributed Data Link
+FDHD Floppy Drive High Density
+FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
+FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
+FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
+FDIC the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
+FDISK Fixed Disk
+FDLE Florida Department of Law Enforcement
+FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing
+FDM Frequency-Division Multiplexing
+FDN Nicaraguan Democratic Force
+FDP Field Development Program
+FDR Franklin Delano Roosevelt
+FDTD Finite Difference Time Domain
+FDX Full DupleX
+FE Field Engineer
+FE Format Effecters
+FE Front End
+FEA Finite Element Analysis
+FEA Functional Entity Actions
+FEANLPI Functional Entity Actions Network Layer Protocol Identifier
+FEAR False Evidence Appearing Real
+FEBA Forward Edge of Battle Area
+FEBA Forward Edge of the Battle Area
+FEC Forward Error Correction
+FED Far End Data
+FEDEX Federal Express
+FEDSIM FEDeral Systems Integration and Management center
+FEFO First-Ended, First-Out
+FEHQ Fluke European HeadQuarters
+FEL Free Electron Laser
+FEM Finite Element Modeling
+FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
+FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
+FEMA the Federal Emergency Management Agency
+FEMF Foreign EMF
+FEMF Foreign Electro-Motive Force
+FEMS Federation of European Microbiological Societies
+FEP Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene
+FEP Front End Processor
+FEPC Fair Employment Practices Commission
+FEPG Federal Engineering Planning Group
+FEPS Facility and Equipment Planning System
+FER Fusion Experimental Reactor
+FER Fusion Experimental Reactor
+FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
+FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
+FERC the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
+FERF Far End Recive Failure
+FERMI Formalisation and Experimentation on the Retrieval of Multimedia Information
+FERS Federal Employees Retirement System
+FESDK Far East Software Development Kit
+FET Far East Trading
+FET Federal Excise Tax
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+FICORCA Fiji Island Commission on Oriental Rats and Caucasian Ants
+FIDO FInite DOmains. A constraint language implemented on top of Prolog.
+FIDO Fog Investigation Dispersal Operation
+FIDO Fuck It, Drive On.
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+FIFA Federation of Internation Football Associations
+FIFA Federation of International Football Associations
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+FIFO First-In-First-Out
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+FIGMO Fuck It, Got My Orders
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+FILO First-In, Last-Out
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+FIMR Finnish Institute of Marine Research
+FIMS Forms Interface Management System
+FIN Field Information Notice
+FIN Finland
+FINE FINE Is Not Emacs
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+FISH First In Still here
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+FIT Federal Information Technologies, inc.
+FIT Institute for Applied Information Technology
+FIT Factor Intervention Trial
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+FLIR Forward Looking Infrared Radar
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+FLL FoxPro Link Library
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+FLOPS Floating Point Operations Per Second
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+FM fax machine
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+FMC Ford Motor Co.
+FMCG Fast Moving Consumer Goods
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+FMLN Frente Farabundo Marti de Liberacion Nacional
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+FOCUS Forum of Control Data Users
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+FOGFEST Fat Old Greyheaded Farts Engineering Society for Tippling
+FOGGER Fat Old Greyheaded Grouchy Eccentric Redneck
+FOGLET Fat Old Greyheaded Lunatic Engineer of Tomorrow
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+FOIL First, Outside, Inside, Last
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+FOMC Federal Open Market Committee
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+FONSI Finding of No Significant Impact
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+FOO.BAR See FUBAR
+FOOBAR FTP Operation Over Big Address Records
+FOOBAR See FUBAR
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+FORD Fix Or Repair Daily
+FORD Found On Road Dead
+FORD Fucked Over, Rebuilt Dodge
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+FTPd File Transfer Protocol Daemon
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+FUBIS Fuck yoU Buddy, I'm Short
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+GED General Equivalency Diploma
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+GEMBITS Generic Electro Mechanical Burn In Test System
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+GJIAGDVYFCN Go Jump In a God Damned Volcano, You Fucking Cave Newt
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+GMA the Grocery Manufacturers of America
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+GNU Gnu is not Unix
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+GOD Guaranteed Overnight Delivery
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+GOMER Get Out of My Emergency Room
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+GPL GNU Public License
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+GRB Gamma Ray Burster
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+GSM Groupe Speciale Mobile
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+GUIDE Graphical User Interface Design Editor
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+GURPS Generic Universal Role Playing System
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+HBJ Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
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+HCA Hospital Corp. of America
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+HCFA the Health Care Finance Administration
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+HCR Hodge Computer Research, inc.
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+HDI Harley-Davidson Inc
+HDI Harley-Davidson Inc.
+HDI Harley-Davidson Incorporated
+HDI Head to Disk Interference
+HDI High Definition Interlaced
+HDL High Density Lipoprotein
+HDLC High-level Data Link Control
+HDLCM High Density Line Conditioning Module
+HDP High Defition Progressive
+HDPE High Density Polyethylene
+HDQ High Definition Quincunx
+HDR Header
+HDSC High Density Signal Carrier
+HDSL High-rate Digital Subscriber Link
+HDTV High Definition Television
+HDTV high-definition television
+HDW Hardware
+HDWDM High Density Wavelength-Division Multiplexing
+HDX Half DupleX
+HE His Eminence
+HE His Excellency
+HEAO High Energy Astronomical Observatory
+HEAP High Explosive Armour Piercing
+HEAP Home Energy Assistance Program
+HEAT High Explosive Anti Tank
+HEC Header Error Check
+HEDIS Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set
+HEDM High Energy-Density Matter
+HEHO High End Hop Off
+HEL HELsinki international airport
+HEM High-level Entity Management
+HEMP Help End Marijuana Prohibition
+HEMS High-level Entity Management System
+HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistor
+HENNA Home Executives National Networking Association
+HENSA Higher Education National Software Archive
+HENSA Higher Education National Software Archives
+HEO High Earth Orbit
+HEP High Energy Physics
+HEPNET High Energy Physics network
+HERA HErmes Robotic Arm
+HERC Hercules
+HERO Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance
+HETLA Highly Extended Three Letter Acronym
+HETP High Energy Theoretical Physics
+HEX Hexadecimal
+HF Hawthorne Farms
+HF High Fantasy
+HF High Frequency
+HFC Hybrid Fibre Coax
+HFE Human Factors Engineering
+HFR High Flux Reactor
+HFR High Flux Reactor
+HFR How Fucking Rude
+HFS Hierarchical File System
+HFT High Function Terminal
+HG Mercury
+HG Harvard Graduate
+HG the Harvard Graduate
+HGA Hercules Graphics Adapter
+HGA High Gain Antenna
+HGCP Hercules Graphics Card Plus
+HGML Hypertext General Markup Language
+HH Hour
+HHES Housing and Household Economic Statistics
+HHGTTG The Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy
+HHS Health and Human Services
+HHS US Department of Health and Human Services
+HHS Health and Human Services
+HI Hawaii
+HI Hedge Inc.
