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Posted to commits@couchdb.apache.org by ns...@apache.org on 2013/12/14 12:41:30 UTC

[24/51] [partial] Bring Fauxton directories together

http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/couchdb/blob/c14b2991/share/www/fauxton/src/assets/js/libs/lodash.js
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diff --git a/share/www/fauxton/src/assets/js/libs/lodash.js b/share/www/fauxton/src/assets/js/libs/lodash.js
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+/**
+ * @license
+ * Lo-Dash 1.3.1 (Custom Build) <http://lodash.com/>
+ * Build: `lodash underscore exports="amd,commonjs,global,node" -o ./dist/lodash.underscore.js`
+ * Copyright 2012-2013 The Dojo Foundation <http://dojofoundation.org/>
+ * Based on Underscore.js 1.4.4 <http://underscorejs.org/>
+ * Copyright 2009-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
+ * Available under MIT license <http://lodash.com/license>
+ */
+;(function(window) {
+
+  /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre ES5 environments */
+  var undefined;
+
+  /** Used to generate unique IDs */
+  var idCounter = 0;
+
+  /** Used internally to indicate various things */
+  var indicatorObject = {};
+
+  /** Used to prefix keys to avoid issues with `__proto__` and properties on `Object.prototype` */
+  var keyPrefix = +new Date + '';
+
+  /** Used as the size when optimizations are enabled for large arrays */
+  var largeArraySize = 75;
+
+  /** Used to match empty string literals in compiled template source */
+  var reEmptyStringLeading = /\b__p \+= '';/g,
+      reEmptyStringMiddle = /\b(__p \+=) '' \+/g,
+      reEmptyStringTrailing = /(__e\(.*?\)|\b__t\)) \+\n'';/g;
+
+  /** Used to match HTML entities */
+  var reEscapedHtml = /&(?:amp|lt|gt|quot|#39);/g;
+
+  /**
+   * Used to match ES6 template delimiters
+   * http://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-7.8.6
+   */
+  var reEsTemplate = /\$\{([^\\}]*(?:\\.[^\\}]*)*)\}/g;
+
+  /** Used to match regexp flags from their coerced string values */
+  var reFlags = /\w*$/;
+
+  /** Used to match "interpolate" template delimiters */
+  var reInterpolate = /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g;
+
+  /** Used to ensure capturing order of template delimiters */
+  var reNoMatch = /($^)/;
+
+  /** Used to match HTML characters */
+  var reUnescapedHtml = /[&<>"']/g;
+
+  /** Used to match unescaped characters in compiled string literals */
+  var reUnescapedString = /['\n\r\t\u2028\u2029\\]/g;
+
+  /** Used to make template sourceURLs easier to identify */
+  var templateCounter = 0;
+
+  /** `Object#toString` result shortcuts */
+  var argsClass = '[object Arguments]',
+      arrayClass = '[object Array]',
+      boolClass = '[object Boolean]',
+      dateClass = '[object Date]',
+      errorClass = '[object Error]',
+      funcClass = '[object Function]',
+      numberClass = '[object Number]',
+      objectClass = '[object Object]',
+      regexpClass = '[object RegExp]',
+      stringClass = '[object String]';
+
+  /** Used to determine if values are of the language type Object */
+  var objectTypes = {
+    'boolean': false,
+    'function': true,
+    'object': true,
+    'number': false,
+    'string': false,
+    'undefined': false
+  };
+
+  /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals */
+  var stringEscapes = {
+    '\\': '\\',
+    "'": "'",
+    '\n': 'n',
+    '\r': 'r',
+    '\t': 't',
+    '\u2028': 'u2028',
+    '\u2029': 'u2029'
+  };
+
+  /** Detect free variable `exports` */
+  var freeExports = objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports;
+
+  /** Detect free variable `module` */
+  var freeModule = objectTypes[typeof module] && module && module.exports == freeExports && module;
+
+  /** Detect free variable `global`, from Node.js or Browserified code, and use it as `window` */
+  var freeGlobal = objectTypes[typeof global] && global;
+  if (freeGlobal && (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal)) {
+    window = freeGlobal;
+  }
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * A basic implementation of `_.indexOf` without support for binary searches
+   * or `fromIndex` constraints.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
+   * @param {Number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
+   * @returns {Number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
+   */
+  function basicIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+    var index = (fromIndex || 0) - 1,
+        length = array.length;
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      if (array[index] === value) {
+        return index;
+      }
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `sortBy` to compare transformed `collection` values, stable sorting
+   * them in ascending order.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} a The object to compare to `b`.
+   * @param {Object} b The object to compare to `a`.
+   * @returns {Number} Returns the sort order indicator of `1` or `-1`.
+   */
+  function compareAscending(a, b) {
+    var ai = a.index,
+        bi = b.index;
+
+    a = a.criteria;
+    b = b.criteria;
+
+    // ensure a stable sort in V8 and other engines
+    // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90
+    if (a !== b) {
+      if (a > b || typeof a == 'undefined') {
+        return 1;
+      }
+      if (a < b || typeof b == 'undefined') {
+        return -1;
+      }
+    }
+    return ai < bi ? -1 : 1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `template` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled
+   * string literals.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {String} match The matched character to escape.
+   * @returns {String} Returns the escaped character.
+   */
+  function escapeStringChar(match) {
+    return '\\' + stringEscapes[match];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A no-operation function.
+   *
+   * @private
+   */
+  function noop() {
+    // no operation performed
+  }
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Used for `Array` method references.
+   *
+   * Normally `Array.prototype` would suffice, however, using an array literal
+   * avoids issues in Narwhal.
+   */
+  var arrayRef = [];
+
+  /** Used for native method references */
+  var objectProto = Object.prototype,
+      stringProto = String.prototype;
+
+  /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `noConflict` */
+  var oldDash = window._;
+
+  /** Used to detect if a method is native */
+  var reNative = RegExp('^' +
+    String(objectProto.valueOf)
+      .replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')
+      .replace(/valueOf|for [^\]]+/g, '.+?') + '$'
+  );
+
+  /** Native method shortcuts */
+  var ceil = Math.ceil,
+      clearTimeout = window.clearTimeout,
+      concat = arrayRef.concat,
+      floor = Math.floor,
+      hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty,
+      push = arrayRef.push,
+      propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto.propertyIsEnumerable,
+      setTimeout = window.setTimeout,
+      toString = objectProto.toString;
+
+  /* Native method shortcuts for methods with the same name as other `lodash` methods */
+  var nativeBind = reNative.test(nativeBind = toString.bind) && nativeBind,
+      nativeCreate = reNative.test(nativeCreate =  Object.create) && nativeCreate,
+      nativeIsArray = reNative.test(nativeIsArray = Array.isArray) && nativeIsArray,
+      nativeIsFinite = window.isFinite,
+      nativeIsNaN = window.isNaN,
+      nativeKeys = reNative.test(nativeKeys = Object.keys) && nativeKeys,
+      nativeMax = Math.max,
+      nativeMin = Math.min,
+      nativeRandom = Math.random,
+      nativeSlice = arrayRef.slice;
+
+  /** Detect various environments */
+  var isIeOpera = reNative.test(window.attachEvent),
+      isV8 = nativeBind && !/\n|true/.test(nativeBind + isIeOpera);
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a `lodash` object, which wraps the given `value`, to enable method
+   * chaining.
