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Posted to commits@avro.apache.org by ko...@apache.org on 2019/10/27 01:27:18 UTC

[avro] branch master updated: AVRO-2578: Support Both Capitalizations of Parse (#666)

This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.

kojiromike pushed a commit to branch master
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/avro.git


The following commit(s) were added to refs/heads/master by this push:
     new 3e79dfe  AVRO-2578: Support Both Capitalizations of Parse (#666)
3e79dfe is described below

commit 3e79dfec8461fb0157f068cff7ba24be8cdfa9d8
Author: Michael A. Smith <mi...@smith-li.com>
AuthorDate: Sat Oct 26 21:27:12 2019 -0400

    AVRO-2578: Support Both Capitalizations of Parse (#666)
    
    * AVRO-2578: Provide Parse in Both Capitalizations
    
    * AVRO-2578: Normalize Calls to Parse
    
    * AVRO-2578: Test Both Schema Parse Capitalizations
    
    * AVRO-2578: Test Both Capitalizations of Protocol.Parse
    
    * AVRO-2578: Add Deprecation Warnings for Capital-P Parse
    
    * AVRO-2578: Fix Tests for Py3.5
---
 lang/py3/avro/datafile.py                   |   6 +-
 lang/py3/avro/ipc.py                        |  14 +-
 lang/py3/avro/protocol.py                   |  10 +-
 lang/py3/avro/schema.py                     |  11 +-
 lang/py3/avro/tests/av_bench.py             |   2 +-
 lang/py3/avro/tests/gen_interop_data.py     |   2 +-
 lang/py3/avro/tests/sample_http_client.py   |   2 +-
 lang/py3/avro/tests/sample_http_server.py   |   2 +-
 lang/py3/avro/tests/test_datafile.py        |   8 +-
 lang/py3/avro/tests/test_io.py              |  30 +--
 lang/py3/avro/tests/test_ipc.py             |   2 +-
 lang/py3/avro/tests/test_normalization.py   | 280 ++++++++++++++--------------
 lang/py3/avro/tests/test_protocol.py        |  22 ++-
 lang/py3/avro/tests/test_schema.py          |  33 ++--
 lang/py3/avro/tests/test_script.py          |   2 +-
 lang/py3/avro/tests/txsample_http_client.py |   2 +-
 lang/py3/avro/tests/txsample_http_server.py |   2 +-
 lang/py3/avro/tool.py                       |   4 +-
 lang/py3/scripts/avro                       |   2 +-
 19 files changed, 233 insertions(+), 203 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/datafile.py b/lang/py3/avro/datafile.py
index e60b4b7..6a3d46e 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/datafile.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/datafile.py
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ SYNC_SIZE = 16
 SYNC_INTERVAL = 1000 * SYNC_SIZE
 
 # Schema of the container header:
-META_SCHEMA = schema.Parse("""
+META_SCHEMA = schema.parse("""
 {
   "type": "record", "name": "org.apache.avro.file.Header",
   "fields": [{
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ class DataFileWriter(object):
       # get schema used to write existing file
       schema_from_file = dfr.GetMeta('avro.schema').decode('utf-8')
       self.SetMeta('avro.schema', schema_from_file)
-      self.datum_writer.writer_schema = schema.Parse(schema_from_file)
+      self.datum_writer.writer_schema = schema.parse(schema_from_file)
 
       # seek to the end of the file and prepare for writing
       writer.seek(0, 2)
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ class DataFileReader(object):
     # get ready to read
     self._block_count = 0
     self.datum_reader.writer_schema = (
-        schema.Parse(self.GetMeta(SCHEMA_KEY).decode('utf-8')))
+        schema.parse(self.GetMeta(SCHEMA_KEY).decode('utf-8')))
 
   def __enter__(self):
     return self
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/ipc.py b/lang/py3/avro/ipc.py
index f5d376d..22b9b11 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/ipc.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/ipc.py
@@ -47,19 +47,19 @@ def LoadResource(name):
 HANDSHAKE_REQUEST_SCHEMA_JSON = LoadResource('HandshakeRequest.avsc')
 HANDSHAKE_RESPONSE_SCHEMA_JSON = LoadResource('HandshakeResponse.avsc')
 
-HANDSHAKE_REQUEST_SCHEMA = schema.Parse(HANDSHAKE_REQUEST_SCHEMA_JSON)
-HANDSHAKE_RESPONSE_SCHEMA = schema.Parse(HANDSHAKE_RESPONSE_SCHEMA_JSON)
+HANDSHAKE_REQUEST_SCHEMA = schema.parse(HANDSHAKE_REQUEST_SCHEMA_JSON)
+HANDSHAKE_RESPONSE_SCHEMA = schema.parse(HANDSHAKE_RESPONSE_SCHEMA_JSON)
 
 HANDSHAKE_REQUESTOR_WRITER = avro_io.DatumWriter(HANDSHAKE_REQUEST_SCHEMA)
 HANDSHAKE_REQUESTOR_READER = avro_io.DatumReader(HANDSHAKE_RESPONSE_SCHEMA)
 HANDSHAKE_RESPONDER_WRITER = avro_io.DatumWriter(HANDSHAKE_RESPONSE_SCHEMA)
 HANDSHAKE_RESPONDER_READER = avro_io.DatumReader(HANDSHAKE_REQUEST_SCHEMA)
 
-META_SCHEMA = schema.Parse('{"type": "map", "values": "bytes"}')
+META_SCHEMA = schema.parse('{"type": "map", "values": "bytes"}')
 META_WRITER = avro_io.DatumWriter(META_SCHEMA)
 META_READER = avro_io.DatumReader(META_SCHEMA)
 
