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Posted to commits@cassandra.apache.org by gi...@apache.org on 2020/06/04 09:32:33 UTC
[cassandra-website] 01/01: generate docs for 1ad5e747
This is an automated email from the ASF dual-hosted git repository.
git-site-role pushed a commit to branch asf-staging
in repository https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/cassandra-website.git
commit 06ef521c59287f7f37da734b77d4d25fab56a6fb
Author: jenkins <us...@infra.apache.org>
AuthorDate: Thu Jun 4 09:32:26 2020 +0000
generate docs for 1ad5e747
---
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content/doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/profileload.html | 270 +++
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/proxyhistograms.html | 197 +-
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/rangekeysample.html | 197 +-
content/doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/rebuild.html | 276 +++
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/rebuild_index.html | 194 +-
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/refresh.html | 194 +-
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.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/reloadssl.html | 196 +-
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.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/removenode.html | 195 +-
content/doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/repair.html | 325 ++++
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/repair_admin.html | 265 +++
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/replaybatchlog.html | 196 +-
.../3.11.5/tools/nodetool/resetfullquerylog.html | 219 ++-
.../3.11.5/tools/nodetool/resetlocalschema.html | 196 +-
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/resumehandoff.html | 186 +-
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/ring.html | 197 +-
content/doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/scrub.html | 285 +++
.../tools/nodetool/setbatchlogreplaythrottle.html | 195 +-
.../3.11.5/tools/nodetool/setcachecapacity.html | 261 +++
.../3.11.5/tools/nodetool/setcachekeystosave.html | 263 +++
.../tools/nodetool/setcompactionthreshold.html | 194 +-
.../tools/nodetool/setcompactionthroughput.html | 194 +-
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/setconcurrency.html | 262 +++
.../tools/nodetool/setconcurrentcompactors.html | 194 +-
.../tools/nodetool/setconcurrentviewbuilders.html | 194 +-
.../tools/nodetool/sethintedhandoffthrottlekb.html | 194 +-
.../tools/nodetool/setinterdcstreamthroughput.html | 194 +-
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/setlogginglevel.html | 264 +++
.../3.11.5/tools/nodetool/setmaxhintwindow.html | 193 +-
.../3.11.5/tools/nodetool/setstreamthroughput.html | 194 +-
content/doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/settimeout.html | 264 +++
.../3.11.5/tools/nodetool/settraceprobability.html | 195 +-
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/sjk.html | 193 +-
content/doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/snapshot.html | 278 +++
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/status.html | 196 +-
.../tools/nodetool/statusautocompaction.html | 197 +-
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/statusbackup.html | 196 +-
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/statusbinary.html | 196 +-
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/statusgossip.html | 196 +-
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/statushandoff.html | 187 +-
content/doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/stop.html | 268 +++
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.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/tablehistograms.html | 193 +-
content/doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/tablestats.html | 295 +++
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/toppartitions.html | 269 +++
content/doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/tpstats.html | 255 +++
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/truncatehints.html | 195 +-
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/upgradesstables.html | 271 +++
content/doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/verify.html | 280 +++
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/version.html | 196 +-
.../doc/3.11.5/tools/nodetool/viewbuildstatus.html | 193 +-
content/doc/3.11.5/troubleshooting/index.html | 226 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/_images/eclipse_debug0.png | Bin 0 -> 48174 bytes
content/doc/3.11.6/_images/eclipse_debug1.png | Bin 0 -> 34446 bytes
content/doc/3.11.6/_images/eclipse_debug2.png | Bin 0 -> 57032 bytes
content/doc/3.11.6/_images/eclipse_debug3.png | Bin 0 -> 58677 bytes
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content/doc/3.11.6/_images/eclipse_debug5.png | Bin 0 -> 66632 bytes
content/doc/3.11.6/_images/eclipse_debug6.png | Bin 0 -> 87568 bytes
content/doc/3.11.6/architecture/dynamo.html | 343 ++++
content/doc/3.11.6/architecture/guarantees.html | 238 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/architecture/index.html | 253 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/architecture/overview.html | 238 +++
.../doc/3.11.6/architecture/storage_engine.html | 289 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/bugs.html | 234 +++
.../configuration/cassandra_config_file.html | 789 ++++----
content/doc/3.11.6/configuration/index.html | 235 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/contactus.html | 254 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/cql/appendices.html | 690 +++++++
content/doc/3.11.6/cql/changes.html | 478 +++++
content/doc/3.11.6/cql/ddl.html | 890 +++++++++
content/doc/3.11.6/cql/definitions.html | 437 +++++
content/doc/3.11.6/cql/dml.html | 683 +++++++
content/doc/3.11.6/cql/functions.html | 791 ++++++++
content/doc/3.11.6/cql/index.html | 365 ++++
content/doc/3.11.6/cql/indexes.html | 293 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/cql/json.html | 440 +++++
content/doc/3.11.6/cql/mvs.html | 366 ++++
content/doc/3.11.6/cql/security.html | 829 +++++++++
content/doc/3.11.6/cql/triggers.html | 278 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/cql/types.html | 822 +++++++++
content/doc/3.11.6/data_modeling/index.html | 230 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/development/code_style.html | 333 ++++
content/doc/3.11.6/development/how_to_commit.html | 305 ++++
content/doc/3.11.6/development/how_to_review.html | 297 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/development/ide.html | 359 ++++
content/doc/3.11.6/development/index.html | 268 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/development/patches.html | 372 ++++
content/doc/3.11.6/development/testing.html | 296 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/faq/index.html | 441 +++++
content/doc/3.11.6/genindex.html | 93 +
.../doc/3.11.6}/getting_started/configuring.html | 198 +-
content/doc/3.11.6/getting_started/drivers.html | 348 ++++
content/doc/3.11.6/getting_started/index.html | 272 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/getting_started/installing.html | 321 ++++
