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[12/57] [partial] incubator-servicecomb-website git commit: Generated
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+ <header>
+ <h1 class="page__title" itemprop="headline">SecKill Develop Journey (III)
+</h1>
+
+ <p class="page__meta"><i class="fa fa-clock-o" aria-hidden="true"></i>
+
+
+
+
+ 2 minute read
+
+</p>
+
+ </header>
+
+
+
+ <section class="page__content" itemprop="text">
+ <p><a href="/docs/seckill-development-journey-part-II/">Previous article</a> we had built a full-featured seckill demo, release it version 0.1.0-RELEASE; now you should find that data persistence is centered on a single database, seckill is high-stress scenario, it’s difficult to meet high-scalable requirement, and as we mentioned at the beginning, micro-service is recommended to have independent storage, so we will start using Event Sourcing implement CQRS pattern to enhance the ability to endure huge requests.</p>
+
+<h2 id="cqrs">CQRS</h2>
+<p>CQRS means Command Query Responsibility Segregation, it’s a powerful design pattern, often implement with Event Sourcing, there has a figure describe it from Microsoft MSDN:</p>
+
+<p><img src="/assets/images/seckill-develop-course-part-III-cqrs.png" alt="Fig-1 CQRS" class="align-center" /></p>
+
+<h2 id="improvement-design">Improvement Design</h2>
+<p>CQRS is read write separation and message-driven best practices, now we focus on the MySQL database:</p>
+<ol>
+ <li>The database should be split into ReadDB and WriteDB,read-intensive Query micro-service and write-intensive Command micro-service should be independent;</li>
+ <li>ReadDB and WriteDB using Event Message drive data synchronization, so we need add a new micro-service named Event(Processor);</li>
+ <li>Message Broker currently has a lot of great implements, such as RabbitMQ, Kafka, etc., because our seckill based on ServiceComb and Spring Boot, in order to be able to quickly build this new feature, we use built-in ActiveMQ, which supports memory queue mode, very easy to build Testing, suitable for agile development approach</li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>Now the latest Architecture below:</p>
+
+<p><img src="/assets/images/seckill-develop-course-part-III-arch-en.png" alt="Fig-2 CQRS improved Architecture" class="align-center" /></p>
+
+<h2 id="improvement-implement">Improvement Implement</h2>
+<h3 id="database-separation">Database Separation</h3>
+<h4 id="writedb">WriteDB</h4>
+<p>Admin micro-serivce maintain Promotion entity;</p>
+
+<p>Command micro-serivce wirte PromotionEvent Value-Object,when recovery Promotion,Relapy PromotionEvent.</p>
+<h4 id="readdb">ReadDB</h4>
+<p>Event micro-service write ActivePromotion Value-Object and Coupon Value-Object;</p>
+
+<p>Query micro-service query ActivePromotion Value-Object and Coupon Value-Object.</p>
+
+<h4 id="command-micro-service-message-publisher-component">Command micro-service Message Publisher component</h4>
+<p>Since the Event Sourcing was not introduced before, the PromotionEvent entity only needed to write to the database directly. Now it is necessary to publish PromotionEvent to Message Broker. Considering that future we will be replaced by Distributed Message Service (DMS) as Message Broker in order to deploy to <a href="http://www.hwclouds.com/">Huawei Cloud</a>, We defined the generic message publish interface:</p>
+<div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">interface</span> <span class="nc">SecKillMessagePublisher</span> <span class="o">{</span>
+ <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">publishMessage</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">messageContent</span><span class="o">);</span>
+<span class="o">}</span>
+</code></pre>
+</div>
+
+<h4 id="event-micro-service-implement">Event micro-service implement</h4>
+<p>Event micro-service subscribe Message Broker in order to get PromotionEvent Message, then depending on the message type convert to ActivePromotion Value-Object operation or Coupon Value-Object operation in ReadDB.</p>
+<ul>
+ <li>Promotion Start Message: create ActivePromotion Value-Object;</li>
+ <li>Promotion Finish Message: delete ActivePromotion Value-Object var Id;</li>
+ <li>
+ <p>Coupon Grabbed Message: create Coupon Value-Object;</p>
+
+ <p>Also considering that future we will be replaced by Distributed Message Service (DMS) as Message Broker in order to deploy to <a href="http://www.hwclouds.com/">Huawei Cloud</a>, We defined the generic message subscribe interface:</p>
+ <div class="language-java highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">interface</span> <span class="nc">SecKillMessageSubscriber</span> <span class="o">{</span>
+<span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">subscribeMessage</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">String</span> <span class="n">messageContent</span><span class="o">);</span>
+<span class="o">}</span>
+</code></pre>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4 id="update-of-query-micro-service">Update of Query micro-service</h4>
