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Posted to commits@karaf.apache.org by jb...@apache.org on 2016/04/28 17:03:12 UTC
svn commit: r1741445 [18/42] - in /karaf/site/production/manual/latest: ./
commands/ developer-guide/ images/ user-guide/
Added: karaf/site/production/manual/latest/index.html
URL: http://svn.apache.org/viewvc/karaf/site/production/manual/latest/index.html?rev=1741445&view=auto
==============================================================================
--- karaf/site/production/manual/latest/index.html (added)
+++ karaf/site/production/manual/latest/index.html Thu Apr 28 15:03:08 2016
@@ -0,0 +1,18098 @@
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+<body class="article toc2 toc-left">
+<div id="header">
+<h1>Apache Karaf Container 4.x - Documentation</h1>
+<div class="details">
+<span id="author" class="author">Apache Software Foundation</span><br>
+</div>
+<div id="toc" class="toc2">
+<div id="toctitle">Apache Karaf Container 4.x - Documentation</div>
+<ul class="sectlevel1">
+<li><a href="#_overview">1. Overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_quick_start">2. Quick Start</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel2">
+<li><a href="#_prerequisites">2.1. Prerequisites</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_start_the_server">2.2. Start the server</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_shell_console_basics">2.3. Shell console basics</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_deploy_a_sample_application">2.4. Deploy a sample application</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_stopping_and_uninstalling_the_sample_application">2.5. Stopping and uninstalling the sample application</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_stopping_karaf">2.6. Stopping Karaf</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_cleaning_the_karaf_state">2.7. Cleaning the Karaf state</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_summary">2.8. Summary</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_update_notes_from_karaf_3_x_to_4_x_versions">3. Update Notes (from Karaf 3.x to 4.x versions)</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel2">
+<li><a href="#_distributions">3.1. Distributions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_commands">3.2. Commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_features_repositories">3.3. Features repositories</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_features_resolver">3.4. Features resolver</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_namespaces">3.5. Namespaces</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_maven_plugin">3.6. Maven plugin</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_update_guide">3.7. Update guide</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_user_guide">4. User Guide</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel2">
+<li><a href="#_installation">4.1. Installation</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_requirements">4.1.1. Requirements</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_using_apache_karaf_binary_distributions">4.1.2. Using Apache Karaf binary distributions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_post_installation_steps">4.1.3. Post-Installation steps</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_building_from_sources">4.1.4. Building from Sources</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_directory_structure">4.2. Directory structure</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_start_stop_restart_connect">4.3. Start, stop, restart, connect</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_start">4.3.1. Start</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_stop">4.3.2. Stop</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_status">4.3.3. Status</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_restart">4.3.4. Restart</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_systemmbean">4.3.5. SystemMBean</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_integration_in_the_operating_system_the_service_wrapper">4.4. Integration in the operating system: the Service Wrapper</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_supported_platforms">4.4.1. Supported platforms</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_installation_2">4.4.2. Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_installation_3">4.4.3. Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_uninstall">4.4.4. Uninstall</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_note_for_macos_users">4.4.5. Note for MacOS users</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_configuration">4.4.6. Configuration</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_using_the_console">4.5. Using the console</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_available_commands">4.5.1. Available commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_subshell_and_completion_mode">4.5.2. Subshell and completion mode</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_unix_like_environment">4.5.3. Unix like environment</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_security">4.5.4. Security</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_remote">4.6. Remote</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_sshd_server">4.6.1. SSHd server</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_jmx_mbeanserver">4.6.2. JMX MBeanServer</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_log">4.7. Log</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_configuration_files">4.7.1. Configuration files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_log4j_v2_support">4.7.2. Log4j v2 support</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_commands_2">4.7.3. Commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_jmx_logmbean">4.7.4. JMX LogMBean</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_advanced_configuration">4.7.5. Advanced configuration</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_configuration_3">4.8. Configuration</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_files">4.8.1. Files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#__code_config_code_commands">4.8.2. <code>config:*</code> commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_jmx_configmbean">4.8.3. JMX ConfigMBean</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_artifacts_repositories_and_urls">4.9. Artifacts repositories and URLs</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_maven_url_handler">4.9.1. Maven URL Handler</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_provisioning">4.10. Provisioning</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_application">4.10.1. Application</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_osgi">4.10.2. OSGi</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_feature_and_resolver">4.10.3. Feature and resolver</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_features_repositories_2">4.10.4. Features repositories</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_boot_features">4.10.5. Boot features</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_features_upgrade">4.10.6. Features upgrade</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_feature_bundles">4.10.7. Feature bundles</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_dependent_features">4.10.8. Dependent features</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_feature_configurations">4.10.9. Feature configurations</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_feature_configuration_files">4.10.10. Feature configuration