-SYSTEM_ERROR_SCHEMA = schema.Parse('["string"]')
+SYSTEM_ERROR_SCHEMA = schema.parse('["string"]')
 
 AVRO_RPC_MIME = 'avro/binary'
 
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ class BaseRequestor(object, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     elif match == 'CLIENT':
       # Client's side hash mismatch:
       self._remote_protocol = \
-          protocol.Parse(handshake_response['serverProtocol'])
+          protocol.parse(handshake_response['serverProtocol'])
       self._remote_hash = handshake_response['serverHash']
       self._send_protocol = False
       return True
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ class BaseRequestor(object, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     elif match == 'NONE':
       # Neither client nor server match:
       self._remote_protocol = \
-          protocol.Parse(handshake_response['serverProtocol'])
+          protocol.parse(handshake_response['serverProtocol'])
       self._remote_hash = handshake_response['serverHash']
       self._send_protocol = True
       return False
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ class Responder(object, metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
     client_protocol = handshake_request.get('clientProtocol')
     remote_protocol = self.get_protocol_cache(client_hash)
     if remote_protocol is None and client_protocol is not None:
-      remote_protocol = protocol.Parse(client_protocol)
+      remote_protocol = protocol.parse(client_protocol)
       self.set_protocol_cache(client_hash, remote_protocol)
 
     # evaluate remote's guess of the local protocol
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/protocol.py b/lang/py3/avro/protocol.py
index 30834da..8ee721c 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/protocol.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/protocol.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ Protocol implementation.
 import hashlib
 import json
 import logging
+import warnings
 from types import MappingProxyType
 
 from avro import schema
@@ -375,7 +376,7 @@ def ProtocolFromJSONData(json_data):
   )
 
 
-def Parse(json_string):
+def parse(json_string):
   """Constructs a Protocol from its JSON descriptor in text form.
 
   Args:
@@ -395,3 +396,10 @@ def Parse(json_string):
         % (json_string, exn))
 
   return ProtocolFromJSONData(json_data)
+
+def Parse(json_string):
+  """Deprecated implementation of parse."""
+  warnings.warn("`Parse` is deprecated in avro 1.10. "
+                "Please use `parse` (lowercase) instead.",
+                DeprecationWarning)
+  return parse(json_string)
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/schema.py b/lang/py3/avro/schema.py
index 9fbe8e5..2bfaa3b 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/schema.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/schema.py
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ import abc
 import json
 import logging
 import re
+import warnings
 from types import MappingProxyType
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -1217,7 +1218,7 @@ def SchemaFromJSONData(json_data, names=None):
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-def Parse(json_string):
+def parse(json_string):
   """Constructs a Schema from its JSON descriptor in text form.
 
   Args:
@@ -1241,3 +1242,11 @@ def Parse(json_string):
 
   # construct the Avro Schema object
   return SchemaFromJSONData(json_data, names)
+
+
+def Parse(json_string):
+  """Deprecated implementation of parse."""
+  warnings.warn("`Parse` is deprecated in avro 1.10. "
+                "Please use `parse` (lowercase) instead.",
+                DeprecationWarning)
+  return parse(json_string)
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/tests/av_bench.py b/lang/py3/avro/tests/av_bench.py
index 88cbafb..d4baca2 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/tests/av_bench.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/tests/av_bench.py
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def Write(nrecords):
     ]
   }
   """
-  schema = avro.schema.Parse(schema_s)
+  schema = avro.schema.parse(schema_s)
   writer = avro.io.DatumWriter(schema)
 
   with open(FILENAME, 'wb') as out:
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/tests/gen_interop_data.py b/lang/py3/avro/tests/gen_interop_data.py
index 0306c21..f3ee9be 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/tests/gen_interop_data.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/tests/gen_interop_data.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ DATUM = {
 
 
 def generate(schema_file, output_path):
-  interop_schema = schema.Parse(open(schema_file, 'r').read())
+  interop_schema = schema.parse(open(schema_file, 'r').read())
   datum_writer = io.DatumWriter()
   for codec in datafile.VALID_CODECS:
     filename = 'py3'
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/tests/sample_http_client.py b/lang/py3/avro/tests/sample_http_client.py
index 47212a1..379389a 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/tests/sample_http_client.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/tests/sample_http_client.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ MAIL_PROTOCOL_JSON = """\
  }
 }
 """
-MAIL_PROTOCOL = protocol.Parse(MAIL_PROTOCOL_JSON)
+MAIL_PROTOCOL = protocol.parse(MAIL_PROTOCOL_JSON)
 SERVER_HOST = 'localhost'
 SERVER_PORT = 9090
 
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/tests/sample_http_server.py b/lang/py3/avro/tests/sample_http_server.py
index 72518be..22aaf6f 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/tests/sample_http_server.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/tests/sample_http_server.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ MAIL_PROTOCOL_JSON = """\
  }
 }
 """
-MAIL_PROTOCOL = protocol.Parse(MAIL_PROTOCOL_JSON)
+MAIL_PROTOCOL = protocol.parse(MAIL_PROTOCOL_JSON)
 SERVER_ADDRESS = ('localhost', 9090)
 