content/doc/3.11.6/getting_started/querying.html | 269 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/index.html | 231 +++
{src/doc/3.11.7 => content/doc/3.11.6}/objects.inv | Bin 8167 -> 8167 bytes
content/doc/3.11.6/operating/backups.html | 248 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/operating/bloom_filters.html | 285 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/operating/bulk_loading.html | 248 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/operating/cdc.html | 311 ++++
content/doc/3.11.6/operating/compaction.html | 639 +++++++
content/doc/3.11.6/operating/compression.html | 312 ++++
content/doc/3.11.6/operating/hardware.html | 314 ++++
content/doc/3.11.6/operating/hints.html | 248 +++
.../doc/3.11.6}/operating/index.html | 269 ++-
content/doc/3.11.6/operating/metrics.html | 1726 ++++++++++++++++++
content/doc/3.11.6/operating/read_repair.html | 248 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/operating/repair.html | 248 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/operating/security.html | 571 ++++++
content/doc/3.11.6/operating/snitch.html | 301 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/operating/topo_changes.html | 339 ++++
content/doc/3.11.6/search.html | 227 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/searchindex.js | 1 +
content/doc/3.11.6/tools/cqlsh.html | 606 ++++++
content/doc/3.11.6/tools/index.html | 237 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool.html | 236 +++
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/assassinate.html | 193 +-
.../doc/3.11.6}/tools/nodetool/bootstrap.html | 178 +-
content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/cleanup.html | 265 +++
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content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/clientstats.html | 261 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/compact.html | 277 +++
.../3.11.6/tools/nodetool/compactionhistory.html | 255 +++
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.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/decommission.html | 255 +++
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/describecluster.html | 197 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/describering.html | 192 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/disableauditlog.html | 196 +-
.../tools/nodetool/disableautocompaction.html | 194 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/disablebackup.html | 186 +-
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.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/drain.html | 197 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/enableauditlog.html | 285 +++
.../tools/nodetool/enableautocompaction.html | 194 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/enablebackup.html | 196 +-
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.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/garbagecollect.html | 270 +++
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.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/gossipinfo.html | 196 +-
.../doc/3.11.6}/tools/nodetool/handoffwindow.html | 178 +-
content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/help.html | 238 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/import.html | 286 +++
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.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/listsnapshots.html | 254 +++
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content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/netstats.html | 256 +++
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content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/profileload.html | 270 +++
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content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/rebuild.html | 276 +++
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/rebuild_index.html | 194 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/refresh.html | 194 +-
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.../3.11.6/tools/nodetool/reloadlocalschema.html | 196 +-
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.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/reloadssl.html | 196 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/reloadtriggers.html | 196 +-
.../3.11.6/tools/nodetool/relocatesstables.html | 197 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/removenode.html | 195 +-
content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/repair.html | 325 ++++
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/repair_admin.html | 265 +++
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/replaybatchlog.html | 196 +-
.../3.11.6/tools/nodetool/resetfullquerylog.html | 219 ++-
.../3.11.6/tools/nodetool/resetlocalschema.html | 196 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/resumehandoff.html | 186 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/ring.html | 197 +-
content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/scrub.html | 285 +++
.../tools/nodetool/setbatchlogreplaythrottle.html | 195 +-
.../3.11.6/tools/nodetool/setcachecapacity.html | 261 +++
.../3.11.6/tools/nodetool/setcachekeystosave.html | 263 +++
.../tools/nodetool/setcompactionthreshold.html | 194 +-
.../tools/nodetool/setcompactionthroughput.html | 194 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/setconcurrency.html | 262 +++
.../tools/nodetool/setconcurrentcompactors.html | 194 +-
.../tools/nodetool/setconcurrentviewbuilders.html | 194 +-
.../tools/nodetool/sethintedhandoffthrottlekb.html | 194 +-
.../tools/nodetool/setinterdcstreamthroughput.html | 194 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/setlogginglevel.html | 264 +++
.../3.11.6/tools/nodetool/setmaxhintwindow.html | 193 +-
.../3.11.6/tools/nodetool/setstreamthroughput.html | 194 +-
content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/settimeout.html | 264 +++
.../3.11.6/tools/nodetool/settraceprobability.html | 195 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/sjk.html | 193 +-
content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/snapshot.html | 278 +++
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/status.html | 196 +-
.../tools/nodetool/statusautocompaction.html | 197 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/statusbackup.html | 196 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/statusbinary.html | 196 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/statusgossip.html | 196 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/statushandoff.html | 187 +-
content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/stop.html | 268 +++
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/stopdaemon.html | 196 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/tablehistograms.html | 193 +-
content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/tablestats.html | 295 +++
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/toppartitions.html | 269 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/tpstats.html | 255 +++