files</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_commands_3">4.10.11. Commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_deployer">4.10.12. Deployer</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_jmx_featurembean">4.10.13. JMX FeatureMBean</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_deployers">4.11. Deployers</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_blueprint_deployer">4.11.1. Blueprint deployer</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_spring_deployer">4.11.2. Spring deployer</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_features_deployer">4.11.3. Features deployer</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_kar_deployer">4.11.4. KAR deployer</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_war_deployer">4.11.5. War deployer</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_wrap_deployer">4.11.6. Wrap deployer</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_kar">4.12. KAR</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_maven">4.12.1. Maven</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_commands_4">4.12.2. Commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_deployer_2">4.12.3. Deployer</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_jmx_karmbean">4.12.4. JMX KarMBean</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_instances">4.13. Instances</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_using_the_instance_commands">4.13.1. Using the instance commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_instance_script">4.13.2. Instance script</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_jmx_instancembean">4.13.3. JMX InstanceMBean</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_security_2">4.14. Security</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_realms">4.14.1. Realms</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_users_groups_roles_and_passwords">4.14.2. Users, groups, roles, and passwords</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_passwords_encryption">4.14.3. Passwords encryption</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_managing_authentication_by_key">4.14.4. Managing authentication by key</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_rbac">4.14.5. RBAC</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_securitymbean">4.14.6. SecurityMBean</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_security_providers">4.14.7. Security providers</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_obr">4.15. OBR</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_features_obr_resolver">4.15.1. Features OBR resolver</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_commands_6">4.15.2. Commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#__code_obr_start_code">4.15.3. <code>obr:start</code></a></li>
+<li><a href="#_jmx_obrmbean">4.15.4. JMX ObrMBean</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_apache_karaf_cave">4.15.5. Apache Karaf Cave</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_enterprise">4.16. Enterprise</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_http_service">4.16.1. Http Service</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_webcontainer_jsp_servlet">4.16.2. WebContainer (JSP/Servlet)</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_naming_jndi">4.16.3. Naming (JNDI)</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_transaction_jta">4.16.4. Transaction (JTA)</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_datasources_jdbc">4.16.5. DataSources (JDBC)</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_jms">4.16.6. JMS</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_persistence_jpa">4.16.7. Persistence (JPA)</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_ejb">4.16.8. EJB</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_cdi">4.16.9. CDI</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_ha_failover_and_cluster">4.16.10. HA/failover and cluster</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_monitoring_and_management_using_jmx">4.17. Monitoring and Management using JMX</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_connecting">4.17.1. Connecting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_configuration_6">4.17.2. Configuration</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_mbeans">4.17.3. MBeans</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_rbac_2">4.17.4. RBAC</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_jmx_http_bridge_with_jolokia">4.17.5. JMX-HTTP bridge with Jolokia</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_apache_karaf_decanter">4.17.6. Apache Karaf Decanter</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_webconsole_2">4.18. WebConsole</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_installation_4">4.18.1. Installation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_access">4.18.2. Access</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_tuning">4.19. Tuning</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_garbage_collection">4.19.1. Garbage Collection</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_threads">4.19.2. Threads</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_system_packages">4.19.3. System packages</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_developer_guide">5. Developer Guide</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel2">
+<li><a href="#_developer_commands">5.1. Developer commands</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_dump">5.1.1. Dump</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_diagnostic">5.1.2. Diagnostic</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_dynamic_import">5.1.3. Dynamic import</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_osgi_framework">5.1.4. OSGi framework</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_stack_traces_printout">5.1.5. Stack traces printout</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_bundle_tree">5.1.6. Bundle tree</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_watch">5.1.7. Watch</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_scripting_2">5.2. Scripting</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_assignation">5.2.1. Assignation</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_expressions">5.2.2. Expressions</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_list_maps_pipes_and_closures">5.2.3. List, maps, pipes and closures</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_startup">5.2.4. Startup</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_constants_and_variables">5.2.5. Constants and variables</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_built_in_variables_and_commands">5.2.6. Built-in variables and commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_leveraging_existing_java_capabilities_via_reflection">5.2.7. Leveraging existing Java capabilities (via reflection)</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_examples">5.2.8. Examples</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_programmatically_connect">5.3. Programmatically connect</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_to_the_console">5.3.1. To the console</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_to_the_management_layer">5.3.2. To the management layer</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_branding">5.4. Branding</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_console_2">5.4.1. Console</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_adding_a_branding_properties_file_to_etc">5.4.2. Adding a branding.properties file to