+HI Hedge Inc.
+HIA Health Insurance Associate
+HIAA Health Insurance Association of America
+HIAA Health Insurance Association of America
+HIAA The Health Insurance Association of America
+HIBS Heavy Ion Beam Spectrometry
+HIBT Have I Been Trolled?
+HIC Hybrid Integrated Circuit
+HIFD High-Density Floppy Disk
+HIFO Highest-In, First-Out
+HIIPS Hud Integrated Information Processing Services
+HIL Human Interface Link
+HIPPARCOS HIgh Precision Position and PARallax
+HIPPI High Performance Parallel Interface
+HIRES HI-RESolution
+HIRLAM HIgh-Resolution Limited Area Model
+HIROS Hitachi Industrial Realtime Operating System
+HIS Honeywell Information System
+HISS Hospital Information Support System
+HIV Human Immuno-deficiency Virus
+HIV human immunodeficiency virus
+HJK Helsingin JalkapalloKlubi
+HK Hong Kong
+HK Hong Kong
+HK Hong Kong-based
+HKG Hong Kong
+HKI HelsinKI
+HLA Human Leukocyte Antigen
+HLAN Huge Local Area Network
+HLB Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance
+HLC Heavy Lift Capability
+HLCO High Low Close Open
+HLCO High-Low-Close-Open
+HLCO high-low-close-open
+HLHSR Hidden Line & Hidden Surface Removal
+HLL High Level Language
+HLL High-Level Language
+HLLAPI High Level Language Application Programming Interface
+HLLW High Level Liquid Wastes
+HLLW High Level Liquid Wastes
+HLQ High Level Qualifier
+HLR Home Location Register
+HLS Hue, Luminance, Saturation
+HLS Hue-Lightness-Saturation
+HLT Halt
+HLV Heavy Lift Vehicle
+HLW High Level Wastes
+HLW High Level Wastes
+HLW high level waste
+HLW high level waste
+HM Heard And Mc Donald Islands
+HM High-resolution Monochrome
+HM Homestake Mining
+HM Homestake Mining
+HMA High Memory Area
+HMA Hub Management Architecture
+HMC Halley Multicolor Camera
+HMD Head Mounted Device
+HMD Heard And Mc Donald Islands
+HMFIC Head Mother Fucker in Charge
+HMM Hidden Markov Model
+HMMWV High Mobility Multi-Wheeled Vehicle
+HMMWV High Mobility Multi-purpose Wheeled Vehicle
+HMMWV Highly Mobile Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle
+HMO Health Maintenance Organization
+HMOS High Density Metal Oxide Semiconductor
+HMOS High Speed Metal Oxide Semiconductor
+HMOS High performance Metal Oxide Semiconductor
+HMP Host Monitoring Protocol
+HMS Her Majesty's Ship
+HMS His Majesty's Ship
+HMS Holonic Manufacturing Systems
+HMSO Her Majesty's Stationery Office
+HMT Her Majesty's Transport
+HMT His Majesty's Transport
+HMV His Master's Voice
+HN Honduras
+HND Honduras
+HNG Horny net.geek
+HNPA Home Numbering Plan Area
+HNS Hospitality Network Service
+HOBIC HOtel Billing Information Center
+HOBIS HOtel Billing Information System
+HOE Holographic Optical Element
+HOG Harley Owners Group
+HOL High-Order System
+HOL Higher-Order Logic
+HOLD Honest Open Logical Debate
+HOLIDAY Halliburton On-Line Information Discovery and Access sYstem
+HOM Hall Of Mirrors
+HORNY Heart Of Romantic NY
+HOTAS Hands On Throttle And Stick
+HOTOL HOrizontal Take-Off and Landing
+HOV High Occupancy Vehicle
+HOW Home Owners Warranty
+HP Hewlett Packard Inc.
+HP Hewlett Packard, Inc.
+HP Hewlett-Packard
+HP Hewlett-Packard
+HP High Pressure
+HP Higher Power
+HP Hit Points
+HP HorsePower
+HP Hewlett-Packard
+HP/A Hewlett-Packard/Apollo
+HPCC High Performance Computing and Communications
+HPD High Performance Division
+HPDJ Hewlett-Packard Desk Jet
+HPEL Horn Point Environmental Laboratory
+HPFS High-Performance File System
+HPFTP High Pressure Fuel Turbopump
+HPG Hewlett-Packard Graphics
+HPGE High Purity Germanium
+HPGL Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language
+HPIB Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus
+HPL/T High-Productivity Languages/Tools
+HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
+HPLJ Hewlett-Packard Laser Jet
+HPLT High-Productivity Languages/Tools
+HPMC high pressure mini-column
+HPMC high pressure mini-column
+HPN White Plains NY
+HPO High Performance Option
+HPOTP High Pressure Oxidizer Turbopump
+HPPA HP Precision Architecture
+HPPA Hewlett-Packard Precision Architecture
+HPPI High Performance Parallel Interface
+HPR High Power Rocketry
+HPS HiPerformance Systems Limited
+HPW High Performance Workstation
+HQ HeadQuarters
+HR Croatia
+HR Hertzsprung-Russell
+HR Hierarchical Radiosity
+HR House of Representatives
+HR Human Resources
+HRB H&R Block Inc
+HRB H&R Block, Inc
+HREM high-resolution electron microscopy
+HREM high-resolution electron microscopy
+HRG High Resolution Graphics
+HRH Her Royal Highness
+HRH His Royal Highness
+HRI High Resolution Imager
+HRIS Human Resource Information System
+HRM human-resource-management
+HRMS Human Resource Management System
+HRV Croatia
+HS High School
+HS High Speed
+HS Home System
+HSB Hue, Saturation, Brightness
+HSC Hierarchical Storage Controller
+HSC High Speed Channel
+HSE Helsinki School Of Economics
+HSFS High Sierra File System
+HSI High Speed Interface
+HSI Horizontal Situation Indicator
+HSLN High Speed Local Network
+HSM Hierarchical Storage Management
+HSM Hierarchical Storage Manager
+HSP High Speed Photometer
+HSP High Speed Printer
+HSR Health Services Research
+HSSDS High-Speed Switched Digital Service
+HSSI High Speed Serial Interface
+HST Hawaiian Standard Time
+HST High Speed Technology
+HST Hubble Space Telescope
+HST HyperSonic Transport
+HSV Hue Saturation Value
+HSV Hue-Saturation-Value
+HT Haiti
+HT High Tension
+HT Horizontal Tab
+HTH Hand-to-hand
+HTH Hope That Helps
+HTH hand-to-hand combat
+HTI Haiti
+HTK Hits To Kill
+HTML HyperText Markup Language
+HTSG He, Torrance, Sillion, and Greenberg
+HTTL High Transistor-Transistor Logic
+HTTL Highspeed Transistor-Transistor Logic
+HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
+HTTPD HyperText Transfer Protocol Daemon
+HU High Usage
+HU Hungary
+HUAC House Unamerican Activities Committee
+HUD Heads Up Display
+HUD Housing and Urban Development
+HUD heads-up-display
+HUGE Hewlett-packard Unsupported Gnu Emacs
+HUN Hungary
+HUPD Harvard University Police Department
+HUT Helsinki University of Technology
+HUT Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope
+HUTG High Usage Trunk Group
+HV High Voltage
+HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