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/truncatehints.html | 195 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/upgradesstables.html | 271 +++
content/doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/verify.html | 280 +++
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/version.html | 196 +-
.../doc/3.11.6/tools/nodetool/viewbuildstatus.html | 193 +-
content/doc/3.11.6/troubleshooting/index.html | 226 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/_images/eclipse_debug0.png | Bin 0 -> 48174 bytes
content/doc/3.11.7/_images/eclipse_debug1.png | Bin 0 -> 34446 bytes
content/doc/3.11.7/_images/eclipse_debug2.png | Bin 0 -> 57032 bytes
content/doc/3.11.7/_images/eclipse_debug3.png | Bin 0 -> 58677 bytes
content/doc/3.11.7/_images/eclipse_debug4.png | Bin 0 -> 24793 bytes
content/doc/3.11.7/_images/eclipse_debug5.png | Bin 0 -> 66632 bytes
content/doc/3.11.7/_images/eclipse_debug6.png | Bin 0 -> 87568 bytes
content/doc/3.11.7/architecture/dynamo.html | 343 ++++
content/doc/3.11.7/architecture/guarantees.html | 238 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/architecture/index.html | 253 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/architecture/overview.html | 238 +++
.../doc/3.11.7/architecture/storage_engine.html | 289 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/bugs.html | 234 +++
.../configuration/cassandra_config_file.html | 789 ++++----
content/doc/3.11.7/configuration/index.html | 235 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/contactus.html | 254 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/cql/appendices.html | 690 +++++++
content/doc/3.11.7/cql/changes.html | 478 +++++
content/doc/3.11.7/cql/ddl.html | 890 +++++++++
content/doc/3.11.7/cql/definitions.html | 437 +++++
content/doc/3.11.7/cql/dml.html | 683 +++++++
content/doc/3.11.7/cql/functions.html | 791 ++++++++
content/doc/3.11.7/cql/index.html | 365 ++++
content/doc/3.11.7/cql/indexes.html | 293 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/cql/json.html | 440 +++++
content/doc/3.11.7/cql/mvs.html | 366 ++++
content/doc/3.11.7/cql/security.html | 829 +++++++++
content/doc/3.11.7/cql/triggers.html | 278 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/cql/types.html | 822 +++++++++
content/doc/3.11.7/data_modeling/index.html | 230 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/development/code_style.html | 333 ++++
content/doc/3.11.7/development/how_to_commit.html | 305 ++++
content/doc/3.11.7/development/how_to_review.html | 297 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/development/ide.html | 359 ++++
content/doc/3.11.7/development/index.html | 268 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/development/patches.html | 372 ++++
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content/doc/3.11.7/faq/index.html | 441 +++++
content/doc/3.11.7/genindex.html | 93 +
.../doc/3.11.7}/getting_started/configuring.html | 198 +-
content/doc/3.11.7/getting_started/drivers.html | 348 ++++
content/doc/3.11.7/getting_started/index.html | 272 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/getting_started/installing.html | 321 ++++
content/doc/3.11.7/getting_started/querying.html | 269 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/index.html | 231 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/objects.inv | Bin 0 -> 8123 bytes
content/doc/3.11.7/operating/backups.html | 248 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/operating/bloom_filters.html | 285 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/operating/bulk_loading.html | 248 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/operating/cdc.html | 311 ++++
content/doc/3.11.7/operating/compaction.html | 639 +++++++
content/doc/3.11.7/operating/compression.html | 312 ++++
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.../doc/3.11.7}/operating/index.html | 269 ++-
content/doc/3.11.7/operating/metrics.html | 1726 ++++++++++++++++++
content/doc/3.11.7/operating/read_repair.html | 248 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/operating/repair.html | 248 +++
content/doc/3.11.7/operating/security.html | 571 ++++++
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content/doc/3.11.7/searchindex.js | 1 +
content/doc/3.11.7/tools/cqlsh.html | 606 ++++++
content/doc/3.11.7/tools/index.html | 237 +++
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.../doc/3.11.7/tools/nodetool/bootstrap.html | 183 +-
content/doc/3.11.7/tools/nodetool/cleanup.html | 265 +++
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content/doc/4.0-alpha1/tools/nodetool/compact.html | 278 +++
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content/doc/4.0-alpha1/tools/sstable/index.html | 353 ++++
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content/doc/4.0-alpha1/troubleshooting/index.html | 273 +++
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.../doc/4.0-alpha1/troubleshooting/use_tools.html | 733 ++++++++
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content/doc/4.0-alpha2/architecture/index.html | 255 +++
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.../4.0-alpha2/architecture/storage_engine.html | 418 +++++
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content/doc/4.0-alpha2/configuration/index.html | 236 +++
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content/doc/4.0-alpha2/cql/appendices.html | 692 +++++++
content/doc/4.0-alpha2/cql/changes.html | 488 +++++
content/doc/4.0-alpha2/cql/ddl.html | 981 ++++++++++
content/doc/4.0-alpha2/cql/definitions.html | 441 +++++
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content/doc/4.0-alpha2/cql/functions.html | 830 +++++++++
content/doc/4.0-alpha2/cql/index.html | 372 ++++
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content/doc/4.0-alpha2/cql/json.html | 442 +++++
content/doc/4.0-alpha2/cql/mvs.html | 385 ++++
content/doc/4.0-alpha2/cql/operators.html | 425 +++++
content/doc/4.0-alpha2/cql/security.html | 867 +++++++++
content/doc/4.0-alpha2/cql/triggers.html | 280 +++
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content/doc/4.0-alpha2/data_modeling/index.html | 231 +++
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content/doc/4.0-alpha2/development/code_style.html | 339 ++++
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.../4.0-alpha2/development/release_process.html | 514 ++++++
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+
+
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+ <h2>Hardware-bound Zero Copy Streaming in Apache Cassandra 4.0</h2>
+ <p>Posted on August 07, 2018 by The Apache Cassandra Community</p>
+ <h5><a href="/blog">« Back to the Apache Cassandra Blog</a></h5>
+ <hr />
+ <p>Streaming in Apache Cassandra powers host replacement, range movements, and cluster expansions. Streaming plays a crucial role in the cluster and as such its performance is key to not only the speed of the operations its used in but the cluster’s health generally. In Apache Cassandra 4.0, we have introduced an improved streaming implementation that reduces GC pressure and increases throughput several folds and are now limited, in some cases, only by the disk / network IO (See: <a hr [...]