etc</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_branding_bundle">5.4.3. Branding bundle</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_installing_the_branding_bundle">5.4.4. Installing the branding bundle</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_webconsole_3">5.4.5. WebConsole</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_extending">5.5. Extending</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_console_3">5.5.1. Console</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_webconsole_4">5.5.2. WebConsole</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_using_the_karaf_maven_plugin">5.6. Using the karaf-maven-plugin</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_packaging">5.6.1. Packaging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_commands_goals">5.6.2. Commands goals</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_features_and_kar_goals">5.6.3. Features and kar goals</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_instances_and_distributions_goals">5.6.4. Instances and distributions goals</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_run_client_deploy_goals">5.6.5. Run, client, deploy goals</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_custom_distributions">5.7. Custom distributions</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_maven_assembly">5.7.1. Maven assembly</a></li>
+<li><a href="#__deprecated_old_style_maven_assembly">5.7.2. (deprecated old style) Maven assembly</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_osgi_services_2">5.8. OSGi Services</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_basic_bundle_creation_using_the_felix_maven_bundle_plugin">5.9. Basic bundle creation using the Felix maven-bundle-plugin</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_add_extended_information_to_bundles">5.9.1. Add extended information to bundles</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_wiki_syntax">5.9.2. Wiki Syntax</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_creating_bundles_for_non_osgi_third_party_dependencies">5.10. Creating bundles for non OSGi third party dependencies</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_dynamically_wrapping_jars">5.10.1. Dynamically wrapping jars</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_statically_bundling_jars">5.10.2. Statically bundling jars</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_blueprint">5.11. Blueprint</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_declarative_service_ds">5.12. Declarative Service (DS)</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_cdi_2">5.13. CDI</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_archetypes">5.14. Archetypes</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_create_a_command_karaf_command_archetype">5.14.1. Create a command (karaf-command-archetype)</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_create_an_osgi_bundle_karaf_bundle_archetype">5.14.2. Create an OSGi bundle (karaf-bundle-archetype)</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_create_an_osgi_blueprint_bundle_karaf_blueprint_archetype">5.14.3. Create an OSGi blueprint bundle (karaf-blueprint-archetype)</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_create_a_features_xml_karaf_feature_archetype">5.14.4. Create a features XML (karaf-feature-archetype)</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_create_a_kar_file_karaf_kar_archetype">5.14.5. Create a KAR file (karaf-kar-archetype)</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_security_framework">5.15. Security framework</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_overview_2">5.15.1. Overview</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_schema">5.15.2. Schema</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_architecture">5.15.3. Architecture</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_available_realm_and_login_modules">5.15.4. Available realm and login modules</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_encryption_service">5.15.5. Encryption service</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_role_discovery_policies">5.15.6. Role discovery policies</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_default_role_policies">5.15.7. Default role policies</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_troubleshooting_debugging_profiling_and_monitoring">5.16. Troubleshooting, Debugging, Profiling, and Monitoring</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_troubleshooting">5.16.1. Troubleshooting</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_debugging">5.16.2. Debugging</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_profiling">5.16.3. Profiling</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_monitoring">5.16.4. Monitoring</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_writing_integration_tests">5.17. Writing integration tests</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_introduction">5.17.1. Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_commands_11">5.17.2. Commands</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_driver">5.17.3. Driver</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a href="#_github_contributions">5.18. Github Contributions</a>
+<ul class="sectlevel3">
+<li><a href="#_introduction_2">5.18.1. Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_suggested_workflow">5.18.2. Suggested Workflow</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_license_reminder">5.18.3. License Reminder</a></li>
+<li><a href="#_how_to_generate_a_one_file_patch_via_throw_away_branch">5.18.4. How to Generate a One-File-Patch Via Throw-Away Branch</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="content">
+<div class="sect1">
+<h2 id="_overview">1. Overview</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Apache Karaf is a modern and polymorphic container.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Karaf can be used standalone as a container, supporting a wide range of applications and technologies.
+It also supports the "run anywhere" (on any machine with Java, cloud, docker images, …​) using the embedded mode.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>It’s a lightweight, powerful, and enterprise ready platform.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>With this flexibility, Karaf is the perfect solution for microservices, systems integration, big data, and much more.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Apache Karaf is powered by OSGi (but you don’t need to know what OSGi is to use Karaf).</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Apache Karaf uses either the Apache Felix or Eclipse Equinox OSGi frameworks, providing additional features on top of the framework.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Apache Karaf can be scaled from a very lightweight container to a fully featured enterprise service: it’s a very flexible and extensible container, covering all the major needs.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Here is a short list of provided features:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><strong>Hot deployment</strong>: simply drop a file in the <code>deploy</code> directory, Apache Karaf will detect the type of the file and
+try to deploy it.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><strong>Complete Console</strong>: Apache Karaf provides a complete Unix-like console where you can completely manage the container.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><strong>Dynamic Configuration</strong>: Apache Karaf provides a set of commands focused on managing its own configuration.
