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Posted to commits@couchdb.apache.org by ns...@apache.org on 2013/12/14 12:41:30 UTC
[24/51] [partial] Bring Fauxton directories together
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/couchdb/blob/c14b2991/share/www/fauxton/src/assets/js/libs/lodash.js
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+/**
+ * @license
+ * Lo-Dash 1.3.1 (Custom Build) <http://lodash.com/>
+ * Build: `lodash underscore exports="amd,commonjs,global,node" -o ./dist/lodash.underscore.js`
+ * Copyright 2012-2013 The Dojo Foundation <http://dojofoundation.org/>
+ * Based on Underscore.js 1.4.4 <http://underscorejs.org/>
+ * Copyright 2009-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
+ * Available under MIT license <http://lodash.com/license>
+ */
+;(function(window) {
+
+ /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre ES5 environments */
+ var undefined;
+
+ /** Used to generate unique IDs */
+ var idCounter = 0;
+
+ /** Used internally to indicate various things */
+ var indicatorObject = {};
+
+ /** Used to prefix keys to avoid issues with `__proto__` and properties on `Object.prototype` */
+ var keyPrefix = +new Date + '';
+
+ /** Used as the size when optimizations are enabled for large arrays */
+ var largeArraySize = 75;
+
+ /** Used to match empty string literals in compiled template source */
+ var reEmptyStringLeading = /\b__p \+= '';/g,
+ reEmptyStringMiddle = /\b(__p \+=) '' \+/g,
+ reEmptyStringTrailing = /(__e\(.*?\)|\b__t\)) \+\n'';/g;
+
+ /** Used to match HTML entities */
+ var reEscapedHtml = /&(?:amp|lt|gt|quot|#39);/g;
+
+ /**
+ * Used to match ES6 template delimiters
+ * http://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-7.8.6
+ */
+ var reEsTemplate = /\$\{([^\\}]*(?:\\.[^\\}]*)*)\}/g;
+
+ /** Used to match regexp flags from their coerced string values */
+ var reFlags = /\w*$/;
+
+ /** Used to match "interpolate" template delimiters */
+ var reInterpolate = /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g;
+
+ /** Used to ensure capturing order of template delimiters */
+ var reNoMatch = /($^)/;
+
+ /** Used to match HTML characters */
+ var reUnescapedHtml = /[&<>"']/g;
+
+ /** Used to match unescaped characters in compiled string literals */
+ var reUnescapedString = /['\n\r\t\u2028\u2029\\]/g;
+
+ /** Used to make template sourceURLs easier to identify */
+ var templateCounter = 0;
+
+ /** `Object#toString` result shortcuts */
+ var argsClass = '[object Arguments]',
+ arrayClass = '[object Array]',
+ boolClass = '[object Boolean]',
+ dateClass = '[object Date]',
+ errorClass = '[object Error]',
+ funcClass = '[object Function]',
+ numberClass = '[object Number]',
+ objectClass = '[object Object]',
+ regexpClass = '[object RegExp]',
+ stringClass = '[object String]';
+
+ /** Used to determine if values are of the language type Object */
+ var objectTypes = {
+ 'boolean': false,
+ 'function': true,
+ 'object': true,
+ 'number': false,
+ 'string': false,
+ 'undefined': false
+ };
+
+ /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals */
+ var stringEscapes = {
+ '\\': '\\',
+ "'": "'",
+ '\n': 'n',
+ '\r': 'r',
+ '\t': 't',
+ '\u2028': 'u2028',
+ '\u2029': 'u2029'
+ };
+
+ /** Detect free variable `exports` */
+ var freeExports = objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports;
+
+ /** Detect free variable `module` */
+ var freeModule = objectTypes[typeof module] && module && module.exports == freeExports && module;
+
+ /** Detect free variable `global`, from Node.js or Browserified code, and use it as `window` */
+ var freeGlobal = objectTypes[typeof global] && global;
+ if (freeGlobal && (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal)) {
+ window = freeGlobal;
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * A basic implementation of `_.indexOf` without support for binary searches
+ * or `fromIndex` constraints.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
+ * @param {Number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
+ * @returns {Number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
+ */
+ function basicIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+ var index = (fromIndex || 0) - 1,
+ length = array.length;
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ if (array[index] === value) {
+ return index;
+ }
+ }
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Used by `sortBy` to compare transformed `collection` values, stable sorting
+ * them in ascending order.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Object} a The object to compare to `b`.
+ * @param {Object} b The object to compare to `a`.
+ * @returns {Number} Returns the sort order indicator of `1` or `-1`.
+ */
+ function compareAscending(a, b) {
+ var ai = a.index,
+ bi = b.index;
+
+ a = a.criteria;
+ b = b.criteria;
+
+ // ensure a stable sort in V8 and other engines
+ // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90
+ if (a !== b) {
+ if (a > b || typeof a == 'undefined') {
+ return 1;
+ }
+ if (a < b || typeof b == 'undefined') {
+ return -1;
+ }
+ }
+ return ai < bi ? -1 : 1;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Used by `template` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled
+ * string literals.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {String} match The matched character to escape.
+ * @returns {String} Returns the escaped character.
+ */
+ function escapeStringChar(match) {
+ return '\\' + stringEscapes[match];
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * A no-operation function.
+ *
+ * @private
+ */
+ function noop() {
+ // no operation performed
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Used for `Array` method references.
+ *
+ * Normally `Array.prototype` would suffice, however, using an array literal
+ * avoids issues in Narwhal.