+   *
+   * In addition to Lo-Dash methods, wrappers also have the following `Array` methods:
+   * `concat`, `join`, `pop`, `push`, `reverse`, `shift`, `slice`, `sort`, `splice`,
+   * and `unshift`
+   *
+   * Chaining is supported in custom builds as long as the `value` method is
+   * implicitly or explicitly included in the build.
+   *
+   * The chainable wrapper functions are:
+   * `after`, `assign`, `bind`, `bindAll`, `bindKey`, `chain`, `compact`,
+   * `compose`, `concat`, `countBy`, `createCallback`, `debounce`, `defaults`,
+   * `defer`, `delay`, `difference`, `filter`, `flatten`, `forEach`, `forIn`,
+   * `forOwn`, `functions`, `groupBy`, `initial`, `intersection`, `invert`,
+   * `invoke`, `keys`, `map`, `max`, `memoize`, `merge`, `min`, `object`, `omit`,
+   * `once`, `pairs`, `partial`, `partialRight`, `pick`, `pluck`, `push`, `range`,
+   * `reject`, `rest`, `reverse`, `shuffle`, `slice`, `sort`, `sortBy`, `splice`,
+   * `tap`, `throttle`, `times`, `toArray`, `transform`, `union`, `uniq`, `unshift`,
+   * `unzip`, `values`, `where`, `without`, `wrap`, and `zip`
+   *
+   * The non-chainable wrapper functions are:
+   * `clone`, `cloneDeep`, `contains`, `escape`, `every`, `find`, `has`,
+   * `identity`, `indexOf`, `isArguments`, `isArray`, `isBoolean`, `isDate`,
+   * `isElement`, `isEmpty`, `isEqual`, `isFinite`, `isFunction`, `isNaN`,
+   * `isNull`, `isNumber`, `isObject`, `isPlainObject`, `isRegExp`, `isString`,
+   * `isUndefined`, `join`, `lastIndexOf`, `mixin`, `noConflict`, `parseInt`,
+   * `pop`, `random`, `reduce`, `reduceRight`, `result`, `shift`, `size`, `some`,
+   * `sortedIndex`, `runInContext`, `template`, `unescape`, `uniqueId`, and `value`
+   *
+   * The wrapper functions `first` and `last` return wrapped values when `n` is
+   * passed, otherwise they return unwrapped values.
+   *
+   * @name _
+   * @constructor
+   * @alias chain
+   * @category Chaining
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var wrapped = _([1, 2, 3]);
+   *
+   * // returns an unwrapped value
+   * wrapped.reduce(function(sum, num) {
+   *   return sum + num;
+   * });
+   * // => 6
+   *
+   * // returns a wrapped value
+   * var squares = wrapped.map(function(num) {
+   *   return num * num;
+   * });
+   *
+   * _.isArray(squares);
+   * // => false
+   *
+   * _.isArray(squares.value());
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function lodash(value) {
+    return (value instanceof lodash)
+      ? value
+      : new lodashWrapper(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A fast path for creating `lodash` wrapper objects.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.
+   */
+  function lodashWrapper(value) {
+    this.__wrapped__ = value;
+  }
+  // ensure `new lodashWrapper` is an instance of `lodash`
+  lodashWrapper.prototype = lodash.prototype;
+
+  /**
+   * An object used to flag environments features.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @type Object
+   */
+  var support = {};
+
+  (function() {
+    var object = { '0': 1, 'length': 1 };
+
+    /**
+     * Detect if `Function#bind` exists and is inferred to be fast (all but V8).
+     *
+     * @memberOf _.support
+     * @type Boolean
+     */
+    support.fastBind = nativeBind && !isV8;
+
+    /**
+     * Detect if `Array#shift` and `Array#splice` augment array-like objects correctly.
+     *
+     * Firefox < 10, IE compatibility mode, and IE < 9 have buggy Array `shift()`
+     * and `splice()` functions that fail to remove the last element, `value[0]`,
+     * of array-like objects even though the `length` property is set to `0`.
+     * The `shift()` method is buggy in IE 8 compatibility mode, while `splice()`
+     * is buggy regardless of mode in IE < 9 and buggy in compatibility mode in IE 9.
+     *
+     * @memberOf _.support
+     * @type Boolean
+     */
+    support.spliceObjects = (arrayRef.splice.call(object, 0, 1), !object[0]);
+  }(1));
+
+  /**
+   * By default, the template delimiters used by Lo-Dash are similar to those in
+   * embedded Ruby (ERB). Change the following template settings to use alternative
+   * delimiters.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @type Object
+   */
+  lodash.templateSettings = {
+
+    /**
+     * Used to detect `data` property values to be HTML-escaped.
+     *
+     * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+     * @type RegExp
+     */
+    'escape': /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+
+    /**
+     * Used to detect code to be evaluated.
+     *
+     * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+     * @type RegExp
+     */
+    'evaluate': /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+
+    /**
+     * Used to detect `data` property values to inject.
+     *
+     * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+     * @type RegExp
+     */
+    'interpolate': reInterpolate,
+
+    /**
+     * Used to reference the data object in the template text.
+     *
+     * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+     * @type String
+     */
+    'variable': ''
+  };
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with the `this` binding
+   * of `thisArg` and prepends any `partialArgs` to the arguments passed to the
+   * bound function.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Function|String} func The function to bind or the method name.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
+   * @param {Array} partialArgs An array of arguments to be partially applied.
+   * @param {Object} [idicator] Used to indicate binding by key or partially
+   *  applying arguments from the right.