+All configuration files are centralized in the <code>etc</code> folder. Any change in a configuration file is noticed and reloaded.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><strong>Advanced Logging System</strong>: Apache Karaf supports all the popular logging frameworks (slf4j, log4j, etc). Whichever
+logging framework you use, Apache Karaf centralizes the configuration in one file.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><strong>Provisioning</strong>: Apache Karaf supports a large set of URLs where you can install your applications (Maven repository, HTTP,
+file, etc). It also provides the concept of "Karaf Features" which is a way to describe your application.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><strong>Management</strong>: Apache Karaf is an enterprise-ready container, providing many management indicators and operations
+via JMX.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><strong>Remote</strong>: Apache Karaf embeds an SSHd server allowing you to use the console remotely. The management layer is also
+accessible remotely.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><strong>Security</strong>: Apache Karaf provides a complete security framework (based on JAAS), and provides a RBAC (Role-Based Access
+Control) mechanism for console and JMX access.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><strong>Instances</strong>: multiple instances of Apache Karaf can be managed directly from a main instance (root).</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><strong>OSGi frameworks</strong>: Apache Karaf is not tightly coupled to one OSGi framework. By default, Apache Karaf runs with the Apache Felix
+Framework, but you can easily switch to Equinox (just change one property in a configuration file).</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="imageblock">
+<div class="content">
+<img src="src/main/asciidoc/images/karaf.png" alt="karaf">
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1">
+<h2 id="_quick_start">2. Quick Start</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>These instructions should help you get Apache Karaf up and running in 5 to 15 minutes.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_prerequisites">2.1. Prerequisites</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Karaf requires a Java SE 7 or Java SE 8 environment to run. Refer to <a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/" class="bare">http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/</a> for details on how to download and install Java SE 1.7 or greater.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Open a Web browser and access the following URL: <a href="http://karaf.apache.org/index/community/download.html" class="bare">http://karaf.apache.org/index/community/download.html</a></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Download the binary distribution that matches your system (zip for windows, tar.gz for unixes)</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Extract the archive to a new folder on your hard drive; for example in c:\karaf - from now on this directory will be referenced as <KARAF_HOME>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_start_the_server">2.2. Start the server</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Open a command line console and change the directory to <KARAF_HOME>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>To start the server, run the following command in Windows:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>bin\karaf.bat</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>respectively on Unix:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>bin/karaf</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>You should see the following information on the command line console:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre> __ __ ____
+ / //_/____ __________ _/ __/
+ / ,< / __ `/ ___/ __ `/ /_
+ / /| |/ /_/ / / / /_/ / __/
+ /_/ |_|\__,_/_/ \__,_/_/
+
+ Apache Karaf (4.0.0)
+
+Hit '<tab>' for a list of available commands
+and '[cmd] --help' for help on a specific command.
+Hit '<ctrl-d>' or type 'system:shutdown' or 'logout' to shutdown Karaf.
+
+karaf@root()></pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_shell_console_basics">2.3. Shell console basics</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>You can now run your first command. Simply type the <code><tab></code> key in the console.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>karaf@root()> Display all 294 possibilities? (y or n)
+...
+shell:logout shell:more shell:new shell:printf shell:sleep shell:sort shell:source
+shell:stack-traces-print shell:tac shell:tail shell:threads shell:watch shell:wc shell:while
+shutdown sleep sort source ssh ssh ssh-host-change
+ssh-port-change ssh:ssh stack-traces-print start start-level status stop
+su sudo system system:framework system:name system:property system:shutdown
+system:start-level system:version tac tail threads tree-show uninstall
+update user-add user-delete user-list version version-list wait
+watch wc while</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>You can then grab more specific help for a given command using the <code>--help</code> option for this command:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>karaf@root()> bundle:list --help
+DESCRIPTION
+ bundle:list
+
+ Lists all installed bundles.
+
+SYNTAX
+ bundle:list [options] [ids]
+
+ARGUMENTS
+ ids
+ The list of bundle (identified by IDs or name or name/version) separated by whitespaces
+
+OPTIONS
+ -t
+ Specifies the bundle threshold; bundles with a start-level less than this value will not get printed out.
+ --no-format
+ Disable table rendered output
+ -s
+ Shows the symbolic name
+ -l
+ Show the locations
+ --no-ellipsis
+
+ --help
+ Display this help message
+ -u
+ Shows the update locations
+ --context, -c
+ Use the given bundle context
+ (defaults to 0)
+ -r
+ Shows the bundle revisions</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Note that the console supports tab completion so if you start typing a command it will show all possible completions and also auto complete if there is only one completion.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_deploy_a_sample_application">2.4. Deploy a sample application</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>While you will learn in the Karaf user’s guide how to fully use and leverage Apache Karaf, let’s install a sample <a href="http://camel.apache.org">Apache Camel</a> application for now:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>In the console, run the following commands:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>karaf@root()> feature:repo-add camel 2.15.2
+Adding feature url mvn:org.apache.camel.karaf/apache-camel/2.15.2/xml/features
+karaf@root()> feature:install camel-spring
+karaf@root()> bundle:install -s mvn:org.apache.camel/camel-example-osgi/2.15.2
+Bundle ID: 82</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>The example installed is using Camel to start a timer every 2 seconds and output a message in the log.