+ */
+ var arrayRef = [];
+
+ /** Used for native method references */
+ var objectProto = Object.prototype,
+ stringProto = String.prototype;
+
+ /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `noConflict` */
+ var oldDash = window._;
+
+ /** Used to detect if a method is native */
+ var reNative = RegExp('^' +
+ String(objectProto.valueOf)
+ .replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')
+ .replace(/valueOf|for [^\]]+/g, '.+?') + '$'
+ );
+
+ /** Native method shortcuts */
+ var ceil = Math.ceil,
+ clearTimeout = window.clearTimeout,
+ concat = arrayRef.concat,
+ floor = Math.floor,
+ hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty,
+ push = arrayRef.push,
+ propertyIsEnumerable = objectProto.propertyIsEnumerable,
+ setTimeout = window.setTimeout,
+ toString = objectProto.toString;
+
+ /* Native method shortcuts for methods with the same name as other `lodash` methods */
+ var nativeBind = reNative.test(nativeBind = toString.bind) && nativeBind,
+ nativeCreate = reNative.test(nativeCreate = Object.create) && nativeCreate,
+ nativeIsArray = reNative.test(nativeIsArray = Array.isArray) && nativeIsArray,
+ nativeIsFinite = window.isFinite,
+ nativeIsNaN = window.isNaN,
+ nativeKeys = reNative.test(nativeKeys = Object.keys) && nativeKeys,
+ nativeMax = Math.max,
+ nativeMin = Math.min,
+ nativeRandom = Math.random,
+ nativeSlice = arrayRef.slice;
+
+ /** Detect various environments */
+ var isIeOpera = reNative.test(window.attachEvent),
+ isV8 = nativeBind && !/\n|true/.test(nativeBind + isIeOpera);
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a `lodash` object, which wraps the given `value`, to enable method
+ * chaining.
+ *
+ * In addition to Lo-Dash methods, wrappers also have the following `Array` methods:
+ * `concat`, `join`, `pop`, `push`, `reverse`, `shift`, `slice`, `sort`, `splice`,
+ * and `unshift`
+ *
+ * Chaining is supported in custom builds as long as the `value` method is
+ * implicitly or explicitly included in the build.
+ *
+ * The chainable wrapper functions are:
+ * `after`, `assign`, `bind`, `bindAll`, `bindKey`, `chain`, `compact`,
+ * `compose`, `concat`, `countBy`, `createCallback`, `debounce`, `defaults`,
+ * `defer`, `delay`, `difference`, `filter`, `flatten`, `forEach`, `forIn`,
+ * `forOwn`, `functions`, `groupBy`, `initial`, `intersection`, `invert`,
+ * `invoke`, `keys`, `map`, `max`, `memoize`, `merge`, `min`, `object`, `omit`,
+ * `once`, `pairs`, `partial`, `partialRight`, `pick`, `pluck`, `push`, `range`,
+ * `reject`, `rest`, `reverse`, `shuffle`, `slice`, `sort`, `sortBy`, `splice`,
+ * `tap`, `throttle`, `times`, `toArray`, `transform`, `union`, `uniq`, `unshift`,
+ * `unzip`, `values`, `where`, `without`, `wrap`, and `zip`
+ *
+ * The non-chainable wrapper functions are:
+ * `clone`, `cloneDeep`, `contains`, `escape`, `every`, `find`, `has`,
+ * `identity`, `indexOf`, `isArguments`, `isArray`, `isBoolean`, `isDate`,
+ * `isElement`, `isEmpty`, `isEqual`, `isFinite`, `isFunction`, `isNaN`,
+ * `isNull`, `isNumber`, `isObject`, `isPlainObject`, `isRegExp`, `isString`,
+ * `isUndefined`, `join`, `lastIndexOf`, `mixin`, `noConflict`, `parseInt`,
+ * `pop`, `random`, `reduce`, `reduceRight`, `result`, `shift`, `size`, `some`,
+ * `sortedIndex`, `runInContext`, `template`, `unescape`, `uniqueId`, and `value`
+ *
+ * The wrapper functions `first` and `last` return wrapped values when `n` is
+ * passed, otherwise they return unwrapped values.
+ *
+ * @name _
+ * @constructor
+ * @alias chain
+ * @category Chaining
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var wrapped = _([1, 2, 3]);
+ *
+ * // returns an unwrapped value
+ * wrapped.reduce(function(sum, num) {
+ * return sum + num;
+ * });
+ * // => 6
+ *
+ * // returns a wrapped value
+ * var squares = wrapped.map(function(num) {
+ * return num * num;
+ * });
+ *
+ * _.isArray(squares);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isArray(squares.value());
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function lodash(value) {
+ return (value instanceof lodash)
+ ? value
+ : new lodashWrapper(value);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * A fast path for creating `lodash` wrapper objects.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.
+ */
+ function lodashWrapper(value) {
+ this.__wrapped__ = value;
+ }
+ // ensure `new lodashWrapper` is an instance of `lodash`
+ lodashWrapper.prototype = lodash.prototype;
+
+ /**
+ * An object used to flag environments features.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Object
+ */
+ var support = {};
+
+ (function() {
+ var object = { '0': 1, 'length': 1 };
+
+ /**
+ * Detect if `Function#bind` exists and is inferred to be fast (all but V8).
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.support
+ * @type Boolean
+ */
+ support.fastBind = nativeBind && !isV8;
+
+ /**
+ * Detect if `Array#shift` and `Array#splice` augment array-like objects correctly.
+ *
+ * Firefox < 10, IE compatibility mode, and IE < 9 have buggy Array `shift()`
+ * and `splice()` functions that fail to remove the last element, `value[0]`,
+ * of array-like objects even though the `length` property is set to `0`.
+ * The `shift()` method is buggy in IE 8 compatibility mode, while `splice()`
+ * is buggy regardless of mode in IE < 9 and buggy in compatibility mode in IE 9.
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.support
+ * @type Boolean
+ */
+ support.spliceObjects = (arrayRef.splice.call(object, 0, 1), !object[0]);
+ }(1));
+
+ /**
+ * By default, the template delimiters used by Lo-Dash are similar to those in
+ * embedded Ruby (ERB). Change the following template settings to use alternative
+ * delimiters.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Object
+ */
+ lodash.templateSettings = {
+
+ /**
+ * Used to detect `data` property values to be HTML-escaped.
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+ * @type RegExp
+ */
+ 'escape': /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+
+ /**
+ * Used to detect code to be evaluated.
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+ * @type RegExp
+ */
+ 'evaluate': /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+
+ /**
+ * Used to detect `data` property values to inject.
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+ * @type RegExp
+ */
+ 'interpolate': reInterpolate,
+
+ /**
+ * Used to reference the data object in the template text.