+<p>After the refactoring of the read and write separation, all activing Promotion are saved in ActivePromotion Value-Object Table, and customers own Coupon are stored in Coupon Value-Object Table, now we can directly query them, no longer need Replay PromotionEvent.</p>
+
+<h2 id="all-in-one-start-up">All-In-One start-up</h2>
+<p>Now, we have complete Event Sourcing architecture refactoring, in order to be easy to start-up, we provide docker compose script, use it pull all services up by one command, see detail at <a href="https://github.com/ServiceComb/seckill">SecKill</a>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="start-up-all-service-in-docker-toolbox">start-up all service in Docker ToolBox</h3>
+
+<p><img src="/assets/images/seckill-develop-course-part-III-seckill-all-in-one.png" alt="Fig-3 SecKill All-in-One" class="align-center" /></p>
+
+<h2 id="reference">Reference</h2>
+<ol>
+ <li><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/cqrs">Command and Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) pattern</a> by Microsoft Azure Team</li>
+ <li><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj591559.aspx">Introducing Event Sourcing</a> by Microsoft patterns & practices Developer Center</li>
+ <li><a href="https://martinfowler.com/eaaDev/EventSourcing.html">Event Sourcing</a> by Martin Fowler</li>
+</ol>
+
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+ <h1 class="page__title" itemprop="headline">Service-Center Management UI Console
+</h1>
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+
+
+
+
+ 2 分钟 阅读
+
+</p>
+
+ </header>
+
+
+
+ <section class="page__content" itemprop="text">
+ <p>Service-Center Management UI Console enables user to view the list of MicroServices registered in SC.
+Users can view the detailed information of their MicroServices, Instances and Schemas.
+Service-Center UI also offers a unique feature of testing the Schemas of their MicroServices from UI, Users
+can also download the html client for their Schemas.</p>
+
+<h3 id="preview-of-management-console">Preview of Management Console</h3>
+<p><img src="/assets/images/Service-Center-UI-Preview.gif" alt="Preview" class="align-center" /></p>
+
+<h3 id="features">Features</h3>
+<p>Service-Center Management console offers very useful features which makes users easy to use and manage service-center.</p>
+
+<h3 id="dashboard">Dashboard</h3>
+<p>This is the place where you can get the overall information about the services which are registered in your service-center like total number of services, providers, consumers and total instances. You can also get a list of Services which based on their current status.<br />
+<img src="/assets/images/Dashboard.PNG" alt="Dashboard" class="align-center" /></p>
+
+<h3 id="micro-service-list">Micro-Service List</h3>
+<p>This is the place where you can see the basic details of all the services which are registered in Service-Center. You can see the details like MicroService Name, Application Name, Status, Version, Creation time and Instance count. You can also un-register the microservice from Operations Tab if there is no running instances for the microservice.<br />
+<img src="/assets/images/ServiceList.PNG" alt="ServiceList" class="align-center" /></p>
+
+<h3 id="instance-details">Instance Details</h3>
+<p>This is the place where you can see all the current running instances for the MicroService, you can get the list of endpoints and their protocols.<br />
+<img src="/assets/images/InstanceList.PNG" alt="InstanceList" class="align-center" /></p>
+
+<h3 id="provider-list">Provider List</h3>
+<p>This is the place where you can get the list of all the providers for the MicroService.<br />
+<img src="/assets/images/ProviderList.PNG" alt="Provider List" class="align-center" /></p>
+
+<h3 id="consumer-list">Consumer List</h3>
+<p>This is the place where you can get the list of all the consumers for the MicroService<br />
+<img src="/assets/images/ConsumerList.PNG" alt="Consumer List" class="align-center" /></p>
+
+<h3 id="schema-list">Schema List</h3>
+<p>This is the place where we can get the list of all the Schema's for your MicroService, here you get options of viewing the Schema in Swagger form or Test the Schema on some particular instance. Here you also get an option to Download the Schema file in Html Client form.<br />
+<img src="/assets/images/SchemaList.PNG" alt="Schema List" class="align-center" /></p>
+
+<p>For Viewing the Schema in Swagger form you can click on Test Schema button and you can view the complete details of Schema in Swagger form.</p>
+
+<p><img src="/assets/images/SchemaView.PNG" alt="View Swagger" class="align-center" /></p>
+
+<p>If you wish to test the Schema on some particular Instance then you can click on Test Schema and select the instance on which you want to test the Schema and then select the endpoints for that instance.<br />
+<img src="/assets/images/SelectInstance.PNG" alt="Select Instance" class="align-center" /></p>
+