+The previous commands download the Camel features descriptor and install the example feature.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>You can display the log in the shell:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>karaf@root()> log:display
+...
+2015-06-30 13:39:44,731 | INFO | timer://myTimer | ExampleRouter | 53 - org.apache.camel.camel-core - 2.15.2 | Exchange[ExchangePattern: InOnly, BodyType: String, Body: SpringDSL set body: Tue Jun 30 13:39:44 CEST 2015]
+2015-06-30 13:39:46,730 | INFO | timer://myTimer | MyTransform | 82 - camel-example-osgi - 2.15.2 | >>>> SpringDSL set body: Tue Jun 30 13:39:46 CEST 2015
+2015-06-30 13:39:46,731 | INFO | timer://myTimer | ExampleRouter | 53 - org.apache.camel.camel-core - 2.15.2 | Exchange[ExchangePattern: InOnly, BodyType: String, Body: SpringDSL set body: Tue Jun 30 13:39:46 CEST 2015]
+2015-06-30 13:39:48,730 | INFO | timer://myTimer | MyTransform | 82 - camel-example-osgi - 2.15.2 | >>>> SpringDSL set body: Tue Jun 30 13:39:48 CEST 2015
+2015-06-30 13:39:48,730 | INFO | timer://myTimer | ExampleRouter | 53 - org.apache.camel.camel-core - 2.15.2 | Exchange[ExchangePattern: InOnly, BodyType: String, Body: SpringDSL set body: Tue Jun 30 13:39:48 CEST 2015]</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_stopping_and_uninstalling_the_sample_application">2.5. Stopping and uninstalling the sample application</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>To stop and uninstall the demo, run the following command:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>karaf@root()> bundle:stop camel-example-osgi
+karaf@root()> bundle:uninstall camel-example-osgi</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_stopping_karaf">2.6. Stopping Karaf</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>To stop Karaf from the console, enter <code>^D</code> in the console:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>^D</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Alternatively, you can also run the following command:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>karaf@root()> system:shutdown</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>halt is also an alias for system:shutdown:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>karaf@root()> halt</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_cleaning_the_karaf_state">2.7. Cleaning the Karaf state</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Normally Karaf remembers the features and bundles you installed and started. To reset Karaf into a clean state, just delete the data directory when Karaf is not running.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_summary">2.8. Summary</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>This document shows how simple it is to get Apache Karaf up and running and install a simple Apache Camel application.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1">
+<h2 id="_update_notes_from_karaf_3_x_to_4_x_versions">3. Update Notes (from Karaf 3.x to 4.x versions)</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>This section is dedicated to users of previous Apache Karaf version.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonitionblock note">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="icon">
+<div class="title">Note</div>
+</td>
+<td class="content">
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>For the users upgrading from Karaf 2.x, please see the "Update Notes (from 2.x to 3.x)" in the Karaf 3.x
+documentation first.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="admonitionblock note">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="icon">
+<div class="title">Note</div>
+</td>
+<td class="content">
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Karaf 4.x supports Java8.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_distributions">3.1. Distributions</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Apache Karaf 4.x is available as tar.gz and zip archives. The content is the same and works on either Unix or Windows
+platforms.
+The <code>bin</code> folder contains both sh and bat scripts.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_commands">3.2. Commands</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Karaf 4 commands are close to the ones provided in Karaf 3.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>The sub-shell modes are the same (in <code>etc/org.apache.karaf.shell.cfg</code> or using <code>shell:completion</code> command).</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>However, some minor changes have been introduced and new commands available:</p>
+</div>
+<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all spread">
+<colgroup>
+<col style="width: 100%;">
+</colgroup>
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Apache Karaf 4.x</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">feature:requirement-list</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">feature:requirement-add</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">feature:requirement-remove</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">feature:regions</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">feature:start</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">feature:stop</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">jaas:group-create</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">jaas:group-add</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">jaas:group-delete</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">jaas:group-list</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">jaas:group-role-add</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">jaas:group-role-delete</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">jaas:su</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">jaas:sudo</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">shell:edit</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">shell:env</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">shell:less</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">shell:stack-traces-print</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">shell:threads</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">shell:while</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">log:list</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bundle:capabilities</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bundle:diag</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bundle:id</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bundle:load-test</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bundle:requirements</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">bundle:resolve</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">system:name</p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>We encourage the users to use the <code>--help</code> option to check the name and type of arguments and options.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>In term of development, you can still use the blueprint definition as you do in Karaf 2.x & 3.x (with the corresponding annotations).</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>However, in Karaf 4.x, you can use DS and new annotations and avoid the usage of a blueprint XML.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>The new annotations are available: @Service, @Completion, @Parsing, @Reference. It allows you to complete define the command
+in the command class directly.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>To simplify the generation of the code and OSGi headers, Karaf 4.x provides the karaf-services-maven-plugin (in org.apache.karaf.tooling Maven groupId).</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Take a look in the developer guide for the command development "new style" details.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_features_repositories">3.3. Features repositories</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Karaf 4.x provides:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><code>mvn:org.apache.karaf.features/enterprise/4.0.x/xml/features</code></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>mvn:org.apache.karaf.features/framework/4.0.x/xml/features</code></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>mvn:org.apache.karaf.features/spring/4.0.x/xml/features</code></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>mvn:org.apache.karaf.features/standard/4.0.x/xml/features</code></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>mvn:org.apache.karaf.features/static/4.0.x/xml/features</code></p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_features_resolver">3.4. Features resolver</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Apache Karaf 4.x brings a complete new feature resolver. The purpose is to simplify the features installation and
+lifecycle.
