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Posted to user@cassandra.apache.org by David Vanderfeesten <fe...@gmail.com> on 2012/05/16 13:58:31 UTC
understanding of native indexes: limitations, potential side effects,...
Hi
I like to better understand the limitations of native indexes, potential
side effects and scenarios where they are required.
My understanding so far :
- Is that indexes on each node are storing indexes for data locally on the
node itself.
- Indexes do not return values in a sorted way (hashes of the indexed row
keys are defining the order)
- Given by the design referred in the first bullet, a coordinator node
receiving a read of a native index, needs to spawn a read to multiple
nodes(set of nodes together covering at least the complete key space +
potentially more to assure read consistency level).
- Each write to an indexed column leads to an additional local read of the
index to update the index (kind of obvious but easily forgotten when tuning
your system for write-only workload)
- When using a where clause in CQL you need at least to specify an equal
condition on a native indexed column. Additional conditions in the where
clause are filtered out by the coordinator node receiving the CQL query.
- native indexes do not support very well columns with high number of
discrete values throughout the entire CF.
Is upper understanding correct and complete?
Some doubts:
- about the limitation of indexing columns with high number of discrete
values:
I assume native indexes are implemented with an internally managed CF per
index. With high cardinality values, in worst case, the number of rows in
the index are identical to the number of rows of the indexed CF. Or are
there other reasons for the limitation, and if that's the case, is there a
guideline on the max. nbr of cardinality that is still reasonable?
-Are column updates and the update of the indexes (read + write action)
atomic and isolated from concurrent updates?
Txs!
David
Re: understanding of native indexes: limitations, potential side effects,...
Posted by David Vanderfeesten <fe...@gmail.com>.
This corresponds with my thoughts, but I don't see the issue with high
cardinality columns. In worst case you get potentially as many rows in the
index as in the indexed cf (each having one column).
On Wed, May 16, 2012 at 9:03 PM, Dave Brosius <db...@mebigfatguy.com>wrote:
> Each index you define on the source CF is created using an internal CF
> that has as its key the value of the column it's indexing, and as its
> columns, all the keys of all the rows in the source CF that have that
> value. So if all your rows in your source CF have the same value, then your
> index cf will have one row with N columns for each N rows in the original
> CF.
>
>
>
>
> On 05/16/2012 02:58 PM, David Vanderfeesten wrote:
>
> Txs Jeremiah,
> But I am not sure I am following " number of columns could be equal to
> number of rows ". Is native index implemented as one cf shared over all
> the indexes (one row in the idx CF corresponding to one index) or is there
> an internal index cf per index?. My (potential wrong) mindset was the
> latter. In that case if you would index a column with a very high
> cardinality like for example serialNbr, this corresponding internal idx cf
> will just lead to almost the same nbr of rows as the original cf containing
> the serialnbr. I can''t match that what you are explaining...
>
> - David
>
> On Wed, May 16, 2012 at 6:23 PM, Jeremiah Jordan <
> JEREMIAH.JORDAN@morningstar.com> wrote:
>
>> The limitation is because number of columns could be equal to number of
>> rows. If number of rows is large this can become an issue.
>>
>> -Jeremiah
>>
>> ------------------------------
>> *From:* David Vanderfeesten [feestend@gmail.com]
>> *Sent:* Wednesday, May 16, 2012 6:58 AM
>> *To:* user@cassandra.apache.org
>> *Subject:* understanding of native indexes: limitations, potential side
>> effects,...
>>
>> Hi
>>
>> I like to better understand the limitations of native indexes, potential
>> side effects and scenarios where they are required.
>>
>> My understanding so far :
>> - Is that indexes on each node are storing indexes for data locally on
>> the node itself.
>> - Indexes do not return values in a sorted way (hashes of the indexed row
>> keys are defining the order)
>> - Given by the design referred in the first bullet, a coordinator node
>> receiving a read of a native index, needs to spawn a read to multiple
>> nodes(set of nodes together covering at least the complete key space +
>> potentially more to assure read consistency level).
>> - Each write to an indexed column leads to an additional local read of
>> the index to update the index (kind of obvious but easily forgotten when
>> tuning your system for write-only workload)
>> - When using a where clause in CQL you need at least to specify an equal
>> condition on a native indexed column. Additional conditions in the where
>> clause are filtered out by the coordinator node receiving the CQL query.