 class MailResponder(ipc.Responder):
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_datafile.py b/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_datafile.py
index 6256f35..3342098 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_datafile.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_datafile.py
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class TestDataFile(unittest.TestCase):
         logging.debug('Creating data file %r', file_path)
         with open(file_path, 'wb') as writer:
           datum_writer = io.DatumWriter()
-          schema_object = schema.Parse(writer_schema)
+          schema_object = schema.parse(writer_schema)
           with datafile.DataFileWriter(
               writer=writer,
               datum_writer=datum_writer,
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ class TestDataFile(unittest.TestCase):
         logging.debug('Creating data file %r', file_path)
         with open(file_path, 'wb') as writer:
           datum_writer = io.DatumWriter()
-          schema_object = schema.Parse(writer_schema)
+          schema_object = schema.parse(writer_schema)
           with datafile.DataFileWriter(
               writer=writer,
               datum_writer=datum_writer,
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ class TestDataFile(unittest.TestCase):
     with open(file_path, 'wb') as writer:
       datum_writer = io.DatumWriter()
       sample_schema, sample_datum = SCHEMAS_TO_VALIDATE[1]
-      schema_object = schema.Parse(sample_schema)
+      schema_object = schema.parse(sample_schema)
       with datafile.DataFileWriter(writer, datum_writer, schema_object) as dfw:
         dfw.append(sample_datum)
       self.assertTrue(writer.closed)
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ class TestDataFile(unittest.TestCase):
     with open(file_path, 'wb') as writer:
       datum_writer = io.DatumWriter()
       sample_schema, sample_datum = SCHEMAS_TO_VALIDATE[1]
-      schema_object = schema.Parse(sample_schema)
+      schema_object = schema.parse(sample_schema)
       with datafile.DataFileWriter(writer, datum_writer, schema_object) as dfw:
         dfw.SetMeta('test.string', 'foo')
         dfw.SetMeta('test.number', '1')
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_io.py b/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_io.py
index 2fcd689..cbd2219 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_io.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_io.py
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ DEFAULT_VALUE_EXAMPLES = (
    '{"A": 5}', {'A': 5}),
 )
 
-LONG_RECORD_SCHEMA = schema.Parse("""
+LONG_RECORD_SCHEMA = schema.parse("""
 {
   "type": "record",
   "name": "Test",
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ def check_binary_encoding(number_type):
     logging.debug('Datum: %d', datum)
     logging.debug('Correct Encoding: %s', hex_encoding)
 
-    writer_schema = schema.Parse('"%s"' % number_type.lower())
+    writer_schema = schema.parse('"%s"' % number_type.lower())
     writer, encoder, datum_writer = write_datum(datum, writer_schema)
     writer.seek(0)
     hex_val = avro_hexlify(writer)
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ def check_skip_number(number_type):
     logging.debug('Value to Skip: %d', value_to_skip)
 
     # write the value to skip and a known value
-    writer_schema = schema.Parse('"%s"' % number_type.lower())
+    writer_schema = schema.parse('"%s"' % number_type.lower())
     writer, encoder, datum_writer = write_datum(value_to_skip, writer_schema)
     datum_writer.write(VALUE_TO_READ, encoder)
 
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ class TestIO(unittest.TestCase):
     for example_schema, datum in SCHEMAS_TO_VALIDATE:
       logging.debug('Schema: %r', example_schema)
       logging.debug('Datum: %r', datum)
-      validated = avro_io.Validate(schema.Parse(example_schema), datum)
+      validated = avro_io.Validate(schema.parse(example_schema), datum)
       logging.debug('Valid: %s', validated)
       if validated: passed += 1
     self.assertEqual(passed, len(SCHEMAS_TO_VALIDATE))
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class TestIO(unittest.TestCase):
       logging.debug('Schema: %s', example_schema)
       logging.debug('Datum: %s', datum)
 
-      writer_schema = schema.Parse(example_schema)
+      writer_schema = schema.parse(example_schema)
       writer, encoder, datum_writer = write_datum(datum, writer_schema)
       round_trip_datum = read_datum(writer, writer_schema)
 
@@ -247,10 +247,10 @@ class TestIO(unittest.TestCase):
     promotable_schemas = ['"int"', '"long"', '"float"', '"double"']
     incorrect = 0
     for i, ws in enumerate(promotable_schemas):
-      writer_schema = schema.Parse(ws)
+      writer_schema = schema.parse(ws)
       datum_to_write = 219
       for rs in promotable_schemas[i + 1:]:
-        reader_schema = schema.Parse(rs)
+        reader_schema = schema.parse(rs)
         writer, enc, dw = write_datum(datum_to_write, writer_schema)
         datum_read = read_datum(writer, writer_schema, reader_schema)
         logging.debug('Writer: %s Reader: %s', writer_schema, reader_schema)
@@ -259,12 +259,12 @@ class TestIO(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(incorrect, 0)
 
   def testUnknownSymbol(self):
-    writer_schema = schema.Parse("""\
+    writer_schema = schema.parse("""\
       {"type": "enum", "name": "Test",
        "symbols": ["FOO", "BAR"]}""")
     datum_to_write = 'FOO'
 
-    reader_schema = schema.Parse("""\
+    reader_schema = schema.parse("""\
       {"type": "enum", "name": "Test",
        "symbols": ["BAR", "BAZ"]}""")
 
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ class TestIO(unittest.TestCase):
 
     correct = 0
     for field_type, default_json, default_datum in DEFAULT_VALUE_EXAMPLES:
-      reader_schema = schema.Parse("""\
+      reader_schema = schema.parse("""\
         {"type": "record", "name": "Test",
          "fields": [{"name": "H", "type": %s, "default": %s}]}
         """ % (field_type, default_json))
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ class TestIO(unittest.TestCase):
     writer_schema = LONG_RECORD_SCHEMA
     datum_to_write = LONG_RECORD_DATUM
 
-    reader_schema = schema.Parse("""\
+    reader_schema = schema.parse("""\
       {"type": "record", "name": "Test",
        "fields": [{"name": "H", "type": "int"}]}""")
 
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ class TestIO(unittest.TestCase):
     writer_schema = LONG_RECORD_SCHEMA
     datum_to_write = LONG_RECORD_DATUM
 