+HVP Horizontal & Vertical Position
+HW2000 Highway 2000
+HWCP Hardware Code Page
+HWD Hayward CA
+HWD Height-Width-Depth
+HWM High-Water Mark
+HYTIME HYpermedia and TIME-based
+HYTIME Hypertext and time-based
+HZ HertZ
+HiMARS High Mobility Artillery Rocket System
+HoTMetaL Interactive editor for HTML files
+HyVIS Hypermedia and Visual Information Systems
+I Council to Outlaw Contrived and Outrageous Acronyms
+I-4 International Information Integrity Institute
+I-D Internet-Draft
+I.E.P. Industrial Equity ( Pacific )
+I.M. International Monetary
+I.N.D. investigational new drug
+I/F Interface
+I/G individual/group
+I/O Input/Output
+I/O Input/Output
+I/O input-output
+I/O input/output
+I/S inventory-to-shipments
+I18N InternationalizatioN
+IA Inspection Authorization
+IAB Interactive Application Builder
+IAB Internet Activities Board
+IAB Internet Architecture Board
+IABC International Association of Business Communicators
+IABS I Am Being Sarcastic
+IAC Interapplication Communication
+IACP International Association of Chiefs of Police
+IACR Irish Association for Cancer Research
+IACT International Association of Counselors and Therapists
+IAD Dulles International, Washington DC
+IADB Inter-American Development Bank
+IADR International Association for Dental Research
+IAE In Any event
+IAE International Art Exchange
+IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
+IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency
+IAESTE I Am Exchanging Students To Everywhere
+IAESTE International Association for the Exchange of Students for Technical Experience
+IAFA Internet Anonymous FTP Archives
+IAFC International Association of Fire Chiefs
+IAFE International Association of Fairs and Exhibitions
+IAFP International Association of Financial Planners
+IAFP International Association of Financial Planners
+IAFP International Association of Financial Planners
+IAFP the International Association of Financial Planners
+IAGSDC International Association of Gay Square Dance Clubs
+IAH Houston TX
+IAL International Algebraic Language
+IAML International Association of Music Libraries
+IAN Innovations and notions incorporated
+IAN Innoviations And Notions
+IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
+IANAL I Am Not A Lawyer
+IANALB I am not a lawyer but
+IAPPP International Amateur/Professional Photoelectric Photometry
+IAPSO International Association of the Physical Sciences of the Ocean
+IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer
+IARU International Amateur Radio Union
+IASCA International Auto Sound Challenge Association
+IAT Import Address Table
+IATA International Air Transport Association
+IATA International Air Transport Association
+IATA the International Air Transport Association
+IAU International Astronomical Union
+IAUC IAU Circular
+IAVQ Image Adaptive Vector Quantization
+IB Instruction Buffer
+IBC Instrument Bus Computer
+IBEW International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
+IBEW International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
+IBI I Believe It
+IBIS Interactive Body/mind Information System
+IBJ Industrial Bank of Japan
+IBM I'd Buy Macintosh
+IBM I've Been Moved
+IBM Ingrained Batch Mentality
+IBM International Business Machines Corp.
+IBM International Brotherhood of Magicians
+IBM International Business Machines
+IBM International Business Machines Inc.
+IBM International Business Machines, Inc.
+IBM It's better Manually
+IBM Itty Bitty Machines
+IBM-GL IBM Graphics Language
+IBMA International Bluegrass Music Association
+IBMM International Bluegrass Music Museum
+IBN Integrated Business Network
+IBR It's Been Real
+IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
+IBRU International Boundaries Research Unit
+IBS Institute for Brewing Studies
+IBS International Business School
+IBSA International Bible Student's Association
+IBSA International Bible Students Association
+IBT Illinois Bell Telephone
+IBT International Brotherhood of Teamsters
+IBT International Brotherhood of Teamsters
+IBT the International Brotherhood of Teamsters
+IC Independent Carrier
+IC Input Circuit
+IC Integrated Circuit
+IC Inter-LATA Carrier
+IC Interexchange Carrier
+IC Interrupt Controller
+IC Ion chromatography
+IC Ion chromatography
+IC information-center
+IC instant-C
+IC integrated-circuit
+IC Illinois Central
+IC Issues Corporate
+ICA International Coffee Agreement
+ICA Intra-application Communications Area
+ICA international coffee agreement
+ICADD International Committee for Accessible Document Design
+ICALP International Conference on Automata, Languages, and Programming
+ICAN Individual Circuit ANalysis
+ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
+ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
+ICAO The International Civil Aviation Organization
+ICARO Italian Computer Antivirus Research Organization
+ICAS Intel Communicating Applications Specifications
+ICB Interstate Computer Bank
+ICBM InterContinental Ballistic Missile
+ICBM InterContinental Ballistic Missle
+ICBVI Idaho Commission for the Blind and Visually Impaired
+ICBW I Could Be Wrong
+ICC Interstate Commerce Commission
+ICC Interstate Commerce Commission
+ICCC Inter-Client Communication Convention
+ICCCM Inter-Client Communication Conventions Manual
+ICCP Institute for the Certification of Computer Professionals
+ICD Interactive Call Distribution
+ICD International Code Designator
+ICE Illinois Computing Educators
+ICE In-Circuit Emulator
+ICE Insane Creator's Enterprises
+ICE Interactive Collaborative Environment
+ICE Internal Combustion Engine
+ICE International Cometary Explorer
+ICE Intrusion Countermeasures Electronics
+ICF inertial confinement fusion
+ICF inertial confinement fusion
+ICG Information Consulting Group
+ICG Information Consulting Group
+ICGA International Conference on Genetic Algorithms
+ICGC Inventors Connection of Greater Cleveland
+ICGC Inventors Connection of Greater Cleveland Inc.
+ICI Imperial Chemical Industries
+ICI Imperial Chemical Industries
+ICJ International Court of Justice
+ICL Interface Clear
+ICL International Computers Limited
+ICL International Computers Ltd.