+ *
+ * @memberOf _.templateSettings
+ * @type String
+ */
+ 'variable': ''
+ };
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with the `this` binding
+ * of `thisArg` and prepends any `partialArgs` to the arguments passed to the
+ * bound function.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Function|String} func The function to bind or the method name.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
+ * @param {Array} partialArgs An array of arguments to be partially applied.
+ * @param {Object} [idicator] Used to indicate binding by key or partially
+ * applying arguments from the right.
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
+ */
+ function createBound(func, thisArg, partialArgs, indicator) {
+ var isFunc = isFunction(func),
+ isPartial = !partialArgs,
+ key = thisArg;
+
+ // juggle arguments
+ if (isPartial) {
+ var rightIndicator = indicator;
+ partialArgs = thisArg;
+ }
+ else if (!isFunc) {
+ if (!indicator) {
+ throw new TypeError;
+ }
+ thisArg = func;
+ }
+
+ function bound() {
+ // `Function#bind` spec
+ // http://es5.github.com/#x15.3.4.5
+ var args = arguments,
+ thisBinding = isPartial ? this : thisArg;
+
+ if (!isFunc) {
+ func = thisArg[key];
+ }
+ if (partialArgs.length) {
+ args = args.length
+ ? (args = nativeSlice.call(args), rightIndicator ? args.concat(partialArgs) : partialArgs.concat(args))
+ : partialArgs;
+ }
+ if (this instanceof bound) {
+ // ensure `new bound` is an instance of `func`
+ thisBinding = createObject(func.prototype);
+
+ // mimic the constructor's `return` behavior
+ // http://es5.github.com/#x13.2.2
+ var result = func.apply(thisBinding, args);
+ return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;
+ }
+ return func.apply(thisBinding, args);
+ }
+ return bound;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a new object with the specified `prototype`.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {Object} prototype The prototype object.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
+ */
+ function createObject(prototype) {
+ return isObject(prototype) ? nativeCreate(prototype) : {};
+ }
+ // fallback for browsers without `Object.create`
+ if (!nativeCreate) {
+ var createObject = function(prototype) {
+ if (isObject(prototype)) {
+ noop.prototype = prototype;
+ var result = new noop;
+ noop.prototype = null;
+ }
+ return result || {};
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Used by `escape` to convert characters to HTML entities.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {String} match The matched character to escape.
+ * @returns {String} Returns the escaped character.
+ */
+ function escapeHtmlChar(match) {
+ return htmlEscapes[match];
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the appropriate "indexOf" function. If the `_.indexOf` method is
+ * customized, this method returns the custom method, otherwise it returns
+ * the `basicIndexOf` function.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @returns {Function} Returns the "indexOf" function.
+ */
+ function getIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+ var result = (result = lodash.indexOf) === indexOf ? basicIndexOf : result;
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Used by `unescape` to convert HTML entities to characters.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {String} match The matched character to unescape.
+ * @returns {String} Returns the unescaped character.
+ */
+ function unescapeHtmlChar(match) {
+ return htmlUnescapes[match];
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is an `arguments` object.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is an `arguments` object, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * (function() { return _.isArguments(arguments); })(1, 2, 3);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isArguments(value) {
+ return toString.call(value) == argsClass;
+ }
+ // fallback for browsers that can't detect `arguments` objects by [[Class]]
+ if (!isArguments(arguments)) {
+ isArguments = function(value) {
+ return value ? hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'callee') : false;
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is an array.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is an array, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * (function() { return _.isArray(arguments); })();
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ var isArray = nativeIsArray || function(value) {
+ return value ? (typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == arrayClass) : false;
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * A fallback implementation of `Object.keys` which produces an array of the
+ * given object's own enumerable property names.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @type Function
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property names.
+ */
+ var shimKeys = function (object) {
+ var index, iterable = object, result = [];
+ if (!iterable) return result;
+ if (!(objectTypes[typeof object])) return result;
+ for (index in iterable) {
+ if (hasOwnProperty.call(iterable, index)) {
+ result.push(index);
+ }
+ }
+ return result
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property names of `object`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property names.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.keys({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
+ * // => ['one', 'two', 'three'] (order is not guaranteed)
+ */
+ var keys = !nativeKeys ? shimKeys : function(object) {
+ if (!isObject(object)) {
+ return [];
+ }
+ return nativeKeys(object);
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * Used to convert characters to HTML entities:
+ *
+ * Though the `>` character is escaped for symmetry, characters like `>` and `/`
+ * don't require escaping in HTML and have no special meaning unless they're part
+ * of a tag or an unquoted attribute value.
+ * http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/ambiguous-ampersands (under "semi-related fun fact")
+ */
+ var htmlEscapes = {
+ '&': '&',
+ '<': '<',
+ '>': '>',
+ '"': '"',
+ "'": '''
+ };
+
+ /** Used to convert HTML entities to characters */
+ var htmlUnescapes = invert(htmlEscapes);
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
+ * object. Subsequent sources will overwrite property assignments of previous
+ * sources. If a `callback` function is passed, it will be executed to produce
+ * the assigned values. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
+ * two arguments; (objectValue, sourceValue).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @alias extend
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+ * @param {Object} [source1, source2, ...] The source objects.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize assigning values.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.assign({ 'name': 'moe' }, { 'age': 40 });
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }
+ *
+ * var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assign, function(a, b) {
+ * return typeof a == 'undefined' ? b : a;
+ * });
+ *
+ * var food = { 'name': 'apple' };
+ * defaults(food, { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => { 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' }
+ */
+ function assign(object) {
+ if (!object) {
+ return object;
+ }
+ for (var argsIndex = 1, argsLength = arguments.length; argsIndex < argsLength; argsIndex++) {
+ var iterable = arguments[argsIndex];
+ if (iterable) {
+ for (var key in iterable) {
+ object[key] = iterable[key];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return object;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a clone of `value`. If `deep` is `true`, nested objects will also
+ * be cloned, otherwise they will be assigned by reference. If a `callback`
+ * function is passed, it will be executed to produce the cloned values. If
+ * `callback` returns `undefined`, cloning will be handled by the method instead.