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
+   */
+  function createBound(func, thisArg, partialArgs, indicator) {
+    var isFunc = isFunction(func),
+        isPartial = !partialArgs,
+        key = thisArg;
+
+    // juggle arguments
+    if (isPartial) {
+      var rightIndicator = indicator;
+      partialArgs = thisArg;
+    }
+    else if (!isFunc) {
+      if (!indicator) {
+        throw new TypeError;
+      }
+      thisArg = func;
+    }
+
+    function bound() {
+      // `Function#bind` spec
+      // http://es5.github.com/#x15.3.4.5
+      var args = arguments,
+          thisBinding = isPartial ? this : thisArg;
+
+      if (!isFunc) {
+        func = thisArg[key];
+      }
+      if (partialArgs.length) {
+        args = args.length
+          ? (args = nativeSlice.call(args), rightIndicator ? args.concat(partialArgs) : partialArgs.concat(args))
+          : partialArgs;
+      }
+      if (this instanceof bound) {
+        // ensure `new bound` is an instance of `func`
+        thisBinding = createObject(func.prototype);
+
+        // mimic the constructor's `return` behavior
+        // http://es5.github.com/#x13.2.2
+        var result = func.apply(thisBinding, args);
+        return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;
+      }
+      return func.apply(thisBinding, args);
+    }
+    return bound;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new object with the specified `prototype`.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} prototype The prototype object.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+   */
+  function createObject(prototype) {
+    return isObject(prototype) ? nativeCreate(prototype) : {};
+  }
+  // fallback for browsers without `Object.create`
+  if  (!nativeCreate) {
+    var createObject = function(prototype) {
+      if (isObject(prototype)) {
+        noop.prototype = prototype;
+        var result = new noop;
+        noop.prototype = null;
+      }
+      return result || {};
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `escape` to convert characters to HTML entities.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {String} match The matched character to escape.
+   * @returns {String} Returns the escaped character.
+   */
+  function escapeHtmlChar(match) {
+    return htmlEscapes[match];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the appropriate "indexOf" function. If the `_.indexOf` method is
+   * customized, this method returns the custom method, otherwise it returns
+   * the `basicIndexOf` function.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @returns {Function} Returns the "indexOf" function.
+   */
+  function getIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+    var result = (result = lodash.indexOf) === indexOf ? basicIndexOf : result;
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used by `unescape` to convert HTML entities to characters.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {String} match The matched character to unescape.
+   * @returns {String} Returns the unescaped character.
+   */
+  function unescapeHtmlChar(match) {
+    return htmlUnescapes[match];
+  }
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is an `arguments` object.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is an `arguments` object, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * (function() { return _.isArguments(arguments); })(1, 2, 3);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
+   * // => false
+   */
+  function isArguments(value) {
+    return toString.call(value) == argsClass;
+  }
+  // fallback for browsers that can't detect `arguments` objects by [[Class]]
+  if (!isArguments(arguments)) {
+    isArguments = function(value) {
+      return value ? hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee') : false;
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is an array.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is an array, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * (function() { return _.isArray(arguments); })();
+   * // => false
+   *
+   * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
+   * // => true
+   */
+  var isArray = nativeIsArray || function(value) {
+    return value ? (typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == arrayClass) : false;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * A fallback implementation of `Object.keys` which produces an array of the
+   * given object's own enumerable property names.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @type Function
+   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property names.
+   */
+  var shimKeys = function (object) {
+    var index, iterable = object, result = [];
+    if (!iterable) return result;
+    if (!(objectTypes[typeof object])) return result;  
+      for (index in iterable) {
+        if (hasOwnProperty.call(iterable, index)) {
+          result.push(index);    
+        }
+      }  
+    return result
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property names of `object`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property names.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.keys({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
+   * // => ['one', 'two', 'three'] (order is not guaranteed)
+   */
+  var keys = !nativeKeys ? shimKeys : function(object) {
+    if (!isObject(object)) {
+      return [];
+    }
+    return nativeKeys(object);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Used to convert characters to HTML entities:
+   *
+   * Though the `>` character is escaped for symmetry, characters like `>` and `/`
+   * don't require escaping in HTML and have no special meaning unless they're part
+   * of a tag or an unquoted attribute value.
+   * http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/ambiguous-ampersands (under "semi-related fun fact")
+   */
+  var htmlEscapes = {
+    '&': '&amp;',
+    '<': '&lt;',
+    '>': '&gt;',
+    '"': '&quot;',
+    "'": '&#39;'
+  };
+
+  /** Used to convert HTML entities to characters */
+  var htmlUnescapes = invert(htmlEscapes);
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
+   * object. Subsequent sources will overwrite property assignments of previous
+   * sources. If a `callback` function is passed, it will be executed to produce
+   * the assigned values. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
+   * two arguments; (objectValue, sourceValue).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @type Function
+   * @alias extend
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+   * @param {Object} [source1, source2, ...] The source objects.
+   * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize assigning values.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.assign({ 'name': 'moe' }, { 'age': 40 });
+   * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }
+   *
+   * var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assign, function(a, b) {
+   *   return typeof a == 'undefined' ? b : a;
+   * });
+   *
+   * var food = { 'name': 'apple' };
+   * defaults(food, { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' });
+   * // => { 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' }
+   */
+  function assign(object) {
+    if (!object) {
+      return object;
+    }
+    for (var argsIndex = 1, argsLength = arguments.length; argsIndex < argsLength; argsIndex++) {
+      var iterable = arguments[argsIndex];
+      if (iterable) {
+        for (var key in iterable) {
+          object[key] = iterable[key];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return object;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a clone of `value`. If `deep` is `true`, nested objects will also
+   * be cloned, otherwise they will be assigned by reference. If a `callback`
+   * function is passed, it will be executed to produce the cloned values. If
+   * `callback` returns `undefined`, cloning will be handled by the method instead.
+   * The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to clone.
+   * @param {Boolean} [deep=false] A flag to indicate a deep clone.
+   * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @param- {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
+   * @param- {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates clones with source counterparts.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the cloned `value`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var stooges = [
+   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * var shallow = _.clone(stooges);
+   * shallow[0] === stooges[0];
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * var deep = _.clone(stooges, true);
+   * deep[0] === stooges[0];
+   * // => false
+   *
+   * _.mixin({
+   *   'clone': _.partialRight(_.clone, function(value) {
+   *     return _.isElement(value) ? value.cloneNode(false) : undefined;
+   *   })
+   * });
+   *
+   * var clone = _.clone(document.body);
+   * clone.childNodes.length;
+   * // => 0
+   */
+  function clone(value) {
+    return isObject(value)
+      ? (isArray(value) ? nativeSlice.call(value) : assign({}, value))
+      : value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
+   * object for all destination properties that resolve to `undefined`. Once a
+   * property is set, additional defaults of the same property will be ignored.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @type Function
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+   * @param {Object} [source1, source2, ...] The source objects.