+The new resolver now checks the feature requirements (defined directly in the features XML), and check which bundles
+provides the capabilities to satisfy these requirements.
+It allows Karaf to automatically install bundles required by features.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>For "old style" feature (features XML using namespace from Karaf 2.x or 3.x), this feature is not enabled.
+As soon as you use a "new style" feature (with namespace 1.3.0 used by Karaf 4.x), this feature is enabled.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_namespaces">3.5. Namespaces</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Apache Karaf 4.x brings updated version of the namespaces:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Supported features namespaces:</p>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf-features-1.0.0.xsd</code></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf-features-1.1.0.xsd</code></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf-features-1.2.0.xsd</code></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf-features-1.2.1.xsd</code></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf-features-1.3.0.xsd</code></p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Supported jaas namespaces:</p>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf-jaas-1.0.0.xsd</code></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf-jaas-1.1.0.xsd</code></p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Supported shell namespaces:</p>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf-shell-1.0.0.xsd</code></p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf-shell-1.1.0.xsd</code></p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_maven_plugin">3.6. Maven plugin</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>A cleanup of the goals provided by {{karaf-maven-plugin}} has been done.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Now the provided goals are:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf:archive</code> to create a tar.gz or zip of a Karaf distribution</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf:assembly</code> to create a custom Karaf distribution assembly</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf:kar</code> to create a kar file</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf:verify</code> to verify and validate Karaf features</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf:features-add-to-repository</code> to recursively copy features XML and content into a folder (repository)</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf:features-export-meta-data</code> to extract the metadata from a features XML</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf:features-generate-descriptor</code> to generate a features XML</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf:commands-generate-help</code> to generate help/documentation on the commands</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf:run</code> to run a Karaf container directly from Maven</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf:client</code> to interact with a remote Karaf instance</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>karaf:deploy</code> to deploy an application to a remote Karaf instance</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_update_guide">3.7. Update guide</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>We encourage users to start a fresh Apache Karaf 4.x container.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>If you upgrade an existing container, <code>lib</code> and <code>system</code> folder have to be updated (just an override copy).</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>For the <code>etc</code> folder, a diff is required as some properties changed and new configurations are available.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1">
+<h2 id="_user_guide">4. User Guide</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_installation">4.1. Installation</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Apache Karaf is a lightweight container, very easy to install and administrate, on both Unix and Windows platforms.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="sect3">
+<h4 id="_requirements">4.1.1. Requirements</h4>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p><strong>Hardware:</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>50 MB of free disk space for the Apache Karaf binary distribution.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p><strong>Operating Systems:</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Windows: Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows 2003, Windows Vista, Windows XP SP2, Windows 2000.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Unix: RedHat Enterprise Linux, Debian, SuSE/OpenSuSE, CentOS, Fedora, Ubuntu, MacOS, AIX, HP-UX, Solaris, any Unix platform that supports Java.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p><strong>Environment:</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Java SE 1.7.x or greater (<a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/" class="bare">http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/</a>).</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>The JAVA_HOME environment variable must be set to the directory where the Java runtime is installed,</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect3">
+<h4 id="_using_apache_karaf_binary_distributions">4.1.2. Using Apache Karaf binary distributions</h4>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Apache Karaf is available in two distributions, both as a tar.gz and zip archives.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>The "default" distribution is a "ready to use" distribution, with pre-installed features.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>The "minimal" distribution is like the minimal distributions that you can find for most of Unix distributions.
+Only the core layer is packaged, most of the features and bundles are downloaded from Internet at bootstrap.
+It means that Apache Karaf minimal distribution requires an Internet connection to start correctly.