+ * The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to clone.
+ * @param {Boolean} [deep=false] A flag to indicate a deep clone.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @param- {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
+ * @param- {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates clones with source counterparts.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the cloned `value`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * var shallow = _.clone(stooges);
+ * shallow[0] === stooges[0];
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * var deep = _.clone(stooges, true);
+ * deep[0] === stooges[0];
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.mixin({
+ * 'clone': _.partialRight(_.clone, function(value) {
+ * return _.isElement(value) ? value.cloneNode(false) : undefined;
+ * })
+ * });
+ *
+ * var clone = _.clone(document.body);
+ * clone.childNodes.length;
+ * // => 0
+ */
+ function clone(value) {
+ return isObject(value)
+ ? (isArray(value) ? nativeSlice.call(value) : assign({}, value))
+ : value;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
+ * object for all destination properties that resolve to `undefined`. Once a
+ * property is set, additional defaults of the same property will be ignored.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The destination object.
+ * @param {Object} [source1, source2, ...] The source objects.
+ * @param- {Object} [guard] Allows working with `_.reduce` without using its
+ * callback's `key` and `object` arguments as sources.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var food = { 'name': 'apple' };
+ * _.defaults(food, { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => { 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' }
+ */
+ function defaults(object) {
+ if (!object) {
+ return object;
+ }
+ for (var argsIndex = 1, argsLength = arguments.length; argsIndex < argsLength; argsIndex++) {
+ var iterable = arguments[argsIndex];
+ if (iterable) {
+ for (var key in iterable) {
+ if (object[key] == null) {
+ object[key] = iterable[key];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return object;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Iterates over `object`'s own and inherited enumerable properties, executing
+ * the `callback` for each property. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and
+ * invoked with three arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit iteration
+ * early by explicitly returning `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * function Dog(name) {
+ * this.name = name;
+ * }
+ *
+ * Dog.prototype.bark = function() {
+ * alert('Woof, woof!');
+ * };
+ *
+ * _.forIn(new Dog('Dagny'), function(value, key) {
+ * alert(key);
+ * });
+ * // => alerts 'name' and 'bark' (order is not guaranteed)
+ */
+ var forIn = function (collection, callback) {
+ var index, iterable = collection, result = iterable;
+ if (!iterable) return result;
+ if (!objectTypes[typeof iterable]) return result;
+ for (index in iterable) {
+ if (callback(iterable[index], index, collection) === indicatorObject) return result;
+ }
+ return result
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * Iterates over an object's own enumerable properties, executing the `callback`
+ * for each property. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit iteration early by explicitly
+ * returning `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.forOwn({ '0': 'zero', '1': 'one', 'length': 2 }, function(num, key) {
+ * alert(key);
+ * });
+ * // => alerts '0', '1', and 'length' (order is not guaranteed)
+ */
+ var forOwn = function (collection, callback) {
+ var index, iterable = collection, result = iterable;
+ if (!iterable) return result;
+ if (!objectTypes[typeof iterable]) return result;
+ for (index in iterable) {
+ if (hasOwnProperty.call(iterable, index)) {
+ if (callback(iterable[index], index, collection) === indicatorObject) return result;
+ }
+ }
+ return result
+ };
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a sorted array of all enumerable properties, own and inherited,
+ * of `object` that have function values.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias methods
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property names that have function values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.functions(_);
+ * // => ['all', 'any', 'bind', 'bindAll', 'clone', 'compact', 'compose', ...]
+ */
+ function functions(object) {
+ var result = [];
+ forIn(object, function(value, key) {
+ if (isFunction(value)) {
+ result.push(key);
+ }
+ });
+ return result.sort();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if the specified object `property` exists and is a direct property,
+ * instead of an inherited property.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to check.
+ * @param {String} property The property to check for.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if key is a direct property, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.has({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, 'b');
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function has(object, property) {
+ return object ? hasOwnProperty.call(object, property) : false;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an object composed of the inverted keys and values of the given `object`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to invert.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the created inverted object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.invert({ 'first': 'moe', 'second': 'larry' });
+ * // => { 'moe': 'first', 'larry': 'second' }
+ */
+ function invert(object) {
+ var index = -1,
+ props = keys(object),
+ length = props.length,
+ result = {};
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var key = props[index];
+ result[object[key]] = key;
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a boolean value.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a boolean value, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isBoolean(null);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isBoolean(value) {
+ return value === true || value === false || toString.call(value) == boolClass;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a date.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a date, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isDate(new Date);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isDate(value) {
+ return value ? (typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == dateClass) : false;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a DOM element.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a DOM element, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isElement(document.body);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isElement(value) {
+ return value ? value.nodeType === 1 : false;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is empty. Arrays, strings, or `arguments` objects with a
+ * length of `0` and objects with no own enumerable properties are considered
+ * "empty".
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} value The value to inspect.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is empty, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isEmpty({});
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isEmpty('');
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isEmpty(value) {
+ if (!value) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ if (isArray(value) || isString(value)) {
+ return !value.length;
+ }
+ for (var key in value) {
+ if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, key)) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ }
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are
+ * equivalent to each other. If `callback` is passed, it will be executed to
+ * compare values. If `callback` returns `undefined`, comparisons will be handled
+ * by the method instead. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
+ * two arguments; (a, b).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} a The value to compare.
+ * @param {Mixed} b The other value to compare.
+ * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize comparing values.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @param- {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed `a` objects.