+ICLID Individual Calling Line ID
+ICM Integrated Call Management
+ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
+ICN intestinal crypt number
+ICN intestinal crypt number
+ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites
+ICON Inter CONtinental
+ICP Integrated Channel Processor
+ICP Inventory Control Points
+ICPMS Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer
+ICPSR Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research
+ICR Intelligent Character Recognition
+ICRC International Cosmic Ray Conference
+ICRP International Commission on Radiological Protection
+ICS International Classification for Standards
+ICS Intuitive Command Structure
+ICSC Inter-LATA Customer Service Center
+ICSI International Computer Science Institute
+ICST Institute for Computer Science and Technology
+ICT In-Circuit Test
+ICT Interactive Consumer Terminal
+ICTP International Centre for Theoretical Physics
+ICTYBIWCYTF I Could Tell You But I Would Claim You Talked First
+ICTYBIWCYTF I Could Tell You But It Would Cause You To Faint
+ICTYBTIWHTKY I Could Tell You But Then I Would Have To Kill You
+ICUFOR International Committee for UFO Research
+ICUMSA International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis
+ICWS International CoreWar Society
+ID IDentification
+ID Idaho
+ID Identifier
+ID Indonesia
+IDA Industrial Development Authority
+IDA Integrated Digital Access
+IDA Intelligent Disk Array
+IDA Intelligent Drive Array
+IDA Intercommunication Data Areas
+IDA International Dark-sky Association
+IDA International Development Association
+IDA International Development Association
+IDAPI Integrated Database Application Programming Interface
+IDC Insulation Displacement Contact
+IDDD International Direct Distance Dial
+IDDG Intellectually Drop Dead Gorgeous
+IDE Imbedded Drive Electronics
+IDE Integrated Development Environment
+IDE Integrated Drive Electronics
+IDE Intelligent Drive Electronics
+IDE Interactive Design and Engineering
+IDE Interactive Development Environments inc
+IDE Interactive Development Environments, inc
+IDE Interface Design Enhancement
+IDE Interplanetary Dust Experiment
+IDEA International Dance Exercise Association
+IDEA International Data Encryption Algorithm
+IDEA Internet Design, Engineering, and Analysis notes
+IDEAS I Don't Ever 'Ave Some
+IDEF Integration DEfinition for Function modeling
+IDF Intermediate Distributing Frame
+IDF Intermediate Distribution Frame
+IDF Israel Defense Forces
+IDI Information Dimensions Inc
+IDI Initial Domain Identifier
+IDI Initial Domain Part
+IDIC Infinite Diversity in Infinite Combinations
+IDIQ Indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quanity
+IDIV Integer Divide
+IDL Interactive Data Language
+IDL Interface Description Language
+IDM Image Data Manager
+IDMS Integrated Data Base Management System
+IDN Indonesia
+IDNX Integrated Digital Network eXchange
+IDP Initial Domain Part
+IDP Integrated Data Processing
+IDP Internet Datagram Protocol
+IDRC International Development Research Center
+IDRC International Development Research Centre
+IDRP Inter-Domain Routing Protocol
+IDS Interactively Displayed Structures
+IDS Internal Directory System
+IDS interest on debt securities
+IDSA Industrial Designers Society of America
+IDT Interrupt Descriptor Table
+IDV Interlibrational Derived Vehicle
+IDVC Integrated Data/Voice Channel
+IE Id Est
+IE Indo-European
+IE Inter Ethernet
+IE Ireland
+IEA International Energy Agency
+IEC Inter-Exchange Carrier
+IEC InterExchange Carrier
+IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
+IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
+IEE Institute of Electrical Engineers
+IEE Institution of Electrical Engineers
+IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
+IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
+IEF Information Engineering Facility
+IEMSI Identification
+IEMSI Interactive Electronic Mail Standard
+IEMT Intermediate Emergency Medical Technician
+IEN Internet Engineering Notes
+IEN Internet Experiment Notebook
+IESG Internet Engineering Steering Group
+IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
+IETM Interactive Electronic Technical Manual
+IF InterFace
+IF Intermediate Frequency
+IFA International Franchise Association
+IFA International Franchise Association
+IFA The International Franchise Association
+IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
+IFAR International Foundation for Art Research
+IFAR International Foundation for Art Research
+IFB Invitation For Bids
+IFC International Finance Corp.
+IFC International Finance Corporation
+IFC International Freighting Corporation
+IFC International Finance Corp.
+IFC the International Finance Corp.
+IFD Image File Directory
+IFF Identification - Friend or Foe
+IFF Image File Format
+IFF Interchange File Format
+IFF Iterative Function Fractal
+IFG Incoming Fax Gateway
+IFI Istituto Finanziario Industriale
+IFI Istituto Finanziario Industriale
+IFIP International Federation for Information Processing
+IFK Idrot Frening Kamraterna
+IFK Idrott- och FritidsKlubb
+IFLA International Federation of Library Associations
+IFLRY International Federation of Liberal and Radical Youth
+IFN Interferon
+IFO indirect funding of
+IFPS International Federation of Palynological Societies
+IFR Instrument Flight Rules
+IFRB International Frequency Registration Board
+IFREMER Institut FRancais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER
+IFRPS Intercity Facility Relief Planning System
+IFS Installable File System
+IFSAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
+IFV I'm Fully Vested
+IGA Integrated Graphics Array
+IGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
+IGC Institute for Global Communications
+IGC Integrated Graphics Controller
+IGD Integrated Genomic Database
+IGDS Interactive Graphics Design Software
+IGES Initial Graphics Exchange Specification
+IGL Index-Guided Laser
+IGM InterGalactic Medium
+IGMP Internet Group Multicast Protocol
+IGNN I Got No Name
+IGP Interior Gateway Protocol
+IGR Insect Growth Regulator
+IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
+IGY International Geophysical Year
+IHK Industrie- und Handelskammer
+IHMO In Hy Mumble Opinion
+IHOP International House of Pancakes
+IHP Indicated HorsePower
+IHS Integrated Hospital Support
+IHS Iowa Herpetological Society
+IHTFP I Hate This Fucking Place
+IHTFP I Have Truly Found Paradise
+IHTFP I Help Teach Freshman Physics
+IHTFP Institute Has The Finest Professors
+IHTFP It's Hard To Fondle Penguins
+II Industries Inc
+IIA Information Industry Association
+IIASA International Institute For Applied Systems Analysis