+
+<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAU8AAAFRCAYAAAD0ES8ZAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAACBjSFJNAAB6JgAAgIQAAPoAAACA6AAAdTAAAOpgAAA6mAAAF3CculE8AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAACC2lUWHRYTUw6Y29tLmFkb2JlLnhtcAAAAAAAPHg6eG1wbWV0YSB4bWxuczp4PSJhZG9iZTpuczptZXRhLyIgeDp4bXB0az0iWE1QIENvcmUgNS40LjAiPgogICA8cmRmOlJERiB4bWxuczpyZGY9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPgogICAgICA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJkZjphYm91dD0iIgogICAgICAgICAgICB4bWxuczp0aWZmPSJodHRwOi8vbnMuY [...]
+
+<p>During the streaming phase, A collects all SSTables that have partitions in the requested ranges. It streams each SSTable by serializing individual partitions. Upon receiving the partition, node C reifies the data in memory and then writes it to disk. This is necessary to accurately transfer partitions from all possible SSTables for the requested ranges. This streaming path generates garbage and could be avoided in scenarios where all partitions within the SSTable need to be transmitt [...]
+
+<p>To solve this problem <a href="http://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-14556">CASSANDRA-14556</a> adds a Zero Copy streaming path. This significantly speeds up the transfer of SSTables and reduces garbage and unnecessary object creation. It modifies the streaming path to add additional information into the streaming header and uses ZeroCopy APIs to transfer bytes to and from the network and disk. So now, an SSTable may be transferred using this strategy when Cassandra detects t [...]
+
+<h2 id="how-do-i-use-this-feature">How do I use this feature?</h2>
+
+<p>It just works. This feature is controlled using <code class="highlighter-rouge">stream_entire_sstables</code> in <code class="highlighter-rouge">cassandra.yaml</code> and is enabled by default. Even though this feature is enabled, it will respect the throttling limits as defined by <code class="highlighter-rouge">stream_throughput_outbound_megabits_per_sec</code>.</p>
+
+<h2 id="impact">Impact</h2>
+
+<p>Cassandra can stream SSTables only bounded by the hardware limitations (Network and Disk IO). With this optimization, we hope to make Cassandra more performant and reliable.</p>
+
+<p>Microbenchmarking this feature shows a marked improvement (higher is better). Block Stream Writers are the ZeroCopy writers and Partial Stream Writers are the existing writers.</p>
+
+<table class="table-condensed table-bordered table-hover">
+ <thead>
+ <tr>
+ <th>Benchmark</th>
+ <th>Mode</th>
+ <th>Cnt</th>
+ <th>Score</th>
+ <th>Error</th>
+ <th>Units</th>
+ </tr>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <td>ZeroCopyStreamingBenchmark.blockStreamReader</td>
+ <td>thrpt</td>
+ <td>10</td>
+ <td>20.119</td>
+ <td>± 1.300</td>
+ <td>ops/s</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>ZeroCopyStreamingBenchmark.blockStreamWriter</td>
+ <td>thrpt</td>
+ <td>10</td>
+ <td>1339.672</td>
+ <td>± 352.242</td>
+ <td>ops/s</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>ZeroCopyStreamingBenchmark.partialStreamReader</td>
+ <td>thrpt</td>
+ <td>10</td>
+ <td>0.590</td>
+ <td>± 0.135</td>
+ <td>ops/s</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>ZeroCopyStreamingBenchmark.partialStreamWriter</td>
+ <td>thrpt</td>
+ <td>10</td>
+ <td>17.556</td>
+ <td>± 0.323</td>
+ <td>ops/s</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2>
+
+<p>If you’re a Cassandra user, we would love to hear back from you. Please send us feedback via user <a href="http://cassandra.apache.org/community/">Mailing List</a>, <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/projects/CASSANDRA/summary">Jira</a>, or <a href="http://cassandra.apache.org/community/">IRC</a> (or any combination of the three).</p>
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diff --git a/content/blog/2018/08/21/testing_apache_cassandra.html b/content/blog/2018/08/21/testing_apache_cassandra.html
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+ <h2>Testing Apache Cassandra 4.0</h2>
+ <p>Posted on August 21, 2018 by the Apache Cassandra Community</p>
+ <h5><a href="/blog">« Back to the Apache Cassandra Blog</a></h5>
+ <hr />
+ <p>With the goal of ensuring reliability and stability in Apache Cassandra 4.0, the project’s committers have voted to freeze new features on September 1 to concentrate on testing and validation before cutting a stable beta. Towards that goal, the community is investing in methodologies that can be performed at scale to exercise edge cases in the largest Cassandra clusters. The result, we hope, is to make Apache Cassandra 4.0 the best-tested and most reliable major release right out of [...]
+
+<p>In the interests of communication (and hopefully more participation), here’s a look at some of the approaches being used to test Apache Cassandra 4.0:</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h4 id="replay-testing">Replay Testing</h4>
+<h5 id="workload-recording-log-replay-and-comparison">Workload Recording, Log Replay, and Comparison</h5>
+
+<p>Replay testing allows for side-by-side comparison of a workload using two versions of the same database. It is a black-box technique that answers the question, “did anything change that we didn’t expect?”</p>
+
+<p>Replay testing is simple in concept: record a workload, then re-issue it against two clusters – one running a stable release and the second running a candidate build. Replay testing a stateful distributed system is more challenging. For a subset of workloads, we can achieve determinism in testing by grouping writes by CQL partition and ordering them via client-supplied timestamps. This also allows us to achieve parallelism, as recorded workloads can be distributed by partition across [...]