+ * @param- {Array} [stackB=[]] Tracks traversed `b` objects.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var moe = { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
+ * var copy = { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
+ *
+ * moe == copy;
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isEqual(moe, copy);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * var words = ['hello', 'goodbye'];
+ * var otherWords = ['hi', 'goodbye'];
+ *
+ * _.isEqual(words, otherWords, function(a, b) {
+ * var reGreet = /^(?:hello|hi)$/i,
+ * aGreet = _.isString(a) && reGreet.test(a),
+ * bGreet = _.isString(b) && reGreet.test(b);
+ *
+ * return (aGreet || bGreet) ? (aGreet == bGreet) : undefined;
+ * });
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isEqual(a, b, stackA, stackB) {
+ if (a === b) {
+ return a !== 0 || (1 / a == 1 / b);
+ }
+ var type = typeof a,
+ otherType = typeof b;
+
+ if (a === a &&
+ (!a || (type != 'function' && type != 'object')) &&
+ (!b || (otherType != 'function' && otherType != 'object'))) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ if (a == null || b == null) {
+ return a === b;
+ }
+ var className = toString.call(a),
+ otherClass = toString.call(b);
+
+ if (className != otherClass) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ switch (className) {
+ case boolClass:
+ case dateClass:
+ return +a == +b;
+
+ case numberClass:
+ return a != +a
+ ? b != +b
+ : (a == 0 ? (1 / a == 1 / b) : a == +b);
+
+ case regexpClass:
+ case stringClass:
+ return a == String(b);
+ }
+ var isArr = className == arrayClass;
+ if (!isArr) {
+ if (a instanceof lodash || b instanceof lodash) {
+ return isEqual(a.__wrapped__ || a, b.__wrapped__ || b, stackA, stackB);
+ }
+ if (className != objectClass) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ var ctorA = a.constructor,
+ ctorB = b.constructor;
+
+ if (ctorA != ctorB && !(
+ isFunction(ctorA) && ctorA instanceof ctorA &&
+ isFunction(ctorB) && ctorB instanceof ctorB
+ )) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ }
+ stackA || (stackA = []);
+ stackB || (stackB = []);
+
+ var length = stackA.length;
+ while (length--) {
+ if (stackA[length] == a) {
+ return stackB[length] == b;
+ }
+ }
+ var result = true,
+ size = 0;
+
+ stackA.push(a);
+ stackB.push(b);
+
+ if (isArr) {
+ size = b.length;
+ result = size == a.length;
+
+ if (result) {
+ while (size--) {
+ if (!(result = isEqual(a[size], b[size], stackA, stackB))) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+ forIn(b, function(value, key, b) {
+ if (hasOwnProperty.call(b, key)) {
+ size++;
+ return !(result = hasOwnProperty.call(a, key) && isEqual(a[key], value, stackA, stackB)) && indicatorObject;
+ }
+ });
+
+ if (result) {
+ forIn(a, function(value, key, a) {
+ if (hasOwnProperty.call(a, key)) {
+ return !(result = --size > -1) && indicatorObject;
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is, or can be coerced to, a finite number.
+ *
+ * Note: This is not the same as native `isFinite`, which will return true for
+ * booleans and empty strings. See http://es5.github.com/#x15.1.2.5.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is finite, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isFinite(-101);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isFinite('10');
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isFinite(true);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isFinite('');
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.isFinite(Infinity);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isFinite(value) {
+ return nativeIsFinite(value) && !nativeIsNaN(parseFloat(value));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a function.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a function, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isFunction(_);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isFunction(value) {
+ return typeof value == 'function';
+ }
+ // fallback for older versions of Chrome and Safari
+ if (isFunction(/x/)) {
+ isFunction = function(value) {
+ return typeof value == 'function' && toString.call(value) == funcClass;
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is the language type of Object.
+ * (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is an object, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isObject({});
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isObject(1);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isObject(value) {
+ // check if the value is the ECMAScript language type of Object
+ // http://es5.github.com/#x8
+ // and avoid a V8 bug
+ // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291
+ return !!(value && objectTypes[typeof value]);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.
+ *
+ * Note: This is not the same as native `isNaN`, which will return `true` for
+ * `undefined` and other values. See http://es5.github.com/#x15.1.2.4.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isNaN(NaN);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * isNaN(undefined);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isNaN(undefined);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isNaN(value) {
+ // `NaN` as a primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself
+ // (perform the [[Class]] check first to avoid errors with some host objects in IE)
+ return isNumber(value) && value != +value
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is `null`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is `null`, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isNull(null);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.isNull(undefined);
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function isNull(value) {
+ return value === null;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a number.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a number, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isNumber(8.4 * 5);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isNumber(value) {
+ return typeof value == 'number' || toString.call(value) == numberClass;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a regular expression.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a regular expression, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isRegExp(/moe/);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isRegExp(value) {
+ return !!(value && objectTypes[typeof value]) && toString.call(value) == regexpClass;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is a string.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is a string, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isString('moe');
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isString(value) {
+ return typeof value == 'string' || toString.call(value) == stringClass;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if `value` is `undefined`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true`, if the `value` is `undefined`, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.isUndefined(void 0);
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function isUndefined(value) {
+ return typeof value == 'undefined';
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a shallow clone of `object` excluding the specified properties.
+ * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of
+ * property names. If a `callback` function is passed, it will be executed
+ * for each property in the `object`, omitting the properties `callback`
+ * returns truthy for. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
+ * with three arguments; (value, key, object).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The source object.
+ * @param {Function|String} callback|[prop1, prop2, ...] The properties to omit
+ * or the function called per iteration.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns an object without the omitted properties.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.omit({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, 'age');
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+ *
+ * _.omit({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, function(value) {
+ * return typeof value == 'number';
+ * });
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+ */
+ function omit(object) {
+ var indexOf = getIndexOf(),
+ props = concat.apply(arrayRef, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1)),
+ result = {};
+
+ forIn(object, function(value, key) {
+ if (indexOf(props, key) < 0) {
+ result[key] = value;
+ }
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a two dimensional array of the given object's key-value pairs,
+ * i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns new array of key-value pairs.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.pairs({ 'moe': 30, 'larry': 40 });
+ * // => [['moe', 30], ['larry', 40]] (order is not guaranteed)
+ */
+ function pairs(object) {
+ var index = -1,
+ props = keys(object),
+ length = props.length,
+ result = Array(length);
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var key = props[index];
+ result[index] = [key, object[key]];
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates a shallow clone of `object` composed of the specified properties.
+ * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of property
+ * names. If `callback` is passed, it will be executed for each property in the
+ * `object`, picking the properties `callback` returns truthy for. The `callback`
+ * is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, key, object).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The source object.