+IIBC International Institute of Biological Control
+IID Imperial Irrigation District
+IID Imperial Irrigation District
+IIE Institute of Industrial Engineers
+IIED Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress
+IIF Immediate IF
+IIHF International Ice Hockey Federation
+III Innovative Interfaces Inc
+IIL Integrated Injection Logic
+IIMA Irish Interactive Multimedia Association
+IIN Integrated Information Network
+IINREN Interagency Interim National Research and Education Network
+IIR Immediate Impulse Response
+IIR Infinite Impulse Response
+IIRC If I Recall Correctly
+IIS Internet Interface Systems
+IISPB Image and Information Standards Policy Board
+IIT Indian Institute of Technology
+IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
+IK Inverse Kinematics
+IKS International Kodaly Society
+IL Israel
+IL ionization losses
+IL ionization losses
+ILA International Longshoremen 's Association
+ILBM Interleaved bitmap
+ILGARD Institute For Local Governmant And Rural Development
+ILGWU International Ladies Garment Workers Union
+ILL Inter Library Loan
+ILMI Interim Local Management Interface
+ILO International Labor Organization
+ILP Inductive Logic Programming
+ILS Instrument Landing System
+ILU I Love U
+ILV Industrial Launch Vehicle
+ILY I Love You
+IM Inside Macintosh
+IM Installation & Maintenance
+IM Interface Module
+IMAP Interactive Mail Access Protocol
+IMAP3 Interactive Mail Access Protocol - Version 3
+IMAS Integrated Mass Announcement System
+IMC Instrument Meteorological Contitions
+IMC Internal Model Control
+IMCO In My Considered Opinion
+IMD Industry Marketing Development
+IMDS Image Data Stream
+IMDS Image Data Stream format
+IMF Institut Merieux of France
+IMF International Monetary Fund
+IMF International Monetary Fund
+IMF the International Monetary Fund
+IMG Image
+IMHO In My Humble Opinion
+IMM Input Message Manual
+IMMEX Interactive Multi-Media EXercises
+IMMEX Interactive MultiMedia EXercises
+IMNHO In My Not Humble Opinion
+IMNSHO In My Not-So-Humble Opinion
+IMO In My Opinion
+IMO International Maritime Organization
+IMO International Meteor Organisation
+IMP Interface Message Processor
+IMPA Intelligent Multi-Port Adapter
+IMPACT Inventory Management Program and Control Technique
+IMR Internet Monthly Report
+IMS Information Management System
+IMS Integrated Management System
+IMS Intermediate Maintenance Standards
+IMS International Measurement System
+IMSA Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
+IMSA International Motor Sports Association
+IMSL International Mathematical Subroutine Library
+IMSO Integrated Micro Systems Operation
+IMSVS Information Management System/Virtual Storage
+IMT Image Management Terminal
+IMT Inter-Machine Trunk
+IMTS Improved Mobile Telephone Service
+IMTV Interactive Multimedia Television
+IMUL Integer Multiply
+IMVHAWISHIMVVVHO In My Very Humble
+IMVHO In My Very Humble Opinion
+IN India
+IN Indiana
+IN Input
+IN Intelligent Network
+IN-SITU In Place
+INADS INitialization and ADministration System
+INC Increment
+INC InterNational Carrier
+IND India
+IND investigational new drug
+IND investigational new drug
+IND investigational new drug
+INET93 International Networking Conference 1993
+INFORMS Institute For Operations Research and Management Science
+INGRES Interactive Graphic Retrieval System
+INIT Initialize
+INL Inter Node Link
+INM Integrated Network Management
+INMARSAT INternational MARitime SATellite
+INMARSAT INternational MARitime SATellite organisation
+INMARSAT INternational MARitime SATellite organization
+INN Inter Node Network
+INOC Internet Network Operations Center
+INRA Iesus Nazerenus Rex Iudaeorum
+INRECA INduction and REasoning from CAses
+INREQ INformation REQuest
+INRI Iesus Nazerenus Rex Iudaeorum
+INRIA Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique
+INS Immigration and Naturalization Service
+INS Inertial Navigation System
+INS Information Network System
+INS Input String
+INS U.S. Dept. of Immigration and Naturalizaton
+INS is not supported
+INSEE Institut National de la Statistique et des etudes economiques
+INSTITUTE INSTITUTE's Name Shows That It's Totally Unrelated To EMACS
+INT Integer
+INT Internal
+INT International
+INT Interrupt
+INTA Interrupt Acknowledge
+INTAP INteroperability Technology Association for information Processing
+INTEL Integrated Electronics
+INTELSAT INternational TELecommunications SATellite consortium
+INTERCAL Compiler Language With No Pronounceable Acronym
+INTO Interrupt if Overflow occurs
+INWATS INward Wide Area Telephone Service
+IO British Indian Ocean Territory
+IO Input/Output
+IO Inward Operator
+IOC Input/Output Computer
+IOC Input/Output Controller
+IOC International Olympic Committee
+IOC International Olympics Committee
+IOC International Operating Center
+IOC intercell ohmic contact
+IOC intercell ohmic contact
+IOC International Olympic Committee
+IOC the International Olympic Committee
+IOCC International Overseas Completion Center
+IOCCC International obfuscated c code contest
+IOCD Institute of Corporate Directors
+IOCS Input/Output Control System
+IOCTL Input/Output Control
+IOD Identified Outward Dialing
+IOH Integrated Open Hypermedia
+IOLS Integrated Online Library System
+IOLS Integrated Online Library Systems
+IONL Internal Organization of the Network Layer
+IOOF International Order of Odd Fellows
+IOP Input-Output Processor
+IOPI International Organization for Plant Information
+IOPL Input/Output Priviledge Level
+IOS Investors Overseas Services
+IOS Investors Overseas Services
+IOSGA Input/Output Support Gate Array
+IOT British Indian Ocean Territory
+IOT InterOffice Trunk
+IOTA Infrared-Optical Telescope Array
+IOTA International Occultation Timing Association
+IOU I Owe you
+IOU I owe u
+IOW In Other Words
+IP Industrial Products
+IP Information Provider
+IP Innings Pitched
+IP Instruction Pointer
+IP Intermediate Point
+IP Internet Protocol
+IPC Instructions Per Clock
+IPC Integrated Personal Computer
+IPC Inter-Process Communication
+IPC InterProcess Communication
+IPC Inventory Process Control
+IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
+IPCE InterProcess Communication Environment
+IPCP IP Control Protocol
+IPCP Internet Protocol Control Protocol
+IPCS Interactive Problem Control System
+IPDE Iowa Patrol of Dental Executives
+IPDMUG International Product Data Management Users Group
+IPDS Intelligent Printer Data Stream
+IPDU Internet Protocol Data Unit
+IPE Integrated Programming Environment
+IPEMS Integrated Production Engineering Management System
+IPF Information Presentation Facility
+IPF Internal Picket Fence