+   * @param- {Object} [guard] Allows working with `_.reduce` without using its
+   *  callback's `key` and `object` arguments as sources.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var food = { 'name': 'apple' };
+   * _.defaults(food, { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' });
+   * // => { 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' }
+   */
+  function defaults(object) {
+    if (!object) {
+      return object;
+    }
+    for (var argsIndex = 1, argsLength = arguments.length; argsIndex < argsLength; argsIndex++) {
+      var iterable = arguments[argsIndex];
+      if (iterable) {
+        for (var key in iterable) {
+          if (object[key] == null) {
+            object[key] = iterable[key];
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return object;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Iterates over `object`'s own and inherited enumerable properties, executing
+   * the `callback` for each property. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and
+   * invoked with three arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit iteration
+   * early by explicitly returning `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @type Function
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * function Dog(name) {
+   *   this.name = name;
+   * }
+   *
+   * Dog.prototype.bark = function() {
+   *   alert('Woof, woof!');
+   * };
+   *
+   * _.forIn(new Dog('Dagny'), function(value, key) {
+   *   alert(key);
+   * });
+   * // => alerts 'name' and 'bark' (order is not guaranteed)
+   */
+  var forIn = function (collection, callback) {
+    var index, iterable = collection, result = iterable;
+    if (!iterable) return result;
+    if (!objectTypes[typeof iterable]) return result;
+      for (index in iterable) {
+        if (callback(iterable[index], index, collection) === indicatorObject) return result;    
+      }  
+    return result
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Iterates over an object's own enumerable properties, executing the `callback`
+   * for each property. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+   * arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit iteration early by explicitly
+   * returning `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @type Function
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.forOwn({ '0': 'zero', '1': 'one', 'length': 2 }, function(num, key) {
+   *   alert(key);
+   * });
+   * // => alerts '0', '1', and 'length' (order is not guaranteed)
+   */
+  var forOwn = function (collection, callback) {
+    var index, iterable = collection, result = iterable;
+    if (!iterable) return result;
+    if (!objectTypes[typeof iterable]) return result;
+      for (index in iterable) {
+        if (hasOwnProperty.call(iterable, index)) {
+          if (callback(iterable[index], index, collection) === indicatorObject) return result;    
+        }
+      }  
+    return result
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a sorted array of all enumerable properties, own and inherited,
+   * of `object` that have function values.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias methods
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property names that have function values.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.functions(_);
+   * // => ['all', 'any', 'bind', 'bindAll', 'clone', 'compact', 'compose', ...]
+   */
+  function functions(object) {
+    var result = [];
+    forIn(object, function(value, key) {
+      if (isFunction(value)) {
+        result.push(key);
+      }
+    });
+    return result.sort();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if the specified object `property` exists and is a direct property,
+   * instead of an inherited property.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The object to check.
+   * @param {String} property The property to check for.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if key is a direct property, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.has({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, 'b');
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function has(object, property) {
+    return object ? hasOwnProperty.call(object, property) : false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an object composed of the inverted keys and values of the given `object`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The object to invert.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns the created inverted object.
+   * @example
+   *
+   *  _.invert({ 'first': 'moe', 'second': 'larry' });
+   * // => { 'moe': 'first', 'larry': 'second' }
+   */
+  function invert(object) {
+    var index = -1,
+        props = keys(object),
+        length = props.length,
+        result = {};
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      var key = props[index];
+      result[object[key]] = key;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is a boolean value.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a boolean value, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isBoolean(null);
+   * // => false
+   */
+  function isBoolean(value) {
+    return value === true || value === false || toString.call(value) == boolClass;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is a date.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a date, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isDate(new Date);
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isDate(value) {
+    return value ? (typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == dateClass) : false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is a DOM element.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a DOM element, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isElement(document.body);
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isElement(value) {
+    return value ? value.nodeType === 1 : false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is empty. Arrays, strings, or `arguments` objects with a
+   * length of `0` and objects with no own enumerable properties are considered
+   * "empty".
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} value The value to inspect.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is empty, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
+   * // => false
+   *
+   * _.isEmpty({});
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.isEmpty('');
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isEmpty(value) {
+    if (!value) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (isArray(value) || isString(value)) {
+      return !value.length;
+    }
+    for (var key in value) {
+      if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, key)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are
+   * equivalent to each other. If `callback` is passed, it will be executed to
+   * compare values. If `callback` returns `undefined`, comparisons will be handled
+   * by the method instead. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
+   * two arguments; (a, b).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} a The value to compare.
+   * @param {Mixed} b The other value to compare.
+   * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize comparing values.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @param- {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed `a` objects.
+   * @param- {Array} [stackB=[]] Tracks traversed `b` objects.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var moe = { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
+   * var copy = { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
+   *
+   * moe == copy;
+   * // => false
+   *
+   * _.isEqual(moe, copy);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * var words = ['hello', 'goodbye'];
+   * var otherWords = ['hi', 'goodbye'];
+   *
+   * _.isEqual(words, otherWords, function(a, b) {
+   *   var reGreet = /^(?:hello|hi)$/i,
+   *       aGreet = _.isString(a) && reGreet.test(a),
+   *       bGreet = _.isString(b) && reGreet.test(b);
+   *
+   *   return (aGreet || bGreet) ? (aGreet == bGreet) : undefined;
+   * });
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isEqual(a, b, stackA, stackB) {
+    if (a === b) {
+      return a !== 0 || (1 / a == 1 / b);
+    }
+    var type = typeof a,
+        otherType = typeof b;
+
+    if (a === a &&
+        (!a || (type != 'function' && type != 'object')) &&
+        (!b || (otherType != 'function' && otherType != 'object'))) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (a == null || b == null) {
+      return a === b;
+    }
+    var className = toString.call(a),
+        otherClass = toString.call(b);
+
+    if (className != otherClass) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    switch (className) {
+      case boolClass:
+      case dateClass:
+        return +a == +b;
+
+      case numberClass:
+        return a != +a
+          ? b != +b
+          : (a == 0 ? (1 / a == 1 / b) : a == +b);
+
+      case regexpClass:
+      case stringClass:
+        return a == String(b);
+    }
+    var isArr = className == arrayClass;
+    if (!isArr) {
+      if (a instanceof lodash || b instanceof lodash) {
+        return isEqual(a.__wrapped__ || a, b.__wrapped__ || b, stackA, stackB);
+      }
+      if (className != objectClass) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      var ctorA = a.constructor,
+          ctorB = b.constructor;
+
+      if (ctorA != ctorB && !(
+            isFunction(ctorA) && ctorA instanceof ctorA &&
+            isFunction(ctorB) && ctorB instanceof ctorB
+          )) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    stackA || (stackA = []);
+    stackB || (stackB = []);
+
+    var length = stackA.length;
+    while (length--) {
+      if (stackA[length] == a) {
+        return stackB[length] == b;
+      }
+    }
+    var result = true,
+        size = 0;
+
+    stackA.push(a);
+    stackB.push(b);
+
+    if (isArr) {
+      size = b.length;
+      result = size == a.length;
+
+      if (result) {
+        while (size--) {
+          if (!(result = isEqual(a[size], b[size], stackA, stackB))) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+    forIn(b, function(value, key, b) {
+      if (hasOwnProperty.call(b, key)) {
+        size++;
+        return !(result = hasOwnProperty.call(a, key) && isEqual(a[key], value, stackA, stackB)) && indicatorObject;
+      }
+    });
+
+    if (result) {
+      forIn(a, function(value, key, a) {
+        if (hasOwnProperty.call(a, key)) {
+          return !(result = --size > -1) && indicatorObject;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is, or can be coerced to, a finite number.