+ * @param {Array|Function|String} callback|[prop1, prop2, ...] The function called
+ * per iteration or properties to pick, either as individual arguments or arrays.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the picked properties.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.pick({ 'name': 'moe', '_userid': 'moe1' }, 'name');
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+ *
+ * _.pick({ 'name': 'moe', '_userid': 'moe1' }, function(value, key) {
+ * return key.charAt(0) != '_';
+ * });
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe' }
+ */
+ function pick(object) {
+ var index = -1,
+ props = concat.apply(arrayRef, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1)),
+ length = props.length,
+ result = {};
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var prop = props[index];
+ if (prop in object) {
+ result[prop] = object[prop];
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property values of `object`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Objects
+ * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.values({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
+ * // => [1, 2, 3] (order is not guaranteed)
+ */
+ function values(object) {
+ var index = -1,
+ props = keys(object),
+ length = props.length,
+ result = Array(length);
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ result[index] = object[props[index]];
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if a given `target` element is present in a `collection` using strict
+ * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If `fromIndex` is negative, it is used
+ * as the offset from the end of the collection.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias include
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Mixed} target The value to check for.
+ * @param {Number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `target` element is found, else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 1);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * _.contains({ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }, 'moe');
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * _.contains('curly', 'ur');
+ * // => true
+ */
+ function contains(collection, target) {
+ var indexOf = getIndexOf(),
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+ result = false;
+ if (length && typeof length == 'number') {
+ result = indexOf(collection, target) > -1;
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, function(value) {
+ return (result = value === target) && indicatorObject;
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an object composed of keys returned from running each element of the
+ * `collection` through the given `callback`. The corresponding value of each key
+ * is the number of times the key was returned by the `callback`. The `callback`
+ * is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
+ * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
+ *
+ * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
+ * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
+ *
+ * _.countBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
+ * // => { '3': 2, '5': 1 }
+ */
+ function countBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result = {};
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+ forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+ key = String(callback(value, key, collection));
+ (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key]++ : result[key] = 1);
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if the `callback` returns a truthy value for **all** elements of a
+ * `collection`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias all
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if all elements pass the callback check,
+ * else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes'], Boolean);
+ * // => false
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.every(stooges, 'age');
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.every(stooges, { 'age': 50 });
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function every(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result = true;
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ if (!(result = !!callback(collection[index], index, collection))) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ return !(result = !!callback(value, index, collection)) && indicatorObject;
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning an array of all elements
+ * the `callback` returns truthy for. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and
+ * invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias select
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that passed the callback check.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var evens = _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
+ * // => [2, 4, 6]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.filter(food, 'organic');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }]
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.filter(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' }]
+ */
+ function filter(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result = [];
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = collection[index];
+ if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning the first that the `callback`
+ * returns truthy for. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias detect, findWhere
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the found element, else `undefined`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.find([1, 2, 3, 4], function(num) {
+ * return num % 2 == 0;
+ * });
+ * // => 2
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.find(food, { 'type': 'vegetable' });
+ * // => { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.find(food, 'organic');
+ * // => { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true, 'type': 'fruit' }
+ */
+ function find(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = collection[index];
+ if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+ return value;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ var result;
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
+ result = value;
+ return indicatorObject;
+ }
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning the first that
+ * has the given `properties`. When checking `properties`, this method
+ * performs a deep comparison between values to determine if they are
+ * equivalent to each other.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Object} properties The object of property values to filter by.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the found element, else `undefined`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * _.findWhere(food, { 'type': 'vegetable' });
+ * // => { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ */
+ function findWhere(object, properties) {
+ return where(object, properties, true);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Iterates over a `collection`, executing the `callback` for each element in
+ * the `collection`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index|key, collection). Callbacks may exit iteration early
+ * by explicitly returning `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias each
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array|Object|String} Returns `collection`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _([1, 2, 3]).forEach(alert).join(',');
+ * // => alerts each number and returns '1,2,3'
+ *
+ * _.forEach({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, alert);
+ * // => alerts each number value (order is not guaranteed)
+ */
+ function forEach(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ if (callback(collection[index], index, collection) === indicatorObject) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, callback);
+ };
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an object composed of keys returned from running each element of the
+ * `collection` through the `callback`. The corresponding value of each key is
+ * an array of elements passed to `callback` that returned the key. The `callback`
+ * is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
+ * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
+ *
+ * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
+ * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
+ * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }
+ */
+ function groupBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result = {};
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+ forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+ key = String(callback(value, key, collection));
+ (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key] : result[key] = []).push(value);
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Invokes the method named by `methodName` on each element in the `collection`,
+ * returning an array of the results of each invoked method. Additional arguments
+ * will be passed to each invoked method. If `methodName` is a function, it will
+ * be invoked for, and `this` bound to, each element in the `collection`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|String} methodName The name of the method to invoke or
+ * the function invoked per iteration.
+ * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to invoke the method with.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each invoked method.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
+ * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
+ *
+ * _.invoke([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
+ * // => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]
+ */
+ function invoke(collection, methodName) {
+ var args = nativeSlice.call(arguments, 2),
+ index = -1,
+ isFunc = typeof methodName == 'function',
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+ result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);
+
+ forEach(collection, function(value) {
+ result[++index] = (isFunc ? methodName : value[methodName]).apply(value, args);
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of values by running each element in the `collection`
+ * through the `callback`. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
+ * three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias collect
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each `callback` execution.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.map([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return num * 3; });
+ * // => [3, 6, 9]
+ *
+ * _.map({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { return num * 3; });
+ * // => [3, 6, 9] (order is not guaranteed)
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.map(stooges, 'name');
+ * // => ['moe', 'larry']
+ */
+ function map(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ var result = Array(length);
+ while (++index < length) {
+ result[index] = callback(collection[index], index, collection);
+ }
+ } else {
+ result = [];
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+ result[++index] = callback(value, key, collection);
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves the maximum value of an `array`. If `callback` is passed,
+ * it will be executed for each value in the `array` to generate the
+ * criterion by which the value is ranked. The `callback` is bound to
+ * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the maximum value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);
+ * // => 8
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * _.max(stooges, function(stooge) { return stooge.age; });
+ * // => { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 };
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.max(stooges, 'age');
+ * // => { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 };
+ */
+ function max(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var computed = -Infinity,
+ result = computed;
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (!callback && typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = collection[index];
+ if (value > result) {
+ result = value;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+ forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ var current = callback(value, index, collection);
+ if (current > computed) {
+ computed = current;
+ result = value;
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves the minimum value of an `array`. If `callback` is passed,
+ * it will be executed for each value in the `array` to generate the
+ * criterion by which the value is ranked. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg`
+ * and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the minimum value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);
+ * // => 2
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * _.min(stooges, function(stooge) { return stooge.age; });
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.min(stooges, 'age');
+ * // => { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 };
+ */
+ function min(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var computed = Infinity,
+ result = computed;
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (!callback && typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = collection[index];
+ if (value < result) {
+ result = value;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+ forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ var current = callback(value, index, collection);
+ if (current < computed) {
+ computed = current;
+ result = value;
+ }
+ });
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Retrieves the value of a specified property from all elements in the `collection`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {String} property The property to pluck.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * _.pluck(stooges, 'name');
+ * // => ['moe', 'larry']
+ */
+ function pluck(collection, property) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ var result = Array(length);
+ while (++index < length) {
+ result[index] = collection[index][property];
+ }
+ }
+ return result || map(collection, property);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Reduces a `collection` to a value which is the accumulated result of running
+ * each element in the `collection` through the `callback`, where each successive
+ * `callback` execution consumes the return value of the previous execution.
+ * If `accumulator` is not passed, the first element of the `collection` will be
+ * used as the initial `accumulator` value. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg`
+ * and invoked with four arguments; (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias foldl, inject
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {Mixed} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the accumulated value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var sum = _.reduce([1, 2, 3], function(sum, num) {
+ * return sum + num;
+ * });
+ * // => 6
+ *
+ * var mapped = _.reduce({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, function(result, num, key) {
+ * result[key] = num * 3;
+ * return result;
+ * }, {});
+ * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6, 'c': 9 }
+ */
+ function reduce(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
+ if (!collection) return accumulator;
+ var noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection.length;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ if (noaccum) {
+ accumulator = collection[++index];
+ }
+ while (++index < length) {
+ accumulator = callback(accumulator, collection[index], index, collection);
+ }
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ accumulator = noaccum
+ ? (noaccum = false, value)
+ : callback(accumulator, value, index, collection)
+ });
+ }
+ return accumulator;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * This method is similar to `_.reduce`, except that it iterates over a
+ * `collection` from right to left.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias foldr
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
+ * @param {Mixed} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the accumulated value.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var list = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
+ * var flat = _.reduceRight(list, function(a, b) { return a.concat(b); }, []);
+ * // => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
+ */
+ function reduceRight(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
+ var iterable = collection,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+ noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
+
+ if (typeof length != 'number') {
+ var props = keys(collection);
+ length = props.length;
+ }
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);
+ forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ index = props ? props[--length] : --length;
+ accumulator = noaccum
+ ? (noaccum = false, iterable[index])
+ : callback(accumulator, iterable[index], index, collection);
+ });
+ return accumulator;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * The opposite of `_.filter`, this method returns the elements of a
+ * `collection` that `callback` does **not** return truthy for.
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that did **not** pass the
+ * callback check.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var odds = _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
+ * // => [1, 3, 5]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.reject(food, 'organic');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' }]
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.reject(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }]
+ */
+ function reject(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+ return filter(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ return !callback(value, index, collection);
+ });
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of shuffled `array` values, using a version of the
+ * Fisher-Yates shuffle. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to shuffle.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new shuffled collection.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
+ * // => [4, 1, 6, 3, 5, 2]
+ */
+ function shuffle(collection) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+ result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);
+
+ forEach(collection, function(value) {
+ var rand = floor(nativeRandom() * (++index + 1));
+ result[index] = result[rand];
+ result[rand] = value;
+ });
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the size of the `collection` by returning `collection.length` for arrays
+ * and array-like objects or the number of own enumerable properties for objects.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to inspect.
+ * @returns {Number} Returns `collection.length` or number of own enumerable properties.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.size([1, 2]);
+ * // => 2
+ *
+ * _.size({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
+ * // => 3
+ *
+ * _.size('curly');
+ * // => 5
+ */
+ function size(collection) {
+ var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+ return typeof length == 'number' ? length : keys(collection).length;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Checks if the `callback` returns a truthy value for **any** element of a
+ * `collection`. The function returns as soon as it finds passing value, and
+ * does not iterate over the entire `collection`. The `callback` is bound to
+ * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias any
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if any element passes the callback check,
+ * else `false`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'organic': false, 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'carrot', 'organic': true, 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.some(food, 'organic');
+ * // => true
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.some(food, { 'type': 'meat' });
+ * // => false
+ */
+ function some(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var result;
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
+
+ if (typeof length == 'number') {
+ while (++index < length) {
+ if ((result = callback(collection[index], index, collection))) {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ } else {
+ forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
+ return (result = callback(value, index, collection)) && indicatorObject;
+ });
+ }
+ return !!result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of
+ * running each element in the `collection` through the `callback`. This method
+ * performs a stable sort, that is, it will preserve the original sort order of
+ * equal elements. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of sorted elements.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return Math.sin(num); });
+ * // => [3, 1, 2]
+ *
+ * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return this.sin(num); }, Math);
+ * // => [3, 1, 2]
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.sortBy(['banana', 'strawberry', 'apple'], 'length');
+ * // => ['apple', 'banana', 'strawberry']
+ */
+ function sortBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
+ result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);
+
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+ forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
+ result[++index] = {
+ 'criteria': callback(value, key, collection),
+ 'index': index,
+ 'value': value
+ };
+ });
+
+ length = result.length;
+ result.sort(compareAscending);
+ while (length--) {
+ result[length] = result[length].value;
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Converts the `collection` to an array.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to convert.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns the new converted array.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * (function() { return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1); })(1, 2, 3, 4);
+ * // => [2, 3, 4]
+ */
+ function toArray(collection) {
+ if (isArray(collection)) {
+ return nativeSlice.call(collection);
+ }
+ if (collection && typeof collection.length == 'number') {
+ return map(collection);
+ }
+ return values(collection);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Examines each element in a `collection`, returning an array of all elements
+ * that have the given `properties`. When checking `properties`, this method
+ * performs a deep comparison between values to determine if they are equivalent
+ * to each other.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @type Function
+ * @category Collections
+ * @param {Array|Object|String} collection The collection to iterate over.