+IPF Internal Picket Fence
+IPI Initial Protocol Identifier
+IPI Intelligent Peripheral Interface
+IPL Information Programming Language
+IPL Initial Program Load
+IPL Initial Program Loader
+IPL Ion Projection Lithography
+IPL initial program load
+IPL initial program load
+IPLAN Integrated PLanning And Analysis
+IPM Impulses Per Minute
+IPM Interpersonal Message
+IPM Interruptions Per Minute
+IPMS InterPersonal Message Services
+IPNG Internet Protocol, the Next Generation
+IPNS Intense Pulsed Neutron Source
+IPNS Intense Pulsed Neutron Source
+IPO Initial Public Offering
+IPO International Procurement Office
+IPO initial public offering
+IPO initial public offerings
+IPO initial public offering
+IPPE International Philosophical Preprint Exchange
+IPS Inches Per Second
+IPS Inertial Pointing System
+IPS Information Processing Standards
+IPS International Paperweight Society
+IPSE Integrated Project Support Environment
+IPSE Integrated Project-Support Environment
+IPSI Institute for Integrated Publication and Information Systems
+IPSP Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential
+IPT Williamsport PA
+IPTAY I Pay Ten A Year
+IPV4 Internet Protocol Version 4
+IPV4 Internet Protocols Version 4
+IPX Internetwork Packet Exchange
+IPng Internet Protocol, next generation
+IQ Intelligence Quotient
+IQ Iraq
+IQL Interactive Query Language
+IQR Inquiry
+IR Index Register
+IR Information Resource
+IR InfraRed
+IR Intermediate Representation
+IR Internet Registry
+IR Internetwork Router
+IR Iran
+IRA Individual Retirement Account
+IRA Individual Retirement Accounts
+IRA Interprocedural Register Allocation
+IRA Irish Republican Army
+IRA individual retirement account
+IRA individual retirement accounts
+IRA individual-retirement-account
+IRA individual retirement account
+IRAF Image Reduction and Analysis Facility
+IRAS InfraRed Astronomical Satellite
+IRBM Intelligent Repeater Bridge Module
+IRBM Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile
+IRC International Record Carrier
+IRC Internet Relay Chat
+IRCAM Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique
+IRD Investment Recovery Department
+IRDS Information Resource Dictionary System
+IRDS InfraRed Detection Set
+IRE Institute of Radio Engineers
+IRET Interrupt Return
+IRF International Road Federation
+IRG InterRecord Gap
+IRGB Intensity-Red-Green-Blue
+IRI Institutio Ricostruzioni Industriali
+IRI international relations institute
+IRI international relations institute
+IRI Institutio Ricostruzioni Industriali
+IRIG Inter-Range Instrumentation Group
+IRL Inter-Repeater Link
+IRL Interactive Reader Language
+IRL Ireland
+IRLED Infrared Light Emitting Diode
+IRM Information Resource Management
+IRM Information Resources Management
+IRM Intelligent Repeater Module
+IRMS Information Resources Management Service
+IRN Intermediate Routing Node
+IRN Iran
+IRNA Islamic Republic News Agency
+IRNA Islamic Republic News Agency
+IRNA Islamic Republic News Agency
+IROR Internal Rate Of Return
+IRQ Interrupt Request
+IRQ Iraq
+IRS Inertial Reference System
+IRS Internal Revenue Service
+IRS Internal Revenue Service
+IRS The Internal Revenue Service
+IRSG Internet Research Steering Group
+IRTF Internet Research Task Force
+IRX Information Retrieval Experiment
+IS Iceland
+IS Information Separator
+IS Information System
+IS Information Systems
+IS Information-systems
+IS Intermediate System
+IS International Standard
+IS Interrupt Set
+IS Interrupt Status
+IS information-system
+IS information-systems
+IS-IS Intermediate System-Intermediate System
+IS-IS intermediate-System-to-Intermediate-System
+ISA Industry Standard Architecture
+ISA Industry-Standard Architecture
+ISA Institute for Application-Oriented Software and Systems
+ISA Institute for Application-Oriented Software and Systems Technology
+ISAM Indexed Sequential Access Method
+ISAM Indexed Sequential-Access Management
+ISAS Institute of Space and Astronautical Science
+ISAT Internal System Acceptance Testing
+ISBD International Bibliographic Description
+ISBN International Standard Book Number - Gives an uniq identification of every published bookhed book
+ISC Information Services Center
+ISC Instruction Set Computer
+ISC Interactive Systems Corporation
+ISC International Signal & Control
+ISC International Switching Center
+ISC International Signal & Control
+ISCH Interstitial-Cell-Stimulating Hormone
+ISD Image Section Descriptor
+ISD Instructional Systems Design
+ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
+ISDN Intergrated Services Digital Nertwork
+ISDT Integrated Systems Development Tool
+ISEE International Sun Earth Explorer
+ISEELS Inner Shell Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
+ISEP International Society for Evolutionary Protistology
+ISES International Solar Energy Society
+ISF Information Systems Factory
+ISFM Institute of Science and Forensic Medicine
+ISFUG Integrated Software Federal User Group
+ISG IETF Steering Group
+ISH Intermediate System Hello
+ISI ISI Systems Inc.
+ISI Information Sciences Institute
+ISI Internally Specified Index
+ISIS Integrated Systems and Information Services
+ISIS Intermediate System to Intermediate System
+ISL Iceland
+ISL Interactive System Language
+ISLM Integrated Services Line Module
+ISLSCP International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project
+ISLU Integrated Services Line Unit
+ISM InterStellar Medium
+ISMA International Securities Market Association
+ISMF Interactive Storage Management Facility
+ISN Information Systems Network
+ISN Integrated Systems Network
+ISNA Islamic Society of North America
+ISO Imperial Service Order
+ISO In Search Of
+ISO Infrared Space Observatory
+ISO Insurance Services Office
+ISO International Standards Organization
+ISO Insurance Services Office
+ISO the Insurance Services Office
+ISO/OSI Interconnection
+ISO/OSI International Standards Organization/Open Systems
+ISOC Internet Society
+ISODE ISO Development Environment
+ISOO Information Security Oversight Office
+ISOP Incentive Stock Option Plan
+ISP Internet Service Provider
+ISP Interrupt Stack Pointer
+ISP Interrupt Status Port
+ISPF Interactive System Programming Facility
+ISPG Institute of Sedimentary and Petroleum Geology
+ISPM International Solar Polar Mission
+ISR Information Storage and Retrieval
+ISR Institute of Snow Research
+ISR Interrupt Service Routine
+ISR Israel
+ISRG Independent Space Research Group
+ISRO Indian Space Research Organization
+ISS Integrated Switching System
+ISSA International Space Station Alpha
+ISSC Integrated Systems Solutions Corporation
+ISSI Information Security Systems Inc.