+   *
+   * Note: This is not the same as native `isFinite`, which will return true for
+   * booleans and empty strings. See http://es5.github.com/#x15.1.2.5.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is finite, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isFinite(-101);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.isFinite('10');
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.isFinite(true);
+   * // => false
+   *
+   * _.isFinite('');
+   * // => false
+   *
+   * _.isFinite(Infinity);
+   * // => false
+   */
+  function isFinite(value) {
+    return nativeIsFinite(value) && !nativeIsNaN(parseFloat(value));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is a function.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a function, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isFunction(_);
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isFunction(value) {
+    return typeof value == 'function';
+  }
+  // fallback for older versions of Chrome and Safari
+  if (isFunction(/x/)) {
+    isFunction = function(value) {
+      return typeof value == 'function' && toString.call(value) == funcClass;
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is the language type of Object.
+   * (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is an object, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isObject({});
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.isObject(1);
+   * // => false
+   */
+  function isObject(value) {
+    // check if the value is the ECMAScript language type of Object
+    // http://es5.github.com/#x8
+    // and avoid a V8 bug
+    // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291
+    return !!(value && objectTypes[typeof value]);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.
+   *
+   * Note: This is not the same as native `isNaN`, which will return `true` for
+   * `undefined` and other values. See http://es5.github.com/#x15.1.2.4.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isNaN(NaN);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * isNaN(undefined);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.isNaN(undefined);
+   * // => false
+   */
+  function isNaN(value) {
+    // `NaN` as a primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself
+    // (perform the [[Class]] check first to avoid errors with some host objects in IE)
+    return isNumber(value) && value != +value
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is `null`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is `null`, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isNull(null);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.isNull(undefined);
+   * // => false
+   */
+  function isNull(value) {
+    return value === null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is a number.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a number, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isNumber(8.4 * 5);
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isNumber(value) {
+    return typeof value == 'number' || toString.call(value) == numberClass;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is a regular expression.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a regular expression, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isRegExp(/moe/);
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isRegExp(value) {
+    return !!(value && objectTypes[typeof value]) && toString.call(value) == regexpClass;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is a string.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a string, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isString('moe');
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isString(value) {
+    return typeof value == 'string' || toString.call(value) == stringClass;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if `value` is `undefined`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is `undefined`, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.isUndefined(void 0);
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function isUndefined(value) {
+    return typeof value == 'undefined';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a shallow clone of `object` excluding the specified properties.
+   * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of
+   * property names. If a `callback` function is passed, it will be executed
+   * for each property in the `object`, omitting the properties `callback`
+   * returns truthy for. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
+   * with three arguments; (value, key, object).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The source object.
+   * @param {Function|String} callback|[prop1, prop2, ...] The properties to omit
+   *  or the function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns an object without the omitted properties.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.omit({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, 'age');
+   * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+   *
+   * _.omit({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, function(value) {
+   *   return typeof value == 'number';
+   * });
+   * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+   */
+  function omit(object) {
+    var indexOf = getIndexOf(),
+        props = concat.apply(arrayRef, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1)),
+        result = {};
+
+    forIn(object, function(value, key) {
+      if (indexOf(props, key) < 0) {
+        result[key] = value;
+      }
+    });
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a two dimensional array of the given object's key-value pairs,
+   * i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns new array of key-value pairs.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.pairs({ 'moe': 30, 'larry': 40 });
+   * // => [['moe', 30], ['larry', 40]] (order is not guaranteed)
+   */
+  function pairs(object) {
+    var index = -1,
+        props = keys(object),
+        length = props.length,
+        result = Array(length);
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      var key = props[index];
+      result[index] = [key, object[key]];
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a shallow clone of `object` composed of the specified properties.
+   * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of property
+   * names. If `callback` is passed, it will be executed for each property in the
+   * `object`, picking the properties `callback` returns truthy for. The `callback`
+   * is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, key, object).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The source object.
+   * @param {Array|Function|String} callback|[prop1, prop2, ...] The function called
+   *  per iteration or properties to pick, either as individual arguments or arrays.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the picked properties.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.pick({ 'name': 'moe', '_userid': 'moe1' }, 'name');
+   * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+   *
+   * _.pick({ 'name': 'moe', '_userid': 'moe1' }, function(value, key) {
+   *   return key.charAt(0) != '_';
+   * });
+   * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+   */
+  function pick(object) {
+    var index = -1,
+        props = concat.apply(arrayRef, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1)),
+        length = props.length,
+        result = {};
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      var prop = props[index];
+      if (prop in object) {
+        result[prop] = object[prop];
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property values of `object`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Objects
+   * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.values({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
+   * // => [1, 2, 3] (order is not guaranteed)
+   */
+  function values(object) {
+    var index = -1,
+        props = keys(object),
+        length = props.length,
+        result = Array(length);
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      result[index] = object[props[index]];
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if a given `target` element is present in a `collection` using strict
+   * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If `fromIndex` is negative, it is used
+   * as the offset from the end of the collection.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias include
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Mixed} target The value to check for.
