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Posted to notifications@shardingsphere.apache.org by "makssent (via GitHub)" <gi...@apache.org> on 2026/10/19 13:13:44 UTC
[I] Firebird Proxy rejects Q'{...}' strings and numbers with an exponent and no decimal point (1e0, 1E20) [shardingsphere]
makssent opened a new issue, #40260:
URL: https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/issues/40260
### Before reporting a bug
- [x] I have searched open and closed [GitHub issues](https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/issues).
- [x] I have read the [ShardingSphere documentation](https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/overview).
### ShardingSphere version
master, commit [`01446d4fad4`](https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/commit/01446d4fad48450e7fc3eb3b3631b25d6bf411df)
### ShardingSphere project
ShardingSphere-Proxy
### Expected behavior
The proxy should accept strings in alternative quotes ([`Q'{...}'`](https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/blob/v5.0.4/src/dsql/Parser.cpp#L716-L762)) and numbers with an exponent and no decimal point ([lexer](https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/blob/v5.0.4/src/dsql/Parser.cpp#L1102-L1112)) as the Firebird server does.
### Actual behavior
The proxy rejects the string in alternative quotes with a syntax error and takes the numbers for column names.
The same statements were executed directly on the Firebird server and through the proxy:
| Statement | Firebird server | Proxy |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `SELECT Q'{it's}' FROM RDB$DATABASE` | One row: it's | Error [`isc_dsql_error`](https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/blob/01446d4fad48450e7fc3eb3b3631b25d6bf411df/database/exception/dialect/firebird/src/main/java/org/apache/shardingsphere/database/exception/firebird/mapper/FirebirdDialectExceptionMapper.java#L95-L97) "Dynamic SQL Error; You have an error in your SQL syntax: SELECT Q'{it's}' FROM RDB$DATABASE, null" |
| `SELECT 1e0 FROM RDB$DATABASE` | One row: 1.0, type [`DOUBLE PRECISION`](https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/blob/v5.0.4/src/dsql/parse.y#L7735-L7736) | Error [`isc_random`](https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/blob/01446d4fad48450e7fc3eb3b3631b25d6bf411df/database/protocol/dialect/firebird/src/main/java/org/apache/shardingsphere/database/protocol/firebird/err/FirebirdErrorSegmentResolver.java#L56) "Unknown column '1e0' in 'field list'." |
| `SELECT 1E20 FROM RDB$DATABASE` | One row: 1.0E20, type [`DOUBLE PRECISION`](https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/blob/v5.0.4/src/dsql/parse.y#L7735-L7736) | Error [`isc_random`](https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/blob/01446d4fad48450e7fc3eb3b3631b25d6bf411df/database/protocol/dialect/firebird/src/main/java/org/apache/shardingsphere/database/protocol/firebird/err/FirebirdErrorSegmentResolver.java#L56) "Unknown column '1E20' in 'field list'." |
So through the proxy an application cannot use strings in alternative quotes and numbers in exponent notation without a decimal point.
### Reason analysis
The Firebird lexer of ShardingSphere does not recognize these literals:
- [`STRING_`](https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/blob/01446d4fad48450e7fc3eb3b3631b25d6bf411df/parser/sql/engine/dialect/firebird/src/main/antlr4/imports/firebird/Literals.g4#L27-L29) has no alternative quotes ([`Q'{...}'`](https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/blob/v5.0.4/src/dsql/Parser.cpp#L716-L762));
- [`IDENTIFIER_`](https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/blob/01446d4fad48450e7fc3eb3b3631b25d6bf411df/parser/sql/engine/dialect/firebird/src/main/antlr4/imports/firebird/Literals.g4#L22-L25) may start with a digit and is declared before [`NUMBER_`](https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/blob/01446d4fad48450e7fc3eb3b3631b25d6bf411df/parser/sql/engine/dialect/firebird/src/main/antlr4/imports/firebird/Literals.g4#L31-L33). Both rules match `1e0` with the same length, so ANTLR takes the first rule, and `1e0` becomes an identifier.