-    reader_schema = schema.Parse("""\
+    reader_schema = schema.parse("""\
       {"type": "record", "name": "Test",
        "fields": [{"name": "E", "type": "int"},
                   {"name": "F", "type": "int"}]}""")
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ class TestIO(unittest.TestCase):
     writer_schema = LONG_RECORD_SCHEMA
     datum_to_write = LONG_RECORD_DATUM
 
-    reader_schema = schema.Parse("""\
+    reader_schema = schema.parse("""\
       {"type": "record", "name": "Test",
        "fields": [{"name": "F", "type": "int"},
                   {"name": "E", "type": "int"}]}""")
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ class TestIO(unittest.TestCase):
     self.assertEqual(datum_to_read, datum_read)
 
   def testTypeException(self):
-    writer_schema = schema.Parse("""\
+    writer_schema = schema.parse("""\
       {"type": "record", "name": "Test",
        "fields": [{"name": "F", "type": "int"},
                   {"name": "E", "type": "int"}]}""")
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ class TestIO(unittest.TestCase):
         avro_io.AvroTypeException, write_datum, datum_to_write, writer_schema)
 
   def testUnionSchemaSpecificity(self):
-    union_schema = schema.Parse("""
+    union_schema = schema.parse("""
         [{
          "type" : "record",
          "name" : "A",
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_ipc.py b/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_ipc.py
index 20eee1a..fa23d3c 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_ipc.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_ipc.py
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ ECHO_PROTOCOL_JSON = """
 """
 
 
-ECHO_PROTOCOL = protocol.Parse(ECHO_PROTOCOL_JSON)
+ECHO_PROTOCOL = protocol.parse(ECHO_PROTOCOL_JSON)
 
 
 class EchoResponder(ipc.Responder):
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_normalization.py b/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_normalization.py
index 729b683..bb9d382 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_normalization.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_normalization.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 import unittest
 
-from avro.schema import Parse
+from avro.schema import parse
 from avro.schemanormalization import Fingerprint, FingerprintAlgorithmNames, ToParsingCanonicalForm
 
 
@@ -29,119 +29,119 @@ class TestSchemaNormalization(unittest.TestCase):
   def testCanonicalization1(self):
     pre='"float"'
     post='"float"'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization2(self):
     pre='{"type": "float"}'
     post='"float"'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization3(self):
     pre='"int"'
     post='"int"'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization4(self):
     pre='{"type": "int"}'
     post='"int"'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization5(self):
     pre='"double"'
     post='"double"'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization6(self):
     pre='{"type": "double"}'
     post='"double"'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization7(self):
     pre='"null"'
     post='"null"'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization8(self):
     pre='{"type": "null"}'
     post='"null"'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization9(self):
     pre='"bytes"'
     post='"bytes"'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization10(self):
     pre='{"type": "bytes"}'
     post='"bytes"'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization11(self):
     pre='"long"'
     post='"long"'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization12(self):
     pre='{"type": "long"}'
     post='"long"'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization13(self):
     pre='"boolean"'
     post='"boolean"'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization14(self):
     pre='{"type": "boolean"}'
     post='"boolean"'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization15(self):
     pre='"string"'
     post='"string"'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization16(self):
     pre='{"type": "string"}'
     post='"string"'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization17(self):
     pre='{"type": "fixed", "name": "Test", "size": 1}'
     post='{"name":"Test","type":"fixed","size":1}'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
@@ -155,21 +155,21 @@ class TestSchemaNormalization(unittest.TestCase):
     }
     """
     post='{"name":"org.apache.hadoop.avro.MyFixed","type":"fixed","size":1}'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization19(self):
     pre='{"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}'
     post='{"name":"Test","type":"enum","symbols":["A","B"]}'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization20(self):
     pre='{"type": "array", "items": "long"}'
     post='{"type":"array","items":"long"}'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
@@ -182,14 +182,14 @@ class TestSchemaNormalization(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     post=('{"type":"array","items":{"name":"Test'
           '","type":"enum","symbols":["A","B"]}}')
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization22(self):
     pre='{"type": "map", "values": "long"}'
     post='{"type":"map","values":"long"}'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
@@ -202,14 +202,14 @@ class TestSchemaNormalization(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     post=('{"type":"map","values":{"name":"Test"'
           ',"type":"enum","symbols":["A","B"]}}')
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
   def testCanonicalization24(self):
     pre='["string", "null", "long"]'
     post='["string","null","long"]'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class TestSchemaNormalization(unittest.TestCase):
     }
     """
     post='{"name":"Test","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"f","type":"long"}]}'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ class TestSchemaNormalization(unittest.TestCase):
     }
     """
     post='{"name":"Test","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"f","type":"long"}]}'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ class TestSchemaNormalization(unittest.TestCase):
     post=('{"name":"Node","type":"record","fields":[{"na'
           'me":"label","type":"string"},{"name":"childre'
           'n","type":{"type":"array","items":"Node"}}]}')
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ class TestSchemaNormalization(unittest.TestCase):
     post=('{"name":"Lisp","type":"record","fields":[{"name":"value","type'
           '":["null","string",{"name":"Cons","type":"record","fields":[{"'
           'name":"car","type":"Lisp"},{"name":"cdr","type":"Lisp"}]}]}]}')
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ class TestSchemaNormalization(unittest.TestCase):
           '":"clientProtocol","type":["null","string"]},{"name":"se'
           'rverHash","type":"org.apache.avro.ipc.MD5"},{"name":"met'
           'a","type":["null",{"type":"map","values":"bytes"}]}]}')
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ class TestSchemaNormalization(unittest.TestCase):
           'ring"]},{"name":"serverHash","type":["null",{"name":"org.ap'
           'ache.avro.ipc.MD5","type":"fixed","size":16}]},{"name":"met'
           'a","type":["null",{"type":"map","values":"bytes"}]}]}')
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ class TestSchemaNormalization(unittest.TestCase):
           '"recordField","type":{"name":"org.apache.avro.Node","type":"reco'
           'rd","fields":[{"name":"label","type":"string"},{"name":"children'
           '","type":{"type":"array","items":"org.apache.avro.Node"}}]}}]}')
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ class TestSchemaNormalization(unittest.TestCase):
     post=('{"name":"ipAddr","type":"record","fields":[{"name"'
           ':"addr","type":[{"name":"IPv6","type":"fixed","siz'
           'e":16},{"name":"IPv4","type":"fixed","size":4}]}]}')
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ class TestSchemaNormalization(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     post=('{"name":"TestDoc","type":"record","fiel'
           'ds":[{"name":"name","type":"string"}]}')
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ class TestSchemaNormalization(unittest.TestCase):
     {"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"], "doc": "Doc String"}
     """
     post='{"name":"Test","type":"enum","symbols":["A","B"]}'
-    pre_schema = Parse(pre)
+    pre_schema = parse(pre)
     canonical_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     self.assertEqual(canonical_form, post)
 