+   * @param {Number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `target` element is found, else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 1);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
+   * // => false
+   *
+   * _.contains({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, 'moe');
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * _.contains('curly', 'ur');
+   * // => true
+   */
+  function contains(collection, target) {
+    var indexOf = getIndexOf(),
+        length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+        result = false;
+    if (length && typeof length == 'number') {
+      result = indexOf(collection, target) > -1;
+    } else {
+      forOwn(collection, function(value) {
+        return (result = value === target) && indicatorObject;
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an object composed of keys returned from running each element of the
+   * `collection` through the given `callback`. The corresponding value of each key
+   * is the number of times the key was returned by the `callback`. The `callback`
+   * is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+   *
+   * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+   * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+   *
+   * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+   * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+   * else `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+   *  iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+   *  a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
+   * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
+   *
+   * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
+   * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
+   *
+   * _.countBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
+   * // => { '3': 2, '5': 1 }
+   */
+  function countBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+    var result = {};
+    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+    forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+      key = String(callback(value, key, collection));
+      (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key]++ : result[key] = 1);
+    });
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if the `callback` returns a truthy value for **all** elements of a
+   * `collection`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+   * arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+   *
+   * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+   * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+   *
+   * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+   * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+   * else `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias all
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+   *  iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+   *  a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the callback check,
+   *  else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
+   * // => false
+   *
+   * var stooges = [
+   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+   * _.every(stooges, 'age');
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+   * _.every(stooges, { 'age': 50 });
+   * // => false
+   */
+  function every(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+    var result = true;
+    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+    var index = -1,
+        length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+    if (typeof length == 'number') {
+      while (++index < length) {
+        if (!(result = !!callback(collection[index], index, collection))) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+        return !(result = !!callback(value, index, collection)) && indicatorObject;
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning an array of all elements
+   * the `callback` returns truthy for. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and
+   * invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+   *
+   * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+   * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+   *
+   * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+   * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+   * else `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias select
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+   *  iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+   *  a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that passed the callback check.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var evens = _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
+   * // => [2, 4, 6]
+   *
+   * var food = [
+   *   { 'name': 'apple',  'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+   *   { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true,  'type': 'vegetable' }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+   * _.filter(food, 'organic');
+   * // => [{ 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }]
+   *
+   * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+   * _.filter(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
+   * // => [{ 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' }]
+   */
+  function filter(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+    var result = [];
+    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+    var index = -1,
+        length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+    if (typeof length == 'number') {
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var value = collection[index];
+        if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+          result.push(value);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+        if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+          result.push(value);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning the first that the `callback`
+   * returns truthy for. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+   * arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+   *
+   * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+   * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+   *
+   * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+   * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+   * else `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias detect, findWhere
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+   *  iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+   *  a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the found element, else `undefined`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.find([1, 2, 3, 4], function(num) {
+   *   return num % 2 == 0;
+   * });
+   * // => 2
+   *
+   * var food = [
+   *   { 'name': 'apple',  'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+   *   { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true,  'type': 'fruit' },
+   *   { 'name': 'beet',   'organic': false, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+   * _.find(food, { 'type': 'vegetable' });
+   * // => { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+   *
+   * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+   * _.find(food, 'organic');
+   * // => { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true, 'type': 'fruit' }
+   */
+  function find(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+    var index = -1,
+        length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+    if (typeof length == 'number') {
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var value = collection[index];
+        if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+          return value;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      var result;
+      forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+        if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+          result = value;
+          return indicatorObject;
+        }
+      });
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning the first that
+   * has the given `properties`. When checking `properties`, this method
+   * performs a deep comparison between values to determine if they are
+   * equivalent to each other.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Object} properties The object of property values to filter by.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the found element, else `undefined`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var food = [
+   *   { 'name': 'apple',  'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+   *   { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true,  'type': 'fruit' },
+   *   { 'name': 'beet',   'organic': false, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * _.findWhere(food, { 'type': 'vegetable' });
+   * // => { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+   */
+  function findWhere(object, properties) {
+    return where(object, properties, true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Iterates over a `collection`, executing the `callback` for each element in
+   * the `collection`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+   * arguments; (value, index|key, collection). Callbacks may exit iteration early
+   * by explicitly returning `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias each
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Array|Object|String} Returns `collection`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _([1, 2, 3]).forEach(alert).join(',');
+   * // => alerts each number and returns '1,2,3'
+   *
+   * _.forEach({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, alert);
+   * // => alerts each number value (order is not guaranteed)
+   */
+  function forEach(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+    callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+    if (typeof length == 'number') {
+      while (++index < length) {
+        if (callback(collection[index], index, collection) === indicatorObject) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      forOwn(collection, callback);
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an object composed of keys returned from running each element of the
+   * `collection` through the `callback`. The corresponding value of each key is
+   * an array of elements passed to `callback` that returned the key. The `callback`
+   * is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+   *
+   * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+   * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+   *
+   * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+   * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+   * else `false`
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+   *  iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+   *  a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
+   * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
+   *
+   * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
+   * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
+   *
+   * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+   * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
+   * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }
+   */
+  function groupBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+    var result = {};
+    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+    forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+      key = String(callback(value, key, collection));
+      (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key] : result[key] = []).push(value);
+    });
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Invokes the method named by `methodName` on each element in the `collection`,
+   * returning an array of the results of each invoked method. Additional arguments
+   * will be passed to each invoked method. If `methodName` is a function, it will
+   * be invoked for, and `this` bound to, each element in the `collection`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function|String} methodName The name of the method to invoke or
+   *  the function invoked per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to invoke the method with.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each invoked method.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
+   * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
+   *
+   * _.invoke([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
+   * // => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]
+   */
+  function invoke(collection, methodName) {
+    var args = nativeSlice.call(arguments, 2),
+        index = -1,
+        isFunc = typeof methodName == 'function',
+        length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+        result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);
+
+    forEach(collection, function(value) {
+      result[++index] = (isFunc ? methodName : value[methodName]).apply(value, args);
+    });
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an array of values by running each element in the `collection`
+   * through the `callback`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
+   * three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+   *
+   * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+   * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+   *
+   * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+   * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+   * else `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias collect
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+   *  iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+   *  a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each `callback` execution.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.map([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return num * 3; });
+   * // => [3, 6, 9]
+   *
+   * _.map({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { return num * 3; });
+   * // => [3, 6, 9] (order is not guaranteed)
+   *
+   * var stooges = [
+   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+   * _.map(stooges, 'name');
+   * // => ['moe', 'larry']
+   */
+  function map(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+    if (typeof length == 'number') {
+      var result = Array(length);
+      while (++index < length) {
+        result[index] = callback(collection[index], index, collection);
+      }
+    } else {
+      result = [];
+      forOwn(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+        result[++index] = callback(value, key, collection);
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves the maximum value of an `array`. If `callback` is passed,
+   * it will be executed for each value in the `array` to generate the
+   * criterion by which the value is ranked. The `callback` is bound to
+   * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, collection).