+
+<p>The suite of Full Query Logging (“FQL”) tools in Apache Cassandra enable workload recording. <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-14618">CASSANDRA-14618</a> and <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-14619">CASSANDRA-14619</a> will add fqltool replay and fqltool compare, enabling log replay and comparison. Standard tools in the Apache ecosystem such as <a href="https://spark.apache.org">Apache Spark</a> and <a href="https://mesos.apache.org">Apach [...]
+
+<hr />
+
+<h4 id="fuzz-testing-and-property-based-testing">Fuzz Testing and Property-Based Testing</h4>
+<h5 id="dynamic-test-generation-and-fuzzing">Dynamic Test Generation and Fuzzing</h5>
+
+<p>Fuzz testing dynamically generates input to be passed through a function for validation. We can make fuzz testing smarter in stateful systems like Apache Cassandra to assert that persisted data conforms to the database’s contracts: acknowledged writes are not lost, deleted data is not resurrected, and consistency levels are respected. Fuzz testing of storage systems to validate these properties requires maintaining a record of responses received from the system; the development of a m [...]
+
+<p>Property-based testing combines fuzz testing and assertions to explore a state space using randomly-generated input. These tests provide dynamic input to the system and assert that its fundamental properties are not violated. These properties can range from generic (e.g., “I can write data and read it back”) to specific (“range tombstone bounds synthesized during short-read-protection reads are properly closed”); and from local to distributed (e.g., “replacing every single node in a c [...]
+
+<p>Unlike model checkers, property-based tests don’t exhaust the state space – but explore it until a threshold of examples is reached. This allows for the computation to be distributed across many machines to gain confidence in code and infrastructure that scales with the amount of computation applied to test it.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h4 id="distributed-tests-and-fault-injection-testing">Distributed Tests and Fault-Injection Testing</h4>
+<h5 id="validating-behavior-under-fault-scenarios">Validating Behavior Under Fault Scenarios</h5>
+
+<p>All of the above techniques can be combined with fault injection testing to validate that the system maintains availability where expected in fault scenarios, that fundamental properties hold, and that reads and writes conform to the system’s contracts. By asserting series of invariants under fault scenarios using different techniques, we gain the ability to exercise edge cases in the system that may reveal unexpected failures in extreme scenarios. Injected faults can take many forms [...]
+
+<hr />
+
+<h4 id="upgrade-testing">Upgrade Testing</h4>
+<h5 id="ensuring-a-safe-upgrade-path">Ensuring a Safe Upgrade Path</h5>
+
+<p>Finally, it’s not enough to test one version of the database. Upgrade testing allows us to validate the upgrade path between major versions, ensuring that a rolling upgrade can be completed successfully, and that contents of the resulting upgraded database is identical to the original. To perform upgrade tests, we begin by snapshotting a cluster and cloning it twice, resulting in two identical clusters. One of the clusters is then upgraded. Finally, we perform a row-by-row scan and co [...]
+
+<hr />
+
+<h4 id="wrapping-up">Wrapping Up</h4>
+
+<p>The Apache Cassandra developer community is working hard to deliver Cassandra 4.0 as the most stable major release to date, bringing a variety of methodologies to bear on the problem. We invite you to join us in the effort, deploying these techniques within your infrastructure and testing the release on your workloads. Learn more about how to get involved <a href="http://cassandra.apache.org/community/">here</a>.</p>
+
+<p>The more that join, the better the release we’ll ship together.</p>
+
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diff --git a/content/blog/2018/10/17/finding_bugs_with_property_based_testing.html b/content/blog/2018/10/17/finding_bugs_with_property_based_testing.html
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+ <h2>Finding Bugs in Cassandra's Internals with Property-based Testing</h2>
+ <p>Posted on October 17, 2018 by the Apache Cassandra Community</p>
+ <h5><a href="/blog">« Back to the Apache Cassandra Blog</a></h5>
+ <hr />
+ <p>As of September 1st, the Apache Cassandra community has shifted the focus of Cassandra 4.0 development from new feature work to testing, validation, and hardening, with the goal of releasing a stable 4.0 that every Cassandra user, from small deployments to large corporations, can deploy with confidence. There are several projects and methodologies that the community is undertaking to this end. One of these is the adoption of property-based testing, which was <a href="http://cassandr [...]
+
+<h4 id="detecting-corruption-is-a-property">Detecting Corruption is a Property</h4>
+
+<p>In this post, we demonstrate property-based testing in Cassandra through the integration of the <a href="https://github.com/ncredinburgh/QuickTheories">QuickTheories</a> library introduced as part of the work done for <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-13304">CASSANDRA-13304</a>.</p>
+
+<p>This ticket modifies the framing of Cassandra’s native client protocol to include checksums in addition to the existing, optional compression. Clients can opt-in to this new feature to retain data integrity across the many hops between themselves and Cassandra. This is meant to address cases where hardware and protocol level checksums fail (due to underlying hardware issues) — a case that has been seen in production. A description of the protocol changes can be found in the ticket but [...]
+
+<p>The test used to find this bug is shown below. This example tests the property that when a frame is corrupted, that corruption should be caught by checksum comparison. The test is wrapped inside of a standard JUnit test case but, once called by JUnit, execution is handed over to QuickTheories to generate and execute hundreds of examples. These examples are dictated by the types of input that should be generated (the arguments to <code class="highlighter-rouge">forAll</code>). The exec [...]