>> - native indexes do not support very well columns with high number of
>> discrete values throughout the entire CF.
>>
>> Is upper understanding correct and complete?
>> Some doubts:
>> - about the limitation of indexing columns with high number of discrete
>> values:
>> I assume native indexes are implemented with an internally managed CF
>> per index. With high cardinality values, in worst case, the number of rows
>> in the index are identical to the number of rows of the indexed CF. Or are
>> there other reasons for the limitation, and if that's the case, is there
>> a guideline on the max. nbr of cardinality that is still reasonable?
>> -Are column updates and the update of the indexes (read + write action)
>> atomic and isolated from concurrent updates?
>>
>> Txs!
>>
>> David
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>
>
Re: understanding of native indexes: limitations, potential side
effects,...
Posted by Dave Brosius <db...@mebigfatguy.com>.
Each index you define on the source CF is created using an internal CF
that has as its key the value of the column it's indexing, and as its
columns, all the keys of all the rows in the source CF that have that
value. So if all your rows in your source CF have the same value, then
your index cf will have one row with N columns for each N rows in the
original CF.
On 05/16/2012 02:58 PM, David Vanderfeesten wrote:
> Txs Jeremiah,
> But I am not sure I am following " number of columns could be equal to
> number of rows ". Is native index implemented as one cf shared over
> all the indexes (one row in the idx CF corresponding to one index) or
> is there an internal index cf per index?. My (potential wrong) mindset
> was the latter. In that case if you would index a column with a very
> high cardinality like for example serialNbr, this corresponding
> internal idx cf will just lead to almost the same nbr of rows as the
> original cf containing the serialnbr. I can''t match that what you are
> explaining...
>
> - David
>
> On Wed, May 16, 2012 at 6:23 PM, Jeremiah Jordan
> <JEREMIAH.JORDAN@morningstar.com
> <ma...@morningstar.com>> wrote:
>
> The limitation is because number of columns could be equal to
> number of rows. If number of rows is large this can become an issue.
>
> -Jeremiah
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> *From:* David Vanderfeesten [feestend@gmail.com
> <ma...@gmail.com>]
> *Sent:* Wednesday, May 16, 2012 6:58 AM
> *To:* user@cassandra.apache.org <ma...@cassandra.apache.org>
> *Subject:* understanding of native indexes: limitations, potential
> side effects,...
>
> Hi
>
> I like to better understand the limitations of native indexes,
> potential side effects and scenarios where they are required.
>
> My understanding so far :
> - Is that indexes on each node are storing indexes for data
> locally on the node itself.
> - Indexes do not return values in a sorted way (hashes of the
> indexed row keys are defining the order)
> - Given by the design referred in the first bullet, a coordinator
> node receiving a read of a native index, needs to spawn a read to
> multiple nodes(set of nodes together covering at least the
> complete key space + potentially more to assure read consistency
> level).
> - Each write to an indexed column leads to an additional local
> read of the index to update the index (kind of obvious but easily
> forgotten when tuning your system for write-only workload)
> - When using a where clause in CQL you need at least to specify an
> equal condition on a native indexed column. Additional conditions
> in the where clause are filtered out by the coordinator node
> receiving the CQL query.
> - native indexes do not support very well columns with high number
> of discrete values throughout the entire CF.
>
> Is upper understanding correct and complete?
> Some doubts:
> - about the limitation of indexing columns with high number of
> discrete values:
> I assume native indexes are implemented with an internally
> managed CF per index. With high cardinality values, in worst case,
> the number of rows in the index are identical to the number of
> rows of the indexed CF. Or are there other reasons for the
> limitation, and if that's the case, is there a guideline on the
> max. nbr of cardinality that is still reasonable?
> -Are column updates and the update of the indexes (read + write
> action) atomic and isolated from concurrent updates?
>
> Txs!
>
> David
>
>
>
>
>
Re: understanding of native indexes: limitations, potential side effects,...
Posted by David Vanderfeesten <fe...@gmail.com>.