+<p>Once you selected the instance then you are ready for testing the Schema, you can input the required parameters for the Schema and hit on ‘Try it Out’ Button.<br />
+<img src="/assets/images/Schematest.PNG" alt="Schema Test" class="align-center" /></p>
+
+<h5 id="you-can-have-a-look-at-the-quick-start-guide-to-know-about-how-to-bring-up-the-management-console">You can have a look at the <a href="https://github.com/ServiceComb/service-center/tree/master/frontend#quickstart-guide">Quick Start Guide</a> to know about how to bring up the Management Console.</h5>
+
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+ <p class="page__date"><strong><i class="fa fa-fw fa-calendar" aria-hidden="true"></i> 最新的:</strong> <time datetime="2017-10-30">2017年10月30日</time></p>
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+ <meta itemprop="description" content="An introduction of how to do stress test on company demo with jmeter in kubernetes cluster">
+ <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="August 25, 2017">
+ <meta itemprop="dateModified" content="August 25, 2017">
+
+ <div class="page__inner-wrap">
+
+
+ <header>
+ <h1 class="page__title" itemprop="headline">Stress test on Company Demo with Jmeter in Kubernetes Cluster
+</h1>
+
+ <p class="page__meta"><i class="fa fa-clock-o" aria-hidden="true"></i>
+
+
+
+
+ 6 minute read
+
+</p>
+
+ </header>
+
+
+
+ <section class="page__content" itemprop="text">
+ <h2 id="background">Background</h2>
+
+<p>Stress test is an effective way to evaluate the performance of web applications. Besides, more and more web applications are decomposed into several microservices and performance of each microservice may vary as some are compute intensive while some are IO intensive.</p>
+
+<p>Stress test on web application based on microservice architecture plays a more important role. This blog will evaluate the performance of our <a href="https://github.com/ServiceComb/ServiceComb-Company-WorkShop">company demo</a> using <a href="https://www.google.com.hk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0ahUKEwiv9rjg7u_VAhUkxoMKHfoYDaYQFggvMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjmeter.apache.org%2F&usg=AFQjCNHIHCOA-F9LnhaAn_STCWyPPgOpdw">JMeter 3.2</a>(a powerful stress test tool) in <a href="https://kubernetes.io/">Kubernetes</a> cluster.</p>
+
+<p>From the <a href="http://servicecomb.io/docs/autoscale-on-company/">last post</a>, we figured out the Manager service demands the most of the resources. Hence, in this plan, we will dig deeper into performance test on the Manager service.</p>
+
+<h2 id="test-plan">Test Plan</h2>
+
+<p>Our JMeter test plan is:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>
+ <p>Handle the authentication before stress tests as the authentication may introduce serious delay.</p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p>Keep visiting services in Company demo concurrently, push stress on the Manager services by QueryWorker, QueryBeekeeperDrone, QueryBeekeeperQueen HTTP request generator.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>You can get the test plan from github.</p>
+<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code> git clone https://github.com/ServiceComb/ServiceComb-Company-WorkShop
+ <span class="nb">cd </span>ServiceComb-Company-WorkShop/stress-tests
+</code></pre>
+</div>
+<p class="figure-caption"><img src="/assets/images/company_test_plan.png" alt="fig-1 JMeter test plan" class="align-center" />
+fig-1 JMeter test plan</p>
+
+<p>At the very first of our test plan, we set up some global configurations that shared among all thread groups. The <em>CSV Data Set Config</em> loads our target server information from a local csv file. The <em>HTTP Request Defaults</em> sets up the default host and port in every request. The <em>User Defined Variables</em> defines variable that shared globally. The <em>HTTP Header Manager</em> adds headers define inside it to every request.</p>
+
+<p>Then comes to the <em>setUp</em> thread group. It does the authentication job. The build-in way to authenticate in JMeter is the <em>HTTP Cookie Manager</em> as cookie is being used widely over web applications. However, our workshop demo uses the token based authentication instead of cookie based authentication. We need to take a detour to get authenticate done in JMeter. The <em>Remove header pre processor</em> uses the following script to avoid unnecessary headers being injected into login requests.</p>
+
+<div class="language-shell highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>import org.apache.jmeter.protocol.http.control.Header;
+sampler.getHeaderManager<span class="o">()</span>.removeHeaderNamed<span class="o">(</span><span class="s2">"Authorization"</span><span class="o">)</span>;
+</code></pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then we retrieve login credential in the <em>Set up Login</em> request. The <em>authorization_extractor</em> is a <em>Regular Expression Extractor</em> used to extract the value of <em>Authorization</em> header. As variables can not pass from one thread group to another, it need to convert to the global property and the script in <em>BeanShell PostProcessor</em> does the job.</p>