+ISSN Integrated Special Services Network
+ISSN International Standard Serial Number
+IST Initial System Test
+ISTAC International Institute of ISlamic Thought And Civilisation
+ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Effeciency Act
+ISTR I Seem To Recall or I Seem To Remember
+ISUP Integrated Services User Part
+ISV Independent Software Vendor
+ISV Instantaneous Speed Variation
+ISWS Illinois State Water Survey
+ISWS Illinois State Water Survey
+ISY International Space Year
+IT Industrial Technology
+IT Information Technology
+IT Italy
+IT information-technology
+ITA Initial Teaching Alphabet
+ITA International TeleNursing Association
+ITA Italy
+ITAR International Traffic in Arms Regulations
+ITB Information Technology Branch
+ITB Intermediate Text Block
+ITC Independent Telephone Company
+ITC Inter-Task Communication
+ITC International Trade Commission
+ITC International Typeface Corporation
+ITC International Trade Commission
+ITCL incr tcl
+ITER International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
+ITER International Tokamak Experimental Reactor
+ITESM Instituto Tecnologico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey
+ITESM Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey
+ITEX Interactive TTCN Editor and Executor
+ITEX-DE Interactive TTCN Editor and Executor Development Environment
+ITF International Taekwondo Federation
+ITFS Instructional Television Fixed Service
+ITG International Trading Group
+ITG International Trading Group
+ITIL IT Infrastructure Library
+ITIL Information Technology Infrastructure Library
+ITM In The Mean-time
+ITM Information Technology Management
+ITO International Trade Organization
+ITO International Trade Organization
+ITRON Industrial TRON
+ITS Incompatible Timesharing System
+ITS Institute of Telecommunication Science
+ITS Intelligent Transport Systems
+ITSEC Information Technology Security Evaluation Criteria
+ITSO Incoming Trunk Service Observation
+ITT International Telephone and Telegraph
+ITT insulin tolerance tests
+ITT insulin tolerance tests
+ITU International Telecommunication Union
+ITU International Telecommunications Union
+ITU-T ITU Telecommunications Standardization Sector
+ITU-T International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications Standardisation Sector
+ITU-T International Telecommunications Union, Telecommunications Standardization Section
+ITUG International Telecommunications User Group
+ITUSA IT Users Standards Association
+ITV Interactive Television
+ITX Intermediate Text Block
+IU Integer Unit
+IUCN World Conservation Union
+IUCr International Union of Crystallography
+IUD intra-uterine devices
+IUD intra-uterine devices
+IUE International Ultraviolet Explorer
+IUMA Internet Underground Music Archive
+IUMS International Union of Microbiological Societies
+IUS Inertial Upper Stage
+IUV Interlibrational Utility Vehicle
+IV InterVarsity
+IV&V Independent Verification & Validation
+IVA Imposta sul Valore Aggiunto
+IVC Inspection Validation Centre
+IVC Inspection Validation Centre
+IVC Internet VoiceChat
+IVCF InterVarsity Christian Fellowship
+IVDT Integrated Voice/Data Terminal
+IVF in vitro fertilization
+IVG Industrieverwaltungsgesellschaft AG
+IVHS Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems
+IVHS Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems
+IVIS Interactive Video Information System
+IVP Installation Verification Program
+IVR Integrated Voice Response
+IVR Interactive Voice Response
+IVS Interactive Videodisk System
+IVT Interrupt Vector Table
+IVTS International Video Teleconferencing Service
+IWBNI It Would Be Nice If
+IWC Inside Wire Cable
+IWIK I Wish I knew
+IWR Interdisziplinares Zentrum fur Wissenschaftliches Rechnen
+IWS Intelligent Work-Station
+IWW International Workers of the World
+IX Interactive eXecutive
+IXC Inter-eXchange Carrier
+IXC IntereXchange Carrier
+IXI International pan-European X.25 Infrastructure
+IXM IntereXchange Mileage
+IYSWIM If You See What I Mean
+InterNIC Internet Network Information Center
+InterTel International League of Intelligence
+Internet Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
+IrDA Infrared Data Association
+J-PCA Japanese P.C.A
+J-PCA Japanese P.C.A
+J.C. Jones Capital
+J.P. Jones Professional
+J.P. joint proposal
+J.V joint venture
+J.V. joint ventures
+JA Jump Address
+JA Jump if Above
+JA Junior Achievement
+JACC Journal of the American College of Cardiology
+JACI Just Another CASE Implementation
+JACL Japanese American Citizens League
+JACM Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery
+JAD Joint Application Design
+JAE Jump if Above or Equal
+JAFO Just Another Fucking Observer
+JAI Journal of Artifical Intelligence
+JAL Japan Air Lines
+JAL Japan Airline
+JAL Japan Airlines
+JAL Japan Air Lines
+JALT Japan Association for Language Teaching
+JAM Jamaica
+JAM Justified Ancients of Mummu
+JAMA Journal of the American Medical Association
+JAMOT Just a Matter of Time
+JANET Joint Academic Network
+JANFU Joint Army-Navy Fuck Up
+JASIS Journal of the American Society of Information Science
+JAST Joint Advanced Strike Technology
+JATO Jet Assist Take Off
+JATO Jet-Assisted Take-Off
+JBE Jump if Below or Equal
+JBIG Joint Bilevel Image Group
+JBIG Joint Binary Image Group
+JBS John Birch Society
+JC Jesus Christ
+JC Joint Compound
+JC Julius Caesar
+JC Jump if Carry set
+JC Junior College
+JCA Jewelry Crafts Association
+JCAC Joint Civil Affairs Committee
+JCAE Joint Committee on Atomic Energy
+JCAHO Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
+JCAHO Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Hospital Organizations
+JCAHO Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations
+JCAHO Joint Committee on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
+JCALS Joint Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistics Support
+JCEE Joint Council on Economic Education
+JCET Joint Council on Educational Television
+JCL Job Control Language
+JCMT James Clark Maxwell Telescope
+JCP J.C. PENNEY
+JCP J.C. Penney
+JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff
+JD Justice Department
+JDL Jewish Defense League
+JDS John Dewey Society
+JE Jump if Equal
+JECC Japan Electronic Computer Company
+JEDEC Joint Electronic Devices Engineering Council
+JEEP General Purpose
+JEIDA Japan Electronics Inderstry Development Association
+JEIDA Japanese Electronics Industry Development Association
+JEM Japanese Experiment Module
+JES Job Entry System
+JES John Ericsson Society
+JESSI Joint European Submicron SIlicon
+JESUS Job Entry System of the University of Saskatuan
+JET Joint European Torus
+JFET Junction FET
+JFET Junction Field Effect Transistor
+JFIF JPEG File Interchange Format
+JFK John F. Kennedy
+JFK John Fitzgerald Kennedy
+JFMIP Joint Financial Management Improvement Program
+JFN Job File Number
+JFR Just Fucking Relax
+JFS Next Generation of JLE
+JG Jump if Greater
+JGE Jump if Greater or Equal
+JGR Journal of Geophysical Research
+JI Justice Inc.
+JI Justice, Inc.