### Steps to reproduce
#### Environment
- Firebird server 5.0.
- Client: Jaybird 6.0.7.
#### Steps
1. Start ShardingSphere-Proxy with this configuration:
```yaml
# global.yaml
authority:
users:
- user: root@%
password: root
privilege:
type: ALL_PERMITTED
props:
proxy-frontend-database-protocol-type: Firebird
```
```yaml
# database-firebird.yaml
databaseName: firebird_db
dataSources:
ds_0:
url: jdbc:firebirdsql://<host>/<database file>
username: <user>
password: <password>
rules:
- !SINGLE
tables:
- "*.*"
```
2. Execute the statements from the table under "Actual behavior" through the proxy and directly on the Firebird server, and compare the results. "Example code" runs all of them.
### Example code
The statements from the table on Jaybird 6.0.7. The comment above each call shows what it prints against the Firebird server and through the proxy.
```java
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.Types;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class LexerLiterals {
// The proxy; put the URL of the Firebird server here to compare
static final String URL = "jdbc:firebirdsql://<proxy host>:<proxy port>/firebird_db?encoding=UTF8&wireCrypt=DISABLED";
static final String USER = "root";
static final String PASSWORD = "root";
public static void main(final String[] args) throws SQLException {
try (Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASSWORD)) {
// Firebird server: "SELECT Q'{it's}' FROM RDB$DATABASE -> CONSTANT CHAR(4): it's";
// proxy: "SELECT Q'{it's}' FROM RDB$DATABASE -> error: Dynamic SQL Error; You have an error in your SQL syntax: SELECT Q'{it's}' FROM RDB$DATABASE, null ..."
execute(connection, "SELECT Q'{it's}' FROM RDB$DATABASE");
// Firebird server: "SELECT 1e0 FROM RDB$DATABASE -> CONSTANT DOUBLE PRECISION: 1.0";
// proxy: "SELECT 1e0 FROM RDB$DATABASE -> error: Unknown column '1e0' in 'field list'. ..."
execute(connection, "SELECT 1e0 FROM RDB$DATABASE");
// Firebird server: "SELECT 1E20 FROM RDB$DATABASE -> CONSTANT DOUBLE PRECISION: 1.0E20";
// proxy: "SELECT 1E20 FROM RDB$DATABASE -> error: Unknown column '1E20' in 'field list'. ..."
execute(connection, "SELECT 1E20 FROM RDB$DATABASE");
}
}
// Executes the statement and prints the described columns with the rows, the update count or the error
static void execute(final Connection connection, final String sql) {
try (Statement statement = connection.createStatement()) {
if (!statement.execute(sql)) {
System.out.println(sql + " -> update count " + statement.getUpdateCount());
return;
}
try (ResultSet resultSet = statement.getResultSet()) {
ResultSetMetaData metaData = resultSet.getMetaData();
List<String> columns = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 1; i <= metaData.getColumnCount(); i++) {
int type = metaData.getColumnType(i);
boolean text = Types.CHAR == type || Types.VARCHAR == type;
columns.add(metaData.getColumnLabel(i) + " " + metaData.getColumnTypeName(i) + (text ? "(" + metaData.getPrecision(i) + ")" : ""));
}
List<String> rows = new ArrayList<>();
while (resultSet.next()) {
List<String> values = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 1; i <= metaData.getColumnCount(); i++) {
values.add(String.valueOf(resultSet.getObject(i)));
}
rows.add(String.join(", ", values));
}
System.out.println(sql + " -> " + String.join(", ", columns) + ": " + (rows.isEmpty() ? "no rows" : String.join("; ", rows)));
}
} catch (final SQLException ex) {
System.out.println(sql + " -> error: " + ex.getMessage());
}
}
}
```
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