+
+<div class="language-shell highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">__setProperty</span><span class="p">(Authorization,</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">Authorization</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="p">,)</span><span class="k">}</span>
+</code></pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>The last part of our test plan is the stress tests perform on our services. We test three endpoints as they all pass from the manager service to the other two microservices, namely worker and beekeeper. Before we test, we disable the caching capability by enabling <em>StressTest</em> profile in manager so that the worker service and beekeeper service can serve the incoming computing task all the time. Besides, we simplify the computing task by setting the request argument to be just 1.</p>
+
+<h2 id="test-steps">Test Steps</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>
+ <p>Start the <em>Company demo</em> in the Kubernetes cluster without resource limits.</p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p>Replace the content of <em>hosts.csv</em> file with the IP address and port of the Company demo running in the Kubernetes cluster. The content in <em>hosts.csv</em> is:</p>
+
+ <pre><code class="language-csv"> 127.0.0.1,8083
+</code></pre>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p>Run the tests. Using 200 threads to generate requests concurrently, and set the duration to be 600 seconds.</p>
+
+ <div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code> jmeter -n -t workshop.jmx -j workshop.log -l workshop.jtl -Jthreads<span class="o">=</span>200 -Jduration<span class="o">=</span>600
+</code></pre>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2 id="test-results">Test Results</h2>
+<p>The performance among various concurrency is as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="figure-caption"><img src="/assets/images/company_concurrency_performance.png" alt="fig-2 Performance among various concurrency" class="align-center" />
+fig-2 Performance among various concurrency</p>
+
+<p>fig-2 shows that performance of manager service remained stable until it reached the bottleneck(at concurrency of 15), it speeds up to <strong>about 1000 requests per seconds</strong> while keeping the average response time low. Later on, as the concurrency increased, the average response time increased dramatically. <strong>The response time statistics can be helpful when evaluating the circuit-break timeout settings.</strong></p>
+
+<p class="figure-caption"><img src="/assets/images/company_response_time.png" alt="fig-3 Average response time among different services" class="align-center" />
+fig-3 Average response time among different services</p>
+
+<p>fig-3 shows the average response time of different services. As the beekeeper service relies on the worker service, it had a longer response time than the worker service.</p>
+
+<p class="figure-caption"><img src="/assets/images/company_cpu_load.png" alt="fig-4 CPU Load on various concurrency" class="align-center" />
+fig-4 CPU Load on various concurrency</p>
+
+<p>To find out why the performance stuck at the concurrency of 15, we checked the monitor data from <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/heapster">Heapster</a> as fig-4 shows. Apparently, <strong>manager service became the bottleneck of the whole system.</strong> It reached the maximum cpu load when the throughput was around 1000 req/s. Other services increased much slower than manager service and required less resources.</p>
+
+<p>As manager service logs directly to the stdout and the JMeter test client running on a single host may not simulate enough concurrency simultaneously. As such, we tested on different scenes of log settings(log4j1 stdout, log4j2 stdout, log4j2 asynchronous, none) at the concurrency of 200. The <em>asynchronous</em> log settings in <em>log4j2.xml</em> file is as follows:</p>
+<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="cp"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?></span>
+<span class="nt"><Configuration</span> <span class="na">status=</span><span class="s">"INFO"</span><span class="nt">></span>
+ <span class="nt"><Appenders></span>
+ <span class="nt"><RandomAccessFile</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"RandomAccessFile"</span> <span class="na">fileName=</span><span class="s">"manager.log"</span> <span class="na">immediateFlush=</span><span class="s">"false"</span> <span class="na">append=</span><span class="s">"false"</span><span class="nt">></span>
+ <span class="nt"><PatternLayout</span> <span class="na">pattern=</span><span class="s">"%d [%p] %m %l%n"</span><span class="nt">/></span>
+ <span class="nt"></RandomAccessFile></span>
+ <span class="nt"></Appenders></span>
+ <span class="nt"><Loggers></span>
+ <span class="nt"><asyncRoot</span> <span class="na">level=</span><span class="s">"info"</span><span class="nt">></span>