+JIC Joint Industry Council
+JIC Joint Intelligence Center
+JIC Just in Case
+JILA Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics
+JIM Job Information Memorandum
+JINTACCS Joint INteroperability of TActical Command and Control Systems
+JIS Japan Industrial Standards
+JISC Japanese Industrial Standards Committee
+JISC Joint Information Systems Committee
+JIT Just In Time
+JIT Just-In-Time
+JJ Josephson-Junction
+JL Jump if Less
+JLE Japanese Language Enveronment
+JLE Jump if Less than or Equal to
+JM Jamaica
+JMH Joint Mission Hardware
+JMP Jump
+JMS J Michael Straczynski
+JMS John Milton Society
+JMX Jumbogroup MultipleX
+JNA Jump if Not Above
+JNAE Jump if Not Above or Equal
+JNB Jump if Not Below
+JNBE Jump if Not Below or Equal
+JNG Jump if Not Greater
+JNGE Jump if Not Greater or Equal
+JNLE Jump if Not Less or Equal
+JNO Jump if No Overflow
+JNP Jump if No Parity
+JNS Jump if No Sign
+JNT Joint Network Team
+JNZ Jump if Not Zero
+JO Job Order
+JO Jordan
+JO Junior Officer
+JOAT Jack Of All Trades
+JOOC Just Out Of Curiosity
+JOOTT Just One Of Those Things
+JOR Jordan
+JOTD Joke Of The Day
+JOVE Jonathan's Own Version of Emacs
+JOVIAL Jules Own Version of the International Algorithmic Language
+JOY Jesus first, Others second, You third
+JP Japan
+JP Johnson Properties
+JPATS Joint Primary Aircraft Training System
+JPE Jump if Parity Even
+JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
+JPI J.P. Industries
+JPJA Journal for Patriotic Justice in America
+JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory
+JPN Japan
+JPO Jump if Parity Odd
+JRC Junior Red Cross
+JRP Joint Relief Partnership
+JRT Jack Russell Terrier
+JS Jump if Sign
+JSB Japan Satellite Broadcasters Inc.
+JSC Johnson Space Center
+JSD Jackson System Development
+JSFC Johnson Space Flight Center
+JSN Junction Switch Number
+JSP Jackson Structured Programming
+JSP Japan Socialist Party
+JSP Japanese Socialist Party
+JSP Japan Socialist Party
+JSRC Joint Services Review Committee
+JST Japan Standard Time
+JSW Junctor SWitch
+JTAG Joint Test Action Group
+JTASC Joint Training, Analysis and Simulation Center
+JTIDS Joint Tactical Information Distribution Systems
+JTM Job Transfer and Manipulation
+JUGL JANET User Group for Libraries
+JULLS Joint Universal Lessons Learned System database
+JUNET Japan UNIX Network
+JV Junior Varsity
+JVC Japan Victor Corporation
+JVC Japanese Victor Company
+JVMHHB JVM Helping Hands Bindery
+JVNC John von Neumann Super Computer Center
+JVNCNET John von Neumann Super Computer Center network
+JWCA Joint Warfighter Capability Assessment
+JWH John Wesley Harding
+JZ Jump if Zero
+K Kilo-
+K Kilobit
+K&R Kernighan and Ritchie
+K-12 Kindergarden through twelfth grade
+K-12 Kindergarten through 12th grade
+K-H Kelsey-Hayes
+K12 Kindergarten through 12th grade
+K9 canine
+KA9Q KA9Q
+KA9Q Phil Karn's amateur radio callsign - often refers to his TCP/IP software package
+KADS Knowledge Acquisition and Design Support
+KAIST Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
+KAO Kuiper Airborne Observatory
+KAOS Killing as Organized Sport
+KAZ Kazakhstan
+KB Key Board
+KB Keyboard
+KB KiloByte
+KB Kilobyte
+KBD Keyboard
+KBD$ Keyboard
+KBPS KiloBits Per Second
+KBPS Kilobytes Per Second
+KBS Knowledge-Based System
+KBT Kerry Blue Terrier
+KC Kansas City
+KC Kennel Club
+KC King's Counsel
+KC Knights of Columbus
+KCL Kyoto Common Lisp
+KCMG Knight Commander of St Michael and St George
+KCMG Knight Commander of the Most noble order of the Garter
+KCMO Kansas City, Missouri
+KD Kiln Dried
+KD Knock-Down
+KD Knocked Down
+KDCI Key Display Call Indicator
+KDD Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co.
+KDT Key Definition Table
+KDT Keyboard Display Terminal
+KE Kenya
+KEDO Korean Energy Development Organization
+KEN Kenya
+KERMIT Kl-10 Error-free Reciprocal Micro Interconnect over Tty lines
+KET Kentucky Educational Television
+KEYBBE Foreign language KEYBoard program - Belgium
+KEYBBR Foreign language KEYBoard program - Brazil
+KEYBCF Foreign language KEYBoard program - Canadian-French
+KEYBCZ Foreign language KEYBoard program - Czechoslovakia
+KEYBDF Foreign language KEYBoard program - Denmark
+KEYBFR Foreign language KEYBoard program - France
+KEYBGR Foreign language KEYBoard program - Germany
+KEYBHU Foreign language KEYBoard program - Hungary
+KEYBIT Foreign language KEYBoard program - Italy
+KEYBLA Foreign language KEYBoard program - Latin America
+KEYBNL Foreign language KEYBoard program - Netherlands
+KEYBNO Foreign language KEYBoard program - Norway
+KEYBPL Foreign language KEYBoard program - Poland
+KEYBPO Foreign language KEYBoard program - Portugal
+KEYBSF Foreign language KEYBoard program - Swiss-French
+KEYBSG Foreign language KEYBoard program - Swiss-German
+KEYBSL Foreign language KEYBoard program - Czechoslovakia
+KEYBSP Foreign language KEYBoard program - Spain
+KEYBSU Foreign language KEYBoard program - Finland
+KEYBSV Foreign language KEYBoard program - Sweden
+KEYBUK Foreign language KEYBoard program - United Kingdom
+KEYBUS Foreign language KEYBoard program - United States
+KEYBYU Foreign language KEYBoard program - Yugoslavia
+KFC Kentucky Fried Chicken
+KFC Kentucky Fried Chicken
+KFT KiloFeeT
+KG Kyrgyzstan
+KGB Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopaznosti
+KGD Known Good Die
+KGF Kraft General Foods
+KGF Kraft General Foods
+KGF Kraft and General Foods
+KGF the Kraft General Foods
+KGRA Known Geothermal Resources Area
+KGRA Known Geothermal Resources Area
+KGZ Kyrgyzstan
+KH Cambodia
+KHM Cambodia
+KHZ KiloHertZ
+KI Kiribati
+KI Kiwanis International
+KIA Killed In Action
+KIAS Knot Indicated Air Speed
+KIF Key Index File
+KIP Kinetics IP
+KIPS Kawasaki Integrated Power-valve System
+KIR Kiribati
+KISS Keep it simple, stupid
+KITT Knight Industrial TwoThousand
+KITT Knight Industries Two Thousand
+KK Kern of KK
+KK a Kern of KK
+KKK Ku Klux Klan
+KKR Kohlberg Kravis Roberts
+KKR Kohlberg Kravis Roberts
+KLF Kings of the Low Frequency
+KLF Kopyright Liberation Front
+KLIPS thousands of Logical Inferences Per Second
+KLM Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij
+KLM Koninklijke Luchvaart Maatschapij
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