+   *
+   * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+   * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+   *
+   * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+   * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+   * else `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+   *  iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+   *  a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the maximum value.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);
+   * // => 8
+   *
+   * var stooges = [
+   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * _.max(stooges, function(stooge) { return stooge.age; });
+   * // => { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 };
+   *
+   * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+   * _.max(stooges, 'age');
+   * // => { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 };
+   */
+  function max(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+    var computed = -Infinity,
+        result = computed;
+
+    var index = -1,
+        length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+    if (!callback && typeof length == 'number') {
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var value = collection[index];
+        if (value > result) {
+          result = value;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+      forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+        var current = callback(value, index, collection);
+        if (current > computed) {
+          computed = current;
+          result = value;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves the minimum value of an `array`. If `callback` is passed,
+   * it will be executed for each value in the `array` to generate the
+   * criterion by which the value is ranked. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg`
+   * and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, collection).
+   *
+   * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+   * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+   *
+   * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+   * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+   * else `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+   *  iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+   *  a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the minimum value.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);
+   * // => 2
+   *
+   * var stooges = [
+   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * _.min(stooges, function(stooge) { return stooge.age; });
+   * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
+   *
+   * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+   * _.min(stooges, 'age');
+   * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
+   */
+  function min(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+    var computed = Infinity,
+        result = computed;
+
+    var index = -1,
+        length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+    if (!callback && typeof length == 'number') {
+      while (++index < length) {
+        var value = collection[index];
+        if (value < result) {
+          result = value;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+      forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+        var current = callback(value, index, collection);
+        if (current < computed) {
+          computed = current;
+          result = value;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves the value of a specified property from all elements in the `collection`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @type Function
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {String} property The property to pluck.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var stooges = [
+   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * _.pluck(stooges, 'name');
+   * // => ['moe', 'larry']
+   */
+  function pluck(collection, property) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+    if (typeof length == 'number') {
+      var result = Array(length);
+      while (++index < length) {
+        result[index] = collection[index][property];
+      }
+    }
+    return result || map(collection, property);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reduces a `collection` to a value which is the accumulated result of running
+   * each element in the `collection` through the `callback`, where each successive
+   * `callback` execution consumes the return value of the previous execution.
+   * If `accumulator` is not passed, the first element of the `collection` will be
+   * used as the initial `accumulator` value. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg`
+   * and invoked with four arguments; (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias foldl, inject
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the accumulated value.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var sum = _.reduce([1, 2, 3], function(sum, num) {
+   *   return sum + num;
+   * });
+   * // => 6
+   *
+   * var mapped = _.reduce({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, function(result, num, key) {
+   *   result[key] = num * 3;
+   *   return result;
+   * }, {});
+   * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6, 'c': 9 }
+   */
+  function reduce(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
+    if (!collection) return accumulator;
+    var noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
+    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);
+
+    var index = -1,
+        length = collection.length;
+
+    if (typeof length == 'number') {
+      if (noaccum) {
+        accumulator = collection[++index];
+      }
+      while (++index < length) {
+        accumulator = callback(accumulator, collection[index], index, collection);
+      }
+    } else {
+      forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+        accumulator = noaccum
+          ? (noaccum = false, value)
+          : callback(accumulator, value, index, collection)
+      });
+    }
+    return accumulator;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This method is similar to `_.reduce`, except that it iterates over a
+   * `collection` from right to left.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias foldr
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+   * @param {Mixed} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the accumulated value.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var list = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
+   * var flat = _.reduceRight(list, function(a, b) { return a.concat(b); }, []);
+   * // => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
+   */
+  function reduceRight(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
+    var iterable = collection,
+        length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+        noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
+
+    if (typeof length != 'number') {
+      var props = keys(collection);
+      length = props.length;
+    }
+    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);
+    forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+      index = props ? props[--length] : --length;
+      accumulator = noaccum
+        ? (noaccum = false, iterable[index])
+        : callback(accumulator, iterable[index], index, collection);
+    });
+    return accumulator;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The opposite of `_.filter`, this method returns the elements of a
+   * `collection` that `callback` does **not** return truthy for.
+   *
+   * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+   * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+   *
+   * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+   * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+   * else `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+   *  iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+   *  a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that did **not** pass the
+   *  callback check.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var odds = _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
+   * // => [1, 3, 5]
+   *
+   * var food = [
+   *   { 'name': 'apple',  'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+   *   { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true,  'type': 'vegetable' }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+   * _.reject(food, 'organic');
+   * // => [{ 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' }]
+   *
+   * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+   * _.reject(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
+   * // => [{ 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }]
+   */
+  function reject(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+    return filter(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+      return !callback(value, index, collection);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an array of shuffled `array` values, using a version of the
+   * Fisher-Yates shuffle. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to shuffle.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new shuffled collection.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
+   * // => [4, 1, 6, 3, 5, 2]
+   */
+  function shuffle(collection) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+        result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);
+
+    forEach(collection, function(value) {
+      var rand = floor(nativeRandom() * (++index + 1));
+      result[index] = result[rand];
+      result[rand] = value;
+    });
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the size of the `collection` by returning `collection.length` for arrays
+   * and array-like objects or the number of own enumerable properties for objects.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to inspect.