+ <span class="nt"><AppenderRef</span> <span class="na">ref=</span><span class="s">"RandomAccessFile"</span><span class="nt">/></span>
+ <span class="nt"></asyncRoot></span>
+ <span class="nt"></Loggers></span>
+<span class="nt"></Configuration></span>
+</code></pre>
+</div>
+<p>Besides, we also need to add the <em>disruptor</em> dependency to enable the asynchronous log settings.</p>
+<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><dependency></span>
+ <span class="nt"><groupId></span>com.lmax<span class="nt"></groupId></span>
+ <span class="nt"><artifactId></span>disruptor<span class="nt"></artifactId></span>
+ <span class="nt"><version></span>3.3.6<span class="nt"></version></span>
+<span class="nt"></dependency></span>
+</code></pre>
+</div>
+<p>The <em>none</em> log settings just replace the <em>info</em> logging level to <em>off</em> in the above setting. We also tested on distributed JMeter test client environment. Running Jmeter in distributed mode takes two steps:</p>
+
+<ol>
+ <li>
+ <p>run JMeter slave on each test node, the command is as follows:</p>
+
+ <div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>jmeter-server -Djava.rmi.server.hostname<span class="o">=</span><span class="k">$(</span>ifconfig eth0 | grep <span class="s2">"inet addr"</span> | awk <span class="s1">'{print $2}'</span> | cut -d <span class="s2">":"</span> -f2<span class="k">)</span>
+</code></pre>
+ </div>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p>run JMeter master, the command is as follows:</p>
+
+ <div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>jmeter -n -R host1,host2 -t workshop.jmx -j workshop.log -l workshop.jtl -Gmin<span class="o">=</span>1 -Gmax<span class="o">=</span>2 -Gthreads<span class="o">=</span>200 -Gduration<span class="o">=</span>600
+</code></pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <p class="notice--warning"><em>Note:</em> JMeter property does not work in distributed mode. It needs to be declared as a global property. That’s why We use <em>-G</em> option here instead of <em>-J</em> option.</p>
+ </li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>The results are as follows:
+<img src="/assets/images/company_log_and_jmeter.png" alt="different log and different JMeter settings" class="align-center" />
+From the above figure, we can conclude that:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>
+ <p>The performance in JMeter distributed mode and single mode are so close, it seems that a single JMeter test client is able to simulate enough concurrency for the current test.</p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p>The log takes up too many computing resources when directly output to stdout and the asynchronous way has improved nearly 100% throughput of the original. <strong>Seems like using the synchronous log settings may not be wise in production environment.</strong></p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p>The log4j2 has improved about 40% throughput of the log4j1 and reduced a small amount of memory. Hence, <strong>it’s recommended to replace the log4j1 with log4j2 for the sake of performance.</strong></p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p class="figure-caption"><img src="/assets/images/company_different_log_memory_usage.png" alt="fig-5 memory usage of different log settings" class="align-center" />
+fig-5 memory usage of different log settings</p>
+
+<p>Although the asynchronous way save us much computing resources, it takes up a great deal of memory in the meanwhile as fig-5 shows.</p>
+
+<p class="figure-caption"><img src="/assets/images/company_memory_used.png" alt="fig-6 Memory Usage of different services" class="align-center" />
+fig-6 Memory Usage of different services</p>
+
+<p>fig-6 shows the memory usage of different services during tests. As company demo is a simple use case, the memory usage remained quite stable during tests. Comparing to memory usage of the <em>bulletin board</em> service(written in go), other services written in Java take a great deal of memory.</p>
+
+<h2 id="conclusions">Conclusions</h2>
+
+<p>Stress test on applications can help us find out the potential problems in our services before our services run in production environment. It simulates the production environment and validates whether our services meet the specification requirements. We can tune our pod deployment settings based on the stress test result to system’s maximum throughput while keeping SLA.</p>
+
+<p>Applications based on microservice architecture become much more flexible not only on design, programming and tests, but also on deployment. Services based on microservice architecture make resources scale up and down extremely fast. We can choose different specifications of machine and different replicas for different services according to the maximum throughput to save resources. Besides, the scalability of cloud makes services handle visit storm easily.</p>
+
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