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
   def testUnsupportedFingerprintAlgorithmRaisesValueError(self):
     schema='"int"'
     algorithm='UNKNOWN'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:
       Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"int"'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='8f5c393f1ad57572'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"int"'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='ef524ea1b91e73173d938ade36c1db32'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"int"'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='3f2b87a9fe7cc9b13835598c3981cd45e3e355309e5090aa0933d7becb6fba45'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "int"}'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='8f5c393f1ad57572'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "int"}'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='ef524ea1b91e73173d938ade36c1db32'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "int"}'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='3f2b87a9fe7cc9b13835598c3981cd45e3e355309e5090aa0933d7becb6fba45'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"float"'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='90d7a83ecb027c4d'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"float"'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='50a6b9db85da367a6d2df400a41758a6'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"float"'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='1e71f9ec051d663f56b0d8e1fc84d71aa56ccfe9fa93aa20d10547a7abeb5cc0'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "float"}'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='90d7a83ecb027c4d'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "float"}'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='50a6b9db85da367a6d2df400a41758a6'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "float"}'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='1e71f9ec051d663f56b0d8e1fc84d71aa56ccfe9fa93aa20d10547a7abeb5cc0'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -617,7 +617,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"long"'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='b71df49344e154d0'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"long"'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='e1dd9a1ef98b451b53690370b393966b'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"long"'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='c32c497df6730c97fa07362aa5023f37d49a027ec452360778114cf427965add'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "long"}'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='b71df49344e154d0'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "long"}'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='e1dd9a1ef98b451b53690370b393966b'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "long"}'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='c32c497df6730c97fa07362aa5023f37d49a027ec452360778114cf427965add'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"double"'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='7e95ab32c035758e'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"double"'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='bfc71a62f38b99d6a93690deeb4b3af6'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"double"'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='730a9a8c611681d7eef442e03c16c70d13bca3eb8b977bb403eaff52176af254'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -707,7 +707,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "double"}'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='7e95ab32c035758e'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "double"}'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='bfc71a62f38b99d6a93690deeb4b3af6'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "double"}'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='730a9a8c611681d7eef442e03c16c70d13bca3eb8b977bb403eaff52176af254'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"bytes"'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='651920c3da16c04f'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"bytes"'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='b462f06cb909be57c85008867784cde6'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -757,7 +757,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"bytes"'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='9ae507a9dd39ee5b7c7e285da2c0846521c8ae8d80feeae5504e0c981d53f5fa'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "bytes"}'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='651920c3da16c04f'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "bytes"}'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='b462f06cb909be57c85008867784cde6'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -787,7 +787,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "bytes"}'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='9ae507a9dd39ee5b7c7e285da2c0846521c8ae8d80feeae5504e0c981d53f5fa'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"string"'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='c70345637248018f'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"string"'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='095d71cf12556b9d5e330ad575b3df5d'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"string"'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='e9e5c1c9e4f6277339d1bcde0733a59bd42f8731f449da6dc13010a916930d48'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "string"}'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='c70345637248018f'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "string"}'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='095d71cf12556b9d5e330ad575b3df5d'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -847,7 +847,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "string"}'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='e9e5c1c9e4f6277339d1bcde0733a59bd42f8731f449da6dc13010a916930d48'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"boolean"'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='64f7d4a478fc429f'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"boolean"'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='01f692b30d4a1c8a3e600b1440637f8f'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"boolean"'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='a5b031ab62bc416d720c0410d802ea46b910c4fbe85c50a946ccc658b74e677e'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "boolean"}'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='64f7d4a478fc429f'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -897,7 +897,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "boolean"}'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='01f692b30d4a1c8a3e600b1440637f8f'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "boolean"}'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='a5b031ab62bc416d720c0410d802ea46b910c4fbe85c50a946ccc658b74e677e'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"null"'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='8a8f25cce724dd63'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -927,7 +927,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"null"'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='9b41ef67651c18488a8b08bb67c75699'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -937,7 +937,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='"null"'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='f072cbec3bf8841871d4284230c5e983dc211a56837aed862487148f947d1a1f'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "null"}'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='8a8f25cce724dd63'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -957,7 +957,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "null"}'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='9b41ef67651c18488a8b08bb67c75699'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "null"}'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='f072cbec3bf8841871d4284230c5e983dc211a56837aed862487148f947d1a1f'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "fixed", "name": "Test", "size": 1}'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='6869897b4049355b'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "fixed", "name": "Test", "size": 1}'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='db01bc515fcfcd2d4be82ed385288261'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "fixed", "name": "Test", "size": 1}'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='f527116a6f44455697e935afc31dc60ad0f95caf35e1d9c9db62edb3ffeb9170'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1014,7 +1014,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='fadbd138e85bdf45'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='d74b3726484422711c465d49e857b1ba'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='28e493a44771cecc5deca4bd938cdc3d5a24cfe1f3760bc938fa1057df6334fc'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='03a2f2c2e27f7a16'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='d883f2a9b16ed085fcc5e4ca6c8f6ed1'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "enum", "name": "Test", "symbols": ["A", "B"]}'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='9b51286144f87ce5aebdc61ca834379effa5a41ce6ac0938630ff246297caca8'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "array", "items": "long"}'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='715e2ea28bc91654'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1098,7 +1098,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "array", "items": "long"}'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='c1c387e8d6a58f0df749b698991b1f43'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "array", "items": "long"}'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='f78e954167feb23dcb1ce01e8463cebf3408e0a4259e16f24bd38f6d0f1d578b'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='10d9ade1fa3a0387'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1138,7 +1138,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='cfc7b861c7cfef082a6ef082948893fa'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='0d8edd49d7f7e9553668f133577bc99f842852b55d9f84f1f7511e4961aa685c'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "map", "values": "long"}'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='6f74f4e409b1334e'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "map", "values": "long"}'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='32b3f1a3177a0e73017920f00448b56e'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -1183,7 +1183,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "map", "values": "long"}'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='b8fad07d458971a07692206b8a7cf626c86c62fe6bcff7c1b11bc7295de34853'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='df2ab0626f6b812d'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1213,7 +1213,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='c588da6ba99701c41e73fd30d23f994e'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -1228,7 +1228,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='3886747ed1669a8af476b549e97b34222afb2fed5f18bb27c6f367ea0351a576'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='["string", "null", "long"]'
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='65a5be410d687566'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='["string", "null", "long"]'
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='b11cf95f0a55dd55f9ee515a37bf937a'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='["string", "null", "long"]'
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='ed8d254116441bb35e237ad0563cf5432b8c975334bd222c1ee84609435d95bb'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='ed94e5f5e6eb588e'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='69531a03db788afe353244cd049b1e6d'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='9670f15a8f96d23e92830d00b8bd57275e02e3e173ffef7c253c170b6beabeb8'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1322,7 +1322,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='ed94e5f5e6eb588e'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1338,7 +1338,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='69531a03db788afe353244cd049b1e6d'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -1354,7 +1354,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='9670f15a8f96d23e92830d00b8bd57275e02e3e173ffef7c253c170b6beabeb8'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1373,7 +1373,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='52cba544c3e756b7'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1392,7 +1392,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='99625b0cc02050363e89ef66b0f406c9'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -1411,7 +1411,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='65d80dc8c95c98a9671d92cf0415edfabfee2cb058df2138606656cd6ae4dc59'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1439,7 +1439,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='68d91a23eda0b306'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1467,7 +1467,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='9e1d0d15b52789fcb8e3a88b53059d5f'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -1495,7 +1495,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='e5ce4f4a15ce19fa1047cfe16a3b0e13a755db40f00f23284fdd376fc1c7dd21'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1523,7 +1523,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='b96ad79e5a7c5757'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1551,7 +1551,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='4c822af2e17eecd92422827eede97f5b'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='2b2f7a9b22991fe0df9134cb6b5ff7355343e797aaea337e0150e20f3a35800e'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1612,7 +1612,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='00feee01de4ea50e'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1645,7 +1645,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='afe529d01132daab7f4e2a6663e7a2f5'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -1678,7 +1678,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='a303cbbfe13958f880605d70c521a4b7be34d9265ac5a848f25916a67b11d889'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1735,7 +1735,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='e82c0a93a6a0b5a4'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1792,7 +1792,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='994fea1a1be7ff8603cbe40c3bc7e4ca'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -1849,7 +1849,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='cccfd6e3f917cf53b0f90c206342e6703b0d905071f724a1c1f85b731c74058d'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1871,7 +1871,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='8d961b4e298a1844'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1893,7 +1893,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='45d85c69b353a99b93d7c4f2fcf0c30d'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -1915,7 +1915,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='6f6fc8f685a4f07d99734946565d63108806d55a8620febea047cf52cb0ac181'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1932,7 +1932,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='0e6660f02bcdc109'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1949,7 +1949,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='f2da75f5131f5ab80629538287b8beb2'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -1966,7 +1966,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='0b3644f7aa5ca2fc4bad93ca2d3609c12aa9dbda9c15e68b34c120beff08e7b9'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -1978,7 +1978,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='CRC-64-AVRO'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='03a2f2c2e27f7a16'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(16)
@@ -1990,7 +1990,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='md5'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='d883f2a9b16ed085fcc5e4ca6c8f6ed1'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -2002,7 +2002,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     algorithm='sha256'
     expected_hex_fingerprint='9b51286144f87ce5aebdc61ca834379effa5a41ce6ac0938630ff246297caca8'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
@@ -2012,7 +2012,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "int"}'
     algorithm='MD5'  # Java compatible name alias
     expected_hex_fingerprint='ef524ea1b91e73173d938ade36c1db32'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(32)
@@ -2022,7 +2022,7 @@ class TestSchemaFingerprinting(unittest.TestCase):
     schema='{"type": "int"}'
     algorithm='SHA-256'  # Java compatible name alias
     expected_hex_fingerprint='3f2b87a9fe7cc9b13835598c3981cd45e3e355309e5090aa0933d7becb6fba45'
-    pre_schema = Parse(schema)
+    pre_schema = parse(schema)
     normal_form = ToParsingCanonicalForm(pre_schema)
     fingerprint = Fingerprint(normal_form, algorithm)
     actual_hex_fingerprint = "".join(format(b, "02x") for b in fingerprint).zfill(64)
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_protocol.py b/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_protocol.py
index 7dabd59..d372973 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_protocol.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_protocol.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ Test the protocol parsing logic.
 import logging
 import traceback
 import unittest
+import unittest.mock
 