+   * @returns {Number} Returns `collection.length` or number of own enumerable properties.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.size([1, 2]);
+   * // => 2
+   *
+   * _.size({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
+   * // => 3
+   *
+   * _.size('curly');
+   * // => 5
+   */
+  function size(collection) {
+    var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+    return typeof length == 'number' ? length : keys(collection).length;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if the `callback` returns a truthy value for **any** element of a
+   * `collection`. The function returns as soon as it finds passing value, and
+   * does not iterate over the entire `collection`. The `callback` is bound to
+   * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+   *
+   * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+   * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+   *
+   * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+   * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+   * else `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias any
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+   *  iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+   *  a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the callback check,
+   *  else `false`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * var food = [
+   *   { 'name': 'apple',  'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+   *   { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true,  'type': 'vegetable' }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+   * _.some(food, 'organic');
+   * // => true
+   *
+   * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+   * _.some(food, { 'type': 'meat' });
+   * // => false
+   */
+  function some(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+    var result;
+    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+    var index = -1,
+        length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+    if (typeof length == 'number') {
+      while (++index < length) {
+        if ((result = callback(collection[index], index, collection))) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+        return (result = callback(value, index, collection)) && indicatorObject;
+      });
+    }
+    return !!result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of
+   * running each element in the `collection` through the `callback`. This method
+   * performs a stable sort, that is, it will preserve the original sort order of
+   * equal elements. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+   * arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+   *
+   * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+   * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+   *
+   * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+   * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+   * else `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+   *  iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+   *  a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of sorted elements.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return Math.sin(num); });
+   * // => [3, 1, 2]
+   *
+   * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return this.sin(num); }, Math);
+   * // => [3, 1, 2]
+   *
+   * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+   * _.sortBy(['banana', 'strawberry', 'apple'], 'length');
+   * // => ['apple', 'banana', 'strawberry']
+   */
+  function sortBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+        result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);
+
+    callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+    forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+      result[++index] = {
+        'criteria': callback(value, key, collection),
+        'index': index,
+        'value': value
+      };
+    });
+
+    length = result.length;
+    result.sort(compareAscending);
+    while (length--) {
+      result[length] = result[length].value;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts the `collection` to an array.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to convert.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns the new converted array.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * (function() { return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1); })(1, 2, 3, 4);
+   * // => [2, 3, 4]
+   */
+  function toArray(collection) {
+    if (isArray(collection)) {
+      return nativeSlice.call(collection);
+    }
+    if (collection && typeof collection.length == 'number') {
+      return map(collection);
+    }
+    return values(collection);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning an array of all elements
+   * that have the given `properties`. When checking `properties`, this method
+   * performs a deep comparison between values to determine if they are equivalent
+   * to each other.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @type Function
+   * @category Collections
+   * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+   * @param {Object} properties The object of property values to filter by.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that have the given `properties`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * var stooges = [
+   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+   *   { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * _.where(stooges, { 'age': 40 });
+   * // => [{ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }]
+   */
+  function where(collection, properties, first) {
+    return (first && isEmpty(properties))
+      ? null
+      : (first ? find : filter)(collection, properties);
+  }
+
+  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an array with all falsey values of `array` removed. The values
+   * `false`, `null`, `0`, `""`, `undefined` and `NaN` are all falsey.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new filtered array.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
+   * // => [1, 2, 3]
+   */
+  function compact(array) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = array ? array.length : 0,
+        result = [];
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      var value = array[index];
+      if (value) {
+        result.push(value);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an array of `array` elements not present in the other arrays
+   * using strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to process.
+   * @param {Array} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to check.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of `array` elements not present in the
+   *  other arrays.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.difference([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]);
+   * // => [1, 3, 4]
+   */
+  function difference(array) {
+    var index = -1,
+        indexOf = getIndexOf(),
+        length = array.length,
+        flattened = concat.apply(arrayRef, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1)),
+        result = [];
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      var value = array[index];
+      if (indexOf(flattened, value) < 0) {
+        result.push(value);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the first element of the `array`. If a number `n` is passed, the first
+   * `n` elements of the `array` are returned. If a `callback` function is passed,
+   * elements at the beginning of the array are returned as long as the `callback`
+   * returns truthy. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+   * arguments; (value, index, array).
+   *
+   * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+   * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+   *
+   * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+   * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+   * else `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @alias head, take
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+   * @param {Function|Object|Number|String} [callback|n] The function called
+   *  per element or the number of elements to return. If a property name or
+   *  object is passed, it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
+   *  style callback, respectively.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the first element(s) of `array`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.first([1, 2, 3]);
+   * // => 1
+   *
+   * _.first([1, 2, 3], 2);
+   * // => [1, 2]
+   *
+   * _.first([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
+   *   return num < 3;
+   * });
+   * // => [1, 2]
+   *
+   * var food = [
+   *   { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true },
+   *   { 'name': 'beet',   'organic': false },
+   * ];
+   *
+   * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+   * _.first(food, 'organic');
+   * // => [{ 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true }]
+   *
+   * var food = [
+   *   { 'name': 'apple',  'type': 'fruit' },
+   *   { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' },
+   *   { 'name': 'beet',   'type': 'vegetable' }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+   * _.first(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
+   * // => [{ 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' }, { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' }]
+   */
+  function first(array, callback, thisArg) {
+    if (array) {
+      var n = 0,
+          length = array.length;
+
+      if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
+        var index = -1;
+        callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+        while (++index < length && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
+          n++;
+        }
+      } else {
+        n = callback;
+        if (n == null || thisArg) {
+          return array[0];
+        }
+      }
+      return nativeSlice.call(array, 0, nativeMin(nativeMax(0, n), length));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Flattens a nested array (the nesting can be to any depth). If `isShallow`
+   * is truthy, `array` will only be flattened a single level. If `callback`
+   * is passed, each element of `array` is passed through a `callback` before
+   * flattening. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+   * arguments; (value, index, array).
+   *
+   * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+   * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+   *
+   * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+   * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+   * else `false`.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
+   * @param {Boolean} [isShallow=false] A flag to indicate only flattening a single level.
+   * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+   *  iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+   *  a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+   * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+   * @returns {Array} Returns a new flattened array.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]]);
+   * // => [1, 2, 3, 4];
+   *
+   * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]], true);
+   * // => [1, 2, 3, [[4]]];
+   *
+   * var stooges = [
+   *   { 'name': 'curly', 'quotes': ['Oh, a wise guy, eh?', 'Poifect!'] },
+   *   { 'name': 'moe', 'quotes': ['Spread out!', 'You knucklehead!'] }
+   * ];
+   *
+   * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+   * _.flatten(stooges, 'quotes');
+   * // => ['Oh, a wise guy, eh?', 'Poifect!', 'Spread out!', 'You knucklehead!']
+   */
+  function flatten(array, isShallow) {
+    var index = -1,
+        length = array ? array.length : 0,
+        result = [];
+
+    while (++index < length) {
+      var value = array[index];
+      if (isArray(value)) {
+        push.apply(result, isShallow ? value : flatten(value));
+      } else {
+        result.push(value);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found using
+   * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the `array` is already
+   * sorted, passing `true` for `fromIndex` will run a faster binary search.
+   *
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf _
+   * @category Arrays
+   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+   * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
+   * @param {Boolean|Number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from or `true` to
+   *  perform a binary search on a sorted `array`.
+   * @returns {Number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
+   * @example
+   *
+   * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
+   * // => 1
+   *
+   * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
+   * // => 4
+   *
+   * _.indexOf([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3], 2, true);
+   * // => 2
+   */
+  function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+    if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
+      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+      fromIndex = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, length + fromIndex) : fromIndex || 0);
+    } else if (fromIndex) {
+      var index = sortedIndex(array, value);
+      return array[index] === value ? index : -1;
+    }
+    return array ? basicIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) : -1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets all but the last element of `array`. If a number `n` is passed, the
+   * last `n` elements are excluded from the result. If a `callback` function
+   * is passed, elements at the end of the array are excluded from the result
+   * as long as the `callback` returns truthy. The `callback` is bound to
+   * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
+   *
+   * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+   * callback will return

<TRUNCATED>