+The features provided by the "minimal" distribution are exactly the same as in the "default" distribution, the difference
+is that the minimal distribution will download the features from Internet.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="sect4">
+<h5 id="_installation_on_windows_platform">Installation on Windows platform</h5>
+<div class="admonitionblock note">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="icon">
+<div class="title">Note</div>
+</td>
+<td class="content">
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>The JAVA_HOME environment variable has to be correctly defined. To accomplish that, press Windows key and Break key together, switch to "Advanced" tab and click on "Environment Variables".</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="olist arabic">
+<ol class="arabic">
+<li>
+<p>From a browser, navigate to <a href="http://karaf.apache.org/index/community/download.html" class="bare">http://karaf.apache.org/index/community/download.html</a>.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Download Apache Karaf binary distribution in the zip format: <code>apache-karaf-4.0.0.zip</code>.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Extract the files from the zip file into a directory of your choice (it’s the <code>KARAF_HOME</code>.</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+<div class="admonitionblock note">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="icon">
+<div class="title">Note</div>
+</td>
+<td class="content">
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Remember the restrictions concerning illegal characters in Java paths, e.g. \!, % etc.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="admonitionblock note">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="icon">
+<div class="title">Note</div>
+</td>
+<td class="content">
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>In case you have to install Karaf into a very deep path or a path containing illegal characters for Java paths, e.g. \!, % etc., you may add a bat file to <em>start -> startup</em> that executes</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>subst S: "C:\your very % problematic path!\KARAF"</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>so your Karaf root directory is S: --- which works for sure and is short to type.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect4">
+<h5 id="_installation_on_unix_platforms">Installation on Unix platforms</h5>
+<div class="admonitionblock note">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="icon">
+<div class="title">Note</div>
+</td>
+<td class="content">
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>The JAVA_HOME environment variable has to be correctly defined. Check the current value using</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>echo $JAVA_HOME</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>If it’s not correct, fix it using:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>export JAVA_HOME=....</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="olist arabic">
+<ol class="arabic">
+<li>
+<p>From a browser, navigate to <a href="http://karaf.apache.org/index/community/download.html" class="bare">http://karaf.apache.org/index/community/download.html</a>.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Download Apache Karaf binary distribution in the tar.gz format: <code>apache-karaf-4.0.0.tar.gz</code>.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Extract the files from the tar.gz file into a directory of your choice (it’s the <code>KARAF_HOME</code>). For example:</p>
+</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>gunzip apache-karaf-4.0.0.tar.gz
+tar xvf apache-karaf-4.0.0.tar</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonitionblock note">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="icon">
+<div class="title">Note</div>
+</td>
+<td class="content">
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Remember the restrictions concerning illegal characters in Java paths, e.g. \!, % etc.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect3">
+<h4 id="_post_installation_steps">4.1.3. Post-Installation steps</h4>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Thought it is not always required, it is strongly advised to set up the <code>JAVA_HOME</code> environment property to point to the JDK you want Apache Karaf to use before starting it.
+This property is used to locate the <code>java</code> executable and should be configured to point to the home directory of the Java SE 7 installation.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>By default, all Apache Karaf files are "gather" in one directory: the <code>KARAF_HOME</code>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>You can define your own directory layout, by using some Karaf environment variables:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><code>KARAF_DATA</code> is the location of the data folder, where Karaf stores temporary files.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>KARAF_ETC</code> is the location of the etc folder, where Karaf stores configuration files.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>KARAF_BASE</code> is the Karaf base folder. By default <code>KARAF_BASE</code> is the same as <code>KARAF_HOME</code>.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect3">
+<h4 id="_building_from_sources">4.1.4. Building from Sources</h4>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>If you intend to build Apache Karaf from the sources, the requirements are a bit different:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p><strong>Hardware:</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>500 MB of free disk space for the Apache Karaf source distributions or SVN checkout, the Maven build and the dependencies Maven downloads.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p><strong>Environment:</strong></p>
+</div>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>Java SE Development Kit 1.7.x or greater (<a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/" class="bare">http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/</a>).</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Apache Maven 3.0.4 or greater (<a href="http://maven.apache.org/download.html" class="bare">http://maven.apache.org/download.html</a>).</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="sect4">
+<h5 id="_building_on_windows_platform">Building on Windows platform</h5>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>You can get the Apache Karaf sources from:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>the sources distribution <code>apache-karaf-4.0.0-src.zip</code> available at <a href="http://karaf.apache.org/index/community/download.html" class="bare">http://karaf.apache.org/index/community/download.html</a>. Extract the files in the directory of your choice.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>by checkout of the git repository:</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>git clone https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/karaf.git karaf</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Use Apache Maven to build Apache Karaf:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>mvn clean install</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonitionblock note">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="icon">
+<div class="title">Note</div>
+</td>
+<td class="content">