 from avro import protocol
 
@@ -399,6 +400,12 @@ VALID_EXAMPLES = [e for e in EXAMPLES if e.valid]
 
 class TestProtocol(unittest.TestCase):
 
+  @unittest.mock.patch('avro.protocol.warnings.warn')
+  def test_Parse_is_deprecated(self, warn):
+    """Capital-P Parse is deprecated."""
+    protocol.Parse(HELLO_WORLD.protocol_string)
+    self.assertEqual(warn.call_count, 1)
+
   def testParse(self):
     correct = 0
     for iexample, example in enumerate(EXAMPLES):
@@ -406,7 +413,7 @@ class TestProtocol(unittest.TestCase):
           'Parsing protocol #%d:\n%s',
           iexample, example.protocol_string)
       try:
-        parsed = protocol.Parse(example.protocol_string)
+        parsed = protocol.parse(example.protocol_string)
         if example.valid:
           correct += 1
         else:
@@ -431,13 +438,13 @@ class TestProtocol(unittest.TestCase):
       % (correct, len(EXAMPLES)))
 
   def testInnerNamespaceSet(self):
-    proto = protocol.Parse(HELLO_WORLD.protocol_string)
+    proto = protocol.parse(HELLO_WORLD.protocol_string)
     self.assertEqual(proto.namespace, 'com.acme')
     greeting_type = proto.type_map['com.acme.Greeting']
     self.assertEqual(greeting_type.namespace, 'com.acme')
 
   def testInnerNamespaceNotRendered(self):
-    proto = protocol.Parse(HELLO_WORLD.protocol_string)
+    proto = protocol.parse(HELLO_WORLD.protocol_string)
     self.assertEqual('com.acme.Greeting', proto.types[0].fullname)
     self.assertEqual('Greeting', proto.types[0].name)
     # but there shouldn't be 'namespace' rendered to json on the inner type
@@ -450,9 +457,9 @@ class TestProtocol(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     num_correct = 0
     for example in VALID_EXAMPLES:
-      proto = protocol.Parse(example.protocol_string)
+      proto = protocol.parse(example.protocol_string)
       try:
-        protocol.Parse(str(proto))
+        protocol.parse(str(proto))
       except ProtocolParseException:
         logging.debug('Failed to reparse protocol:\n%s',
                       example.protocol_string)
@@ -460,7 +467,6 @@ class TestProtocol(unittest.TestCase):
       logging.debug('Successfully reparsed protocol:\n%s',
                     example.protocol_string)
       num_correct += 1
-
     fail_msg = (
       'Cast to string success on %d out of %d protocols'
       % (num_correct, len(VALID_EXAMPLES)))
@@ -475,8 +481,8 @@ class TestProtocol(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     num_correct = 0
     for example in VALID_EXAMPLES:
-      original_protocol = protocol.Parse(example.protocol_string)
-      round_trip_protocol = protocol.Parse(str(original_protocol))
+      original_protocol = protocol.parse(example.protocol_string)
+      round_trip_protocol = protocol.parse(str(original_protocol))
 
       if original_protocol == round_trip_protocol:
         num_correct += 1
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_schema.py b/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_schema.py
index 8acdfa4..dc16513 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_schema.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_schema.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ Test the schema parsing logic.
 import logging
 import traceback
 import unittest
+import unittest.mock
 
 from avro import schema
 
@@ -450,7 +451,7 @@ VALID_EXAMPLES = [e for e in EXAMPLES if e.valid]
 class TestSchema(unittest.TestCase):
 
   def testCorrectRecursiveExtraction(self):
-    parsed = schema.Parse("""
+    parsed = schema.parse("""
       {
         "type": "record",
         "name": "X",
@@ -466,7 +467,7 @@ class TestSchema(unittest.TestCase):
     """)
     logging.debug('Parsed schema:\n%s', parsed)
     logging.debug('Fields: %s', parsed.fields)
-    t = schema.Parse(str(parsed.fields[0].type))
+    t = schema.parse(str(parsed.fields[0].type))
     # If we've made it this far, the subschema was reasonably stringified;
     # it could be reparsed.
     self.assertEqual("X", t.fields[0].type.name)
@@ -480,16 +481,22 @@ class TestSchema(unittest.TestCase):
       '{"type": "map", "values": "int"}',
       '["null", "int"]',
     ]
-    for case in (schema.Parse(case) for case in cases):
+    for case in (schema.parse(case) for case in cases):
       self.assertRaises(AttributeError, lambda: case.name)
       self.assertEqual(getattr(case, "name", "default"), "default")
 