+
+<div><div><pre>
+@Test
+public void corruptionCausesFailure()
+{
+ qt().withExamples(500)
+ .forAll(inputWithCorruptablePosition(),
+ integers().between(0, Byte.MAX_VALUE).map(Integer::byteValue),
+ compressors(),
+ checksumTypes())
+ .checkAssert(this::roundTripWithCorruption);
+}
+</pre></div></div>
+
+<p>The <code class="highlighter-rouge">roundTripWithCorruption</code> function is a generalization of a unit test that worked similarly but for a single case. It is given an input to transform and a position in the transformed output to insert corruption, as well as what byte to write to the corrupted position. The additional arguments (the compressor and checksum type) are used to ensure coverage of Cassandra’s various compression and checksumming implementations.</p>
+
+<div><div><pre>
+private void roundTripWithCorruption(Pair<String, Integer> inputAndCorruptablePosition,
+ byte corruptionValue,
+ Compressor compressor,
+ ChecksumType checksum) {
+ String input = inputAndCorruptablePosition.left;
+ ByteBuf expectedBuf = Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(input.getBytes());
+ int byteToCorrupt = inputAndCorruptablePosition.right;
+ ChecksummingTransformer transformer = new ChecksummingTransformer(checksum, DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE, compressor);
+ ByteBuf outbound = transformer.transformOutbound(expectedBuf);
+
+ // make sure we're actually expecting to produce some corruption
+ if (outbound.getByte(byteToCorrupt) == corruptionValue)
+ return;
+
+ if (byteToCorrupt >= outbound.writerIndex())
+ return;
+
+ try {
+ int oldIndex = outbound.writerIndex();
+ outbound.writerIndex(byteToCorrupt);
+ outbound.writeByte(corruptionValue);
+ outbound.writerIndex(oldIndex);
+ ByteBuf inbound = transformer.transformInbound(outbound, FLAGS);
+
+ // verify that the content was actually corrupted
+ expectedBuf.readerIndex(0);
+ Assert.assertEquals(expectedBuf, inbound);
+ } catch(ProtocolException e) {
+ return;
+ }
+}
+</pre></div></div>
+
+<p>The remaining piece is how those arguments are generated — the arguments to <code class="highlighter-rouge">forAll</code> mentioned above. Each argument is a function that returns an input generator. For each example, an input is pulled from each generator and passed to <code class="highlighter-rouge">roundTripWithCorruption</code>. The <code class="highlighter-rouge">compressors()</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">checksums()</code> generators aren’t copied here. They can b [...]
+
+<p>The <code class="highlighter-rouge">inputWithCorruptiblePosition</code> generator, copied below, generates strings to use as input to the transformation function and a position within the output byte stream to corrupt. Because compression prevents knowledge of the output size of the frame, the generator tries to choose a somewhat reasonable position to corrupt by limiting the choice to the size of the generated string (it’s uncommon for compression to generate a larger string and the [...]
+
+<div><div><pre>
+private Gen<Pair<String, Integer>> inputWithCorruptablePosition()
+{
+ return inputs().flatMap(s -> integers().between(2, s.length() + 2)
+ .map(i -> Pair.create(s, i)));
+}
+</pre></div></div>
+
+<p>With all those pieces in place, if the test were run before the bug were fixed, it would fail with the following output.</p>
+
+<div><div><pre>
+java.lang.AssertionError: Property falsified after 2 example(s)
+Smallest found falsifying value(s) :-
+{(c,3), 0, null, Adler32}
+
+Cause was :-
+java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: readerIndex(10) + length(16711681) exceeds writerIndex(15): UnpooledHeapByteBuf(ridx: 10, widx: 15, cap: 54/54)
+ at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBuf.checkReadableBytes0(AbstractByteBuf.java:1401)
+ at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBuf.checkReadableBytes(AbstractByteBuf.java:1388)
+ at io.netty.buffer.AbstractByteBuf.readBytes(AbstractByteBuf.java:870)
+ at org.apache.cassandra.transport.frame.checksum.ChecksummingTransformer.transformInbound(ChecksummingTransformer.java:289)
+ at org.apache.cassandra.transport.frame.checksum.ChecksummingTransformerTest.roundTripWithCorruption(ChecksummingTransformerTest.java:106)
+ ...
+Other found falsifying value(s) :-
+{(c,3), 0, null, CRC32}
+{(c,3), 1, null, CRC32}
+{(c,3), 9, null, CRC32}
+{(c,3), 11, null, CRC32}
+{(c,3), 36, null, CRC32}
+{(c,3), 50, null, CRC32}
+{(c,3), 74, null, CRC32}
+{(c,3), 99, null, CRC32}
+
+Seed was 179207634899674
+</pre></div></div>
+
+<p>The output shows more than a single failing example. This is because QuickTheories, like most property-based testing libraries, comes with a shrinker, which performs the task of taking a failure and minimizing its inputs. This aids in debugging because there are multiple failing examples to look at often removing noise in the process. Additionally, a seed value is provided so the same series of tests and failures can be generated again — another useful feature when debugging. In this [...]
+
+<h4 id="where-to-find-more">Where to Find More</h4>
+
+<p>Property-based testing is a broad topic, much of which is not covered by this post. In addition to Cassandra, it has been used successfully in several places including <a href="https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7107466/">car</a> <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.06574.pdf">operating
+systems</a> and <a href="https://youtu.be/hXnS_Xjwk2Y?t=1023">suppliers’ products</a>, <a href="https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2034662">GNOME Glib</a>, <a href="https://github.com/WesleyAC/raft/tree/master/src">distributed consensus</a>, and other <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x9mW54GJpG0">distributed</a> <a href="https://youtu.be/hXnS_Xjwk2Y?t=1382">databases</a>. It can also be combined with other approaches such as fault-injection and memory leak detection. Stateful mod [...]