Txs Jeremiah,
But I am not sure I am following " number of columns could be equal to
number of rows ". Is native index implemented as one cf shared over all
the indexes (one row in the idx CF corresponding to one index) or is there
an internal index cf per index?. My (potential wrong) mindset was the
latter. In that case if you would index a column with a very high
cardinality like for example serialNbr, this corresponding internal idx cf
will just lead to almost the same nbr of rows as the original cf containing
the serialnbr. I can''t match that what you are explaining...
- David
On Wed, May 16, 2012 at 6:23 PM, Jeremiah Jordan <
JEREMIAH.JORDAN@morningstar.com> wrote:
> The limitation is because number of columns could be equal to number of
> rows. If number of rows is large this can become an issue.
>
> -Jeremiah
>
> ------------------------------
> *From:* David Vanderfeesten [feestend@gmail.com]
> *Sent:* Wednesday, May 16, 2012 6:58 AM
> *To:* user@cassandra.apache.org
> *Subject:* understanding of native indexes: limitations, potential side
> effects,...
>
> Hi
>
> I like to better understand the limitations of native indexes, potential
> side effects and scenarios where they are required.
>
> My understanding so far :
> - Is that indexes on each node are storing indexes for data locally on the
> node itself.
> - Indexes do not return values in a sorted way (hashes of the indexed row
> keys are defining the order)
> - Given by the design referred in the first bullet, a coordinator node
> receiving a read of a native index, needs to spawn a read to multiple
> nodes(set of nodes together covering at least the complete key space +
> potentially more to assure read consistency level).
> - Each write to an indexed column leads to an additional local read of the
> index to update the index (kind of obvious but easily forgotten when tuning
> your system for write-only workload)
> - When using a where clause in CQL you need at least to specify an equal
> condition on a native indexed column. Additional conditions in the where
> clause are filtered out by the coordinator node receiving the CQL query.
> - native indexes do not support very well columns with high number of
> discrete values throughout the entire CF.
>
> Is upper understanding correct and complete?
> Some doubts:
> - about the limitation of indexing columns with high number of discrete
> values:
> I assume native indexes are implemented with an internally managed CF per
> index. With high cardinality values, in worst case, the number of rows in
> the index are identical to the number of rows of the indexed CF. Or are
> there other reasons for the limitation, and if that's the case, is there
> a guideline on the max. nbr of cardinality that is still reasonable?
> -Are column updates and the update of the indexes (read + write action)
> atomic and isolated from concurrent updates?
>
> Txs!
>
> David
>
>
>
>
>
RE: understanding of native indexes: limitations, potential side
effects,...
Posted by Jeremiah Jordan <JE...@morningstar.com>.
The limitation is because number of columns could be equal to number of rows. If number of rows is large this can become an issue.
-Jeremiah
________________________________
From: David Vanderfeesten [feestend@gmail.com]
Sent: Wednesday, May 16, 2012 6:58 AM
To: user@cassandra.apache.org
Subject: understanding of native indexes: limitations, potential side effects,...
Hi
I like to better understand the limitations of native indexes, potential side effects and scenarios where they are required.
My understanding so far :
- Is that indexes on each node are storing indexes for data locally on the node itself.
- Indexes do not return values in a sorted way (hashes of the indexed row keys are defining the order)
- Given by the design referred in the first bullet, a coordinator node receiving a read of a native index, needs to spawn a read to multiple nodes(set of nodes together covering at least the complete key space + potentially more to assure read consistency level).
- Each write to an indexed column leads to an additional local read of the index to update the index (kind of obvious but easily forgotten when tuning your system for write-only workload)
- When using a where clause in CQL you need at least to specify an equal condition on a native indexed column. Additional conditions in the where clause are filtered out by the coordinator node receiving the CQL query.
- native indexes do not support very well columns with high number of discrete values throughout the entire CF.
Is upper understanding correct and complete?
Some doubts:
- about the limitation of indexing columns with high number of discrete values:
I assume native indexes are implemented with an internally managed CF per index. With high cardinality values, in worst case, the number of rows in the index are identical to the number of rows of the indexed CF. Or are there other reasons for the limitation, and if that's the case, is there a guideline on the max. nbr of cardinality that is still reasonable?
-Are column updates and the update of the indexes (read + write action) atomic and isolated from concurrent updates?
Txs!
David