-  def testParse(self):
+  @unittest.mock.patch('avro.schema.warnings.warn')
+  def test_Parse_is_deprecated(self, warn):
+    """Capital-P Parse is deprecated."""
+    schema.Parse(PRIMITIVE_EXAMPLES[0].schema_string)
+    self.assertEqual(warn.call_count, 1)
+
+  def test_parse(self):
     correct = 0
     for iexample, example in enumerate(EXAMPLES):
       logging.debug('Testing example #%d\n%s', iexample, example.schema_string)
       try:
-        schema.Parse(example.schema_string)
+        schema.parse(example.schema_string)
         if example.valid:
           correct += 1
         else:
@@ -520,8 +527,8 @@ class TestSchema(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     correct = 0
     for example in VALID_EXAMPLES:
-      schema_data = schema.Parse(example.schema_string)
-      schema.Parse(str(schema_data))
+      schema_data = schema.parse(example.schema_string)
+      schema.parse(str(schema_data))
       correct += 1
 
     fail_msg = "Cast to string success on %d out of %d schemas" % \
@@ -537,8 +544,8 @@ class TestSchema(unittest.TestCase):
     """
     correct = 0
     for example in VALID_EXAMPLES:
-      original_schema = schema.Parse(example.schema_string)
-      round_trip_schema = schema.Parse(str(original_schema))
+      original_schema = schema.parse(example.schema_string)
+      round_trip_schema = schema.parse(str(original_schema))
       if original_schema == round_trip_schema:
         correct += 1
         debug_msg = "%s: ROUND TRIP SUCCESS" % example.name
@@ -592,7 +599,7 @@ class TestSchema(unittest.TestCase):
   def testDocAttributes(self):
     correct = 0
     for example in DOC_EXAMPLES:
-      original_schema = schema.Parse(example.schema_string)
+      original_schema = schema.parse(example.schema_string)
       if original_schema.doc is not None:
         correct += 1
       if original_schema.type == 'record':
@@ -607,8 +614,8 @@ class TestSchema(unittest.TestCase):
     correct = 0
     props = {}
     for example in OTHER_PROP_EXAMPLES:
-      original_schema = schema.Parse(example.schema_string)
-      round_trip_schema = schema.Parse(str(original_schema))
+      original_schema = schema.parse(example.schema_string)
+      round_trip_schema = schema.parse(str(original_schema))
       self.assertEqual(original_schema.other_props,round_trip_schema.other_props)
       if original_schema.type == "record":
         field_props = 0
@@ -641,7 +648,7 @@ class TestSchema(unittest.TestCase):
       "fields": [{"name": "foo", "type": "int"}, {"name": "foo", "type": "string"}]
     }"""
     with self.assertRaises(schema.SchemaParseException) as e:
-      schema.Parse(schema_string)
+      schema.parse(schema_string)
     self.assertRegex(str(e.exception), 'Duplicate.*field name.*foo')
 
 
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_script.py b/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_script.py
index 647d346..4d317dd 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_script.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/tests/test_script.py
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class TestCat(unittest.TestCase):
 
   @staticmethod
   def WriteAvroFile(file_path):
-    schema = avro.schema.Parse(SCHEMA)
+    schema = avro.schema.parse(SCHEMA)
     with open(file_path, 'wb') as writer:
       with avro.datafile.DataFileWriter(
           writer=writer,
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/tests/txsample_http_client.py b/lang/py3/avro/tests/txsample_http_client.py
index f3e573a..a536aa8 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/tests/txsample_http_client.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/tests/txsample_http_client.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ MAIL_PROTOCOL_JSON = """\
  }
 }
 """
-MAIL_PROTOCOL = protocol.Parse(MAIL_PROTOCOL_JSON)
+MAIL_PROTOCOL = protocol.parse(MAIL_PROTOCOL_JSON)
 SERVER_HOST = 'localhost'
 SERVER_PORT = 9090
 
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/tests/txsample_http_server.py b/lang/py3/avro/tests/txsample_http_server.py
index c85f42a..beb1267 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/tests/txsample_http_server.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/tests/txsample_http_server.py
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ MAIL_PROTOCOL_JSON = """\
  }
 }
 """
-MAIL_PROTOCOL = protocol.Parse(MAIL_PROTOCOL_JSON)
+MAIL_PROTOCOL = protocol.parse(MAIL_PROTOCOL_JSON)
 SERVER_ADDRESS = ('localhost', 9090)
 
 class MailResponder(ipc.Responder):
diff --git a/lang/py3/avro/tool.py b/lang/py3/avro/tool.py
index 36b996b..e3674b2 100644
--- a/lang/py3/avro/tool.py
+++ b/lang/py3/avro/tool.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ from avro import datafile, io, ipc, protocol
 class GenericResponder(ipc.Responder):
   def __init__(self, proto, msg, datum):
     proto_json = open(proto, 'r').read()
-    ipc.Responder.__init__(self, protocol.Parse(proto_json))
+    ipc.Responder.__init__(self, protocol.parse(proto_json))
     self.msg = msg
     self.datum = datum
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ def send_message(uri, proto, msg, datum):
   url_obj = urllib.parse.urlparse(uri)
   client = ipc.HTTPTransceiver(url_obj.hostname, url_obj.port)
   proto_json = open(proto, 'r').read()
-  requestor = ipc.Requestor(protocol.Parse(proto_json), client)
+  requestor = ipc.Requestor(protocol.parse(proto_json), client)
   print(requestor.Request(msg, datum))
 
 def file_or_stdin(f):
diff --git a/lang/py3/scripts/avro b/lang/py3/scripts/avro
index 61d6a4f..23daac8 100755
--- a/lang/py3/scripts/avro
+++ b/lang/py3/scripts/avro
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ def write(opts, files):
   try:
     with open(opts.schema, 'rt') as f:
       json_schema = f.read()
-    writer_schema = schema.Parse(json_schema)
+    writer_schema = schema.parse(json_schema)
     out = _open(opts.output, 'wb')
   except (IOError, OSError) as e:
     raise AvroError('Cannot open file - %s' % e)