+ * @param {Object} properties The object of property values to filter by.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that have the given `properties`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 },
+ * { 'name': 'larry', 'age': 50 }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * _.where(stooges, { 'age': 40 });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'moe', 'age': 40 }]
+ */
+ function where(collection, properties, first) {
+ return (first && isEmpty(properties))
+ ? null
+ : (first ? find : filter)(collection, properties);
+ }
+
+ /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array with all falsey values of `array` removed. The values
+ * `false`, `null`, `0`, `""`, `undefined` and `NaN` are all falsey.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new filtered array.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3]
+ */
+ function compact(array) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = array ? array.length : 0,
+ result = [];
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = array[index];
+ if (value) {
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Creates an array of `array` elements not present in the other arrays
+ * using strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to process.
+ * @param {Array} [array1, array2, ...] Arrays to check.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of `array` elements not present in the
+ * other arrays.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.difference([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]);
+ * // => [1, 3, 4]
+ */
+ function difference(array) {
+ var index = -1,
+ indexOf = getIndexOf(),
+ length = array.length,
+ flattened = concat.apply(arrayRef, nativeSlice.call(arguments, 1)),
+ result = [];
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = array[index];
+ if (indexOf(flattened, value) < 0) {
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the first element of the `array`. If a number `n` is passed, the first
+ * `n` elements of the `array` are returned. If a `callback` function is passed,
+ * elements at the beginning of the array are returned as long as the `callback`
+ * returns truthy. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index, array).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @alias head, take
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to query.
+ * @param {Function|Object|Number|String} [callback|n] The function called
+ * per element or the number of elements to return. If a property name or
+ * object is passed, it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
+ * style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Mixed} Returns the first element(s) of `array`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.first([1, 2, 3]);
+ * // => 1
+ *
+ * _.first([1, 2, 3], 2);
+ * // => [1, 2]
+ *
+ * _.first([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
+ * return num < 3;
+ * });
+ * // => [1, 2]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'organic': false },
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.first(food, 'organic');
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'banana', 'organic': true }]
+ *
+ * var food = [
+ * { 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' },
+ * { 'name': 'beet', 'type': 'vegetable' }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
+ * _.first(food, { 'type': 'fruit' });
+ * // => [{ 'name': 'apple', 'type': 'fruit' }, { 'name': 'banana', 'type': 'fruit' }]
+ */
+ function first(array, callback, thisArg) {
+ if (array) {
+ var n = 0,
+ length = array.length;
+
+ if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
+ var index = -1;
+ callback = createCallback(callback, thisArg);
+ while (++index < length && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
+ n++;
+ }
+ } else {
+ n = callback;
+ if (n == null || thisArg) {
+ return array[0];
+ }
+ }
+ return nativeSlice.call(array, 0, nativeMin(nativeMax(0, n), length));
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Flattens a nested array (the nesting can be to any depth). If `isShallow`
+ * is truthy, `array` will only be flattened a single level. If `callback`
+ * is passed, each element of `array` is passed through a `callback` before
+ * flattening. The `callback` is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
+ * arguments; (value, index, array).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return the property value of the given element.
+ *
+ * If an object is passed for `callback`, the created "_.where" style callback
+ * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
+ * else `false`.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
+ * @param {Boolean} [isShallow=false] A flag to indicate only flattening a single level.
+ * @param {Function|Object|String} [callback=identity] The function called per
+ * iteration. If a property name or object is passed, it will be used to create
+ * a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
+ * @param {Mixed} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
+ * @returns {Array} Returns a new flattened array.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]]);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3, 4];
+ *
+ * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]], true);
+ * // => [1, 2, 3, [[4]]];
+ *
+ * var stooges = [
+ * { 'name': 'curly', 'quotes': ['Oh, a wise guy, eh?', 'Poifect!'] },
+ * { 'name': 'moe', 'quotes': ['Spread out!', 'You knucklehead!'] }
+ * ];
+ *
+ * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
+ * _.flatten(stooges, 'quotes');
+ * // => ['Oh, a wise guy, eh?', 'Poifect!', 'Spread out!', 'You knucklehead!']
+ */
+ function flatten(array, isShallow) {
+ var index = -1,
+ length = array ? array.length : 0,
+ result = [];
+
+ while (++index < length) {
+ var value = array[index];
+ if (isArray(value)) {
+ push.apply(result, isShallow ? value : flatten(value));
+ } else {
+ result.push(value);
+ }
+ }
+ return result;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found using
+ * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the `array` is already
+ * sorted, passing `true` for `fromIndex` will run a faster binary search.
+ *
+ * @static
+ * @memberOf _
+ * @category Arrays
+ * @param {Array} array The array to search.
+ * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
+ * @param {Boolean|Number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from or `true` to
+ * perform a binary search on a sorted `array`.
+ * @returns {Number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
+ * @example
+ *
+ * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
+ * // => 1
+ *
+ * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
+ * // => 4
+ *
+ * _.indexOf([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3], 2, true);
+ * // => 2
+ */
+ function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
+ if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
+ var length = array ? array.length : 0;
+ fromIndex = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, length + fromIndex) : fromIndex || 0);
+ } else if (fromIndex) {
+ var index = sortedIndex(array, value);
+ return array[index] === value ? index : -1;
+ }
+ return array ? basicIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) : -1;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets all but the last element of `array`. If a number `n` is passed, the
+ * last `n` elements are excluded from the result. If a `callback` function
+ * is passed, elements at the end of the array are excluded from the result
+ * as long as the `callback` returns truthy. The `callback` is bound to
+ * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
+ *
+ * If a property name is passed for `callback`, the created "_.pluck" style
+ * callback will return
<TRUNCATED>