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+ <h2>Audit Logging in Apache Cassandra 4.0</h2>
+ <p>Posted on October 29, 2018 by the Apache Cassandra Community</p>
+ <h5><a href="/blog">« Back to the Apache Cassandra Blog</a></h5>
+ <hr />
+ <p>Database audit logging is an industry standard tool for enterprises to
+capture critical data change events including what data changed and who
+triggered the event. These captured records can then be reviewed later
+to ensure compliance with regulatory, security and operational policies.</p>
+
+<p>Prior to Apache Cassandra 4.0, the open source community did not have a
+good way of tracking such critical database activity. With this goal in
+mind, Netflix implemented
+<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-12151">CASSANDRA-12151</a>
+so that users of Cassandra would have a simple yet powerful audit
+logging tool built into their database out of the box.</p>
+
+<h2 id="why-are-audit-logs-important">Why are Audit Logs Important?</h2>
+
+<p>Audit logging database activity is one of the key components for making
+a database truly ready for the enterprise. Audit logging is generally
+useful but enterprises frequently use it for:</p>
+
+<ol>
+ <li>Regulatory compliance with laws such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarbanes%E2%80%93Oxley_Act">SOX</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_Card_Industry_Data_Security_Standard">PCI</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation">GDPR</a> et al. These types of compliance are crucial for companies that are traded on public stock exchanges, hold payment information such as credit cards, or retain private user information.</li>
+ <li>Security compliance. Companies often have strict rules for what data can be accessed by which employees, both to protect the privacy of users but also to limit the probability of a data breach.</li>
+ <li>Debugging complex data corruption bugs such as those found in massively distributed microservice architectures like Netflix’s.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<h2 id="why-is-audit-logging-difficult">Why is Audit Logging Difficult?</h2>
+
+<p>Implementing a simple logger in the request (inbound/outbound) path
+sounds easy, but the devil is in the details. In particular, the “fast
+path” of a database, where audit logging must operate, strives to do as
+little as humanly possible so that users get the fastest and most
+scalable database system possible. While implementing Cassandra audit
+logging, we had to ensure that the audit log infrastructure does not
+take up excessive CPU or IO resources from the actual database execution
+itself. However, one cannot simply optimize only for performance because
+that may compromise the guarantees of the audit logging.</p>
+
+<p>For example, if producing an audit record would block a thread, it
+should be dropped to maintain maximum performance. However, most
+compliance requirements prohibit dropping records. Therefore, the key to
+implementing audit logging correctly lies in allowing users to achieve
+both performance <em>and</em> reliability, or absent being able to achieve both
+allow users to make an explicit trade-off through configuration.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 id="audit-logging-design-goals">Audit Logging Design Goals</h2>
+
+<p>The design goal of the Audit log are broadly categorized into 3
+different areas:</p>
+
+<p><strong>Performance</strong>: Considering the Audit Log injection points are
+live in the request path, performance is an important goal in every
+design decision.</p>
+
+<p><strong>Accuracy</strong> : Accuracy is required by compliance and is thus a
+critical goal. Audit Logging must be able to answer crucial auditor
+questions like “Is every write request to the database being audited?”.
+As such, accuracy cannot be compromised.</p>
+
+<p><strong>Usability & Extensibility</strong>: The diverse Cassandra ecosystem
+demands that any frequently used feature must be easily usable and
+pluggable (e.g., Compaction, Compression, SeedProvider etc...), so the
+Audit Log interface was designed with this context in mind from the
+start.</p>
+
+<h2 id="implementation">Implementation</h2>
+
+<p>With these three design goals in mind, the
+<a href="https://github.com/OpenHFT">OpenHFT</a> libraries were an
+obvious choice due to their reliability and high performance. Earlier in
+<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-13983">CASSANDRA-13983</a>
+the <a href="https://github.com/OpenHFT/Chronicle-Queue">chronical queue
+library</a> of
+OpenHFT was introduced as a BinLog utility to the Apache Cassandra code
+base. The performance of Full Query Logging (FQL) was excellent, but it only instrumented mutation and read query paths. It was missing a lot of critical data such as when queries failed, where they came from, and which user issued the query. The FQL was also single purpose: preferring to drop messages rather than delay the process (which makes sense for FQL but not for Audit Logging). Lastly, the FQL didn’t allow for pluggability, which would make it harder to adopt in the codebase for [...]
+
+<p>As shown in the architecture figure below, we were able to unify the FQL feature with the AuditLog functionality through the AuditLogManager and IAuditLogger abstractions. Using this architecture, we can support any output format: logs, files, databases, etc. By default, the BinAuditLogger implementation comes out of the box to maintain performance. Users can choose the custom audit logger implementation by dropping the jar file on Cassandra classpath and customizing with configurati [...]
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/cassandra/blob/trunk/conf/cassandra.yaml#L1216-L1234">cassandra.yaml</a>
+file.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 id="architecture">Architecture</h2>
+
+<p><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAA8AAAALQCAYAAABfdxm0AACAAElEQVR42uydB7QUVda2/UcdFUUQRBRUTJhQBBOK4gCKERRUDAOKIoiKggrKCAJKDpJzzhlFUHLOIChGMOecxjBf/r51/n5P31O3qrqqu7q7cr3PWntxb3d15b7003uffQ46iBBCCCGEEEIIIYQQQgghhBBCCCGEEEIIIYQQQgghhBBCCCGEEEIIIYQQQgghhBBCCCGEEEIIIYQQQgghhBBCCCGEEEIIIYQQQgghhBBCCCGEEEIIIYQQQgghhBBCCCGEEEIIIYQQQgghhBBCCCGEEEIIIYQQQgghhBBCCCGEEEIIIYQQQgghhBBCCCGEEEIIIYQQQgghhBBCCCGEEEIIIYQQQgghhBBCCCGEEEIIIYQQQgghhBBCCCGEEEIIIYQQQgghhBBCCCGEEEIIIYQQQ [...]