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>You can speed up the build by bypassing the unit tests:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>mvn clean install -DskipTests</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Now, you can find the built binary distribution in <code>assemblies\apache-karaf\target\apache-karaf-4.0.0.zip</code>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect4">
+<h5 id="_building_on_unix_platforms">Building on Unix platforms</h5>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>You can get the Apache Karaf sources from:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>the sources distribution <code>apache-karaf-4.0.0-src.tar.gz</code> available at <a href="http://karaf.apache.org/index/community/download.html" class="bare">http://karaf.apache.org/index/community/download.html</a>. Extract the files in the directory of your choice.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>by checkout of the git repository:</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>git clone https://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/karaf.git karaf</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Use Apache Maven to build Apache Karaf:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>mvn clean install</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonitionblock note">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="icon">
+<div class="title">Note</div>
+</td>
+<td class="content">
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>You can speed up the build by bypassing the unit tests:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>mvn clean install -DskipTests</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Now, you can find the built binary distribution in <code>assemblies/apache-karaf/target/apache-karaf-4.0.0.tar.gz</code>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_directory_structure">4.2. Directory structure</h3>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>The directory layout of a Karaf installation is as follows:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><code>/bin</code>: control scripts to start, stop, login, …​</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>/demos</code>: contains some simple Karaf samples</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>/etc</code>: configuration files</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>/data</code>: working directory</p>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><code>/data/cache</code>: OSGi framework bundle cache</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>/data/generated-bundles</code>: temporary folder used by the deployers</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>/data/log</code>: log files</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>/deploy</code>: hot deploy directory</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>/instances</code>: directory containing [instances|instances]</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>/lib</code>: contains libraries</p>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p><code>/lib/boot</code>: contains the systeù libraries used at Karaf bootstrap</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>/lib/endorsed</code>: directory for endorsed libraries</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>/lib/ext</code>: directory for JRE extensions</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p><code>/system</code>: OSGi bundles repository, laid out as a Maven 2 repository</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="admonitionblock note">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="icon">
+<div class="title">Note</div>
+</td>
+<td class="content">
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>The <code>data</code> folder contains all the working and temporary files for Karaf.
+If you want to restart from a clean state, you can wipe out this directory, which has the same effect as
+using the clean option to the Karaf start.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_start_stop_restart_connect">4.3. Start, stop, restart, connect</h3>
+<div class="sect3">
+<h4 id="_start">4.3.1. Start</h4>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Apache Karaf supports different start mode:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="ulist">
+<ul>
+<li>
+<p>the "regular" mode starts Apache Karaf in foreground, including the shell console.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>the "server" mode starts Apache Karaf in foreground, without the shell console.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>the "background" mode starts Apache Karaf in background.</p>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>You can also manage Apache Karaf as a system service (see <a href="wrapper">System Service</a> section).</p>
+</div>
+<div class="sect4">
+<h5 id="_regular_mode">Regular mode</h5>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>The regular mode uses the <code>bin/karaf</code> Unix script (<code>bin\karaf.bat</code> on Windows). It’s the default start process.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>It starts Apache Karaf as a foreground process, and displays the shell console.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>On Unix:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>bin/karaf
+ __ __ ____
+ / //_/____ __________ _/ __/
+ / ,< / __ `/ ___/ __ `/ /_
+ / /| |/ /_/ / / / /_/ / __/
+ /_/ |_|\__,_/_/ \__,_/_/
+
+ Apache Karaf (4.0.0)
+
+Hit '<tab>' for a list of available commands
+and '[cmd] --help' for help on a specific command.
+Hit '<ctrl-d>' or type 'system:shutdown' or 'logout' to shutdown Karaf.
+
+karaf@root()></pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>On Windows:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>bin\karaf.bat
+ __ __ ____
+ / //_/____ __________ _/ __/
+ / ,< / __ `/ ___/ __ `/ /_
+ / /| |/ /_/ / / / /_/ / __/
+ /_/ |_|\__,_/_/ \__,_/_/
+
+ Apache Karaf (4.0.0)
+
+Hit '<tab>' for a list of available commands
+and '[cmd] --help' for help on a specific command.
+Hit '<ctrl-d>' or type 'system:shutdown' or 'logout' to shutdown Karaf.
+
+karaf@root()></pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonitionblock note">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="icon">
+<div class="title">Note</div>
+</td>
+<td class="content">
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Closing the console or shell window will cause Apache Karaf to terminate.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect4">
+<h5 id="_server_mode">Server mode</h5>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>The server mode starts Apache Karaf as a foreground process, but it doesn’t start the shell console.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>To use this mode, you use the <code>server</code> argument to the <code>bin/karaf</code> Unix script (<code>bin\karaf.bat</code> on Windows).</p>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>On Unix:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>bin/karaf server</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>On Windows:</p>
+</div>
+<div class="listingblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre>bin\karaf.bat server</pre>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonitionblock note">
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td class="icon">
+<div class="title">Note</div>
+</td>
+<td class="content">
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>Closing the console or shell window will cause Apache Karaf to terminate.</p>
+</div>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="paragraph">
+<p>You can connect to the shell console using SSH or client (see the Connect section in this page).</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect4">
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