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 id="what-does-it-log">What does it log</h2>
+
+<p>Each audit log implementation has access to the following attributes. For the default text-based logger, these fields are concatenated with <code class="highlighter-rouge">|</code> to yield the final message.</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">user</code>: User name(if available)</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">host</code>: Host IP, where the command is being executed</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">source ip address</code>: Source IP address from where the request initiated</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">source port</code>: Source port number from where the request initiated</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">timestamp</code>: unix time stamp</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">type</code>: Type of the request (SELECT, INSERT, etc.,)</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">category</code> - Category of the request (DDL, DML, etc.,)</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">keyspace</code> - Keyspace(If applicable) on which request is targeted to be executed</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">scope</code> - Table/Aggregate name/ function name/ trigger name etc., as applicable</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">operation</code> - CQL command being executed</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="example-of-audit-log-messages">Example of Audit log messages</h3>
+<div><pre>
+Type: AuditLog
+LogMessage: user:anonymous|host:127.0.0.1:7000|source:/127.0.0.1|port:53418|timestamp:1539978679457|type:SELECT|category:QUERY|ks:k1|scope:t1|operation:SELECT * from k1.t1 ;
+
+Type: AuditLog
+LogMessage: user:anonymous|host:127.0.0.1:7000|source:/127.0.0.1|port:53418|timestamp:1539978692456|type:SELECT|category:QUERY|ks:system|scope:peers|operation:SELECT * from system.peers limit 1;
+
+Type: AuditLog
+LogMessage: user:anonymous|host:127.0.0.1:7000|source:/127.0.0.1|port:53418|timestamp:1539980764310|type:SELECT|category:QUERY|ks:system_virtual_schema|scope:columns|operation:SELECT * from system_virtual_schema.columns ;
+</pre></div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 id="how-to-configure">How to configure</h2>
+<p>Auditlog can be configured using <a href="https://github.com/apache/cassandra/blob/trunk/conf/cassandra.yaml#L1216-L1234">cassandra.yaml</a>. If you want to try Auditlog on one node, it can also be enabled and configured using <code class="highlighter-rouge">nodetool</code>.</p>
+
+<h4 id="cassandrayaml-configurations-for-auditlog">cassandra.yaml configurations for AuditLog</h4>
+<ul>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">enabled</code>: This option enables/ disables audit log</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">logger</code>: Class name of the logger/ custom logger.</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">audit_logs_dir</code>: Auditlogs directory location, if not set, default to <code class="highlighter-rouge">cassandra.logdir.audit</code> or <code class="highlighter-rouge">cassandra.logdir</code> + /audit/</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">included_keyspaces</code>: Comma separated list of keyspaces to be included in audit log, default - includes all keyspaces</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">excluded_keyspaces</code>: Comma separated list of keyspaces to be excluded from audit log, default - excludes no keyspace</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">included_categories</code>: Comma separated list of Audit Log Categories to be included in audit log, default - includes all categories</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">excluded_categories</code>: Comma separated list of Audit Log Categories to be excluded from audit log, default - excludes no category</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">included_users</code>: Comma separated list of users to be included in audit log, default - includes all users</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">excluded_users</code>: Comma separated list of users to be excluded from audit log, default - excludes no user</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Note: BinAuditLogger configurations can be tuned using cassandra.yaml properties as well.</p>
+
+<p>List of available categories are: QUERY, DML, DDL, DCL, OTHER, AUTH, ERROR, PREPARE</p>
+
+<h4 id="nodetool-command-to-enable-auditlog">NodeTool command to enable AuditLog</h4>
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">enableauditlog</code>: Enables AuditLog with yaml defaults. yaml configurations can be overridden using options via nodetool command.</p>
+
+<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>nodetool enableauditlog
+</code></pre>
+</div>
+
+<p><strong>Options:</strong></p>
+
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">--excluded-categories</code>
+ Comma separated list of Audit Log Categories to be excluded for
+ audit log. If not set the value from cassandra.yaml will be used</p>
+
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">--excluded-keyspaces</code>
+ Comma separated list of keyspaces to be excluded for audit log. If
+ not set the value from cassandra.yaml will be used</p>
+
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">--excluded-users</code>
+ Comma separated list of users to be excluded for audit log. If not
+ set the value from cassandra.yaml will be used</p>
+
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">--included-categories</code>
+ Comma separated list of Audit Log Categories to be included for
+ audit log. If not set the value from cassandra.yaml will be used</p>
+
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">--included-keyspaces</code>
+ Comma separated list of keyspaces to be included for audit log. If
+ not set the value from cassandra.yaml will be used</p>
+
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">--included-users</code>
+ Comma separated list of users to be included for audit log. If not
+ set the value from cassandra.yaml will be used</p>
+
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">--logger</code>
+ Logger name to be used for AuditLogging. Default BinAuditLogger. If
+ not set the value from cassandra.yaml will be used</p>
+
+<h4 id="nodetool-command-to-disable-auditlog">NodeTool command to disable AuditLog</h4>
+
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">disableauditlog</code>: Disables AuditLog.</p>
+
+<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>nodetool disableuditlog
+</code></pre>
+</div>
+
+<h4 id="nodetool-command-to-reload-auditlog-filters">NodeTool command to reload AuditLog filters</h4>
+
+<p><code class="highlighter-rouge">enableauditlog</code>: NodeTool enableauditlog command can be used to reload auditlog filters when called with default or previous <code class="highlighter-rouge">loggername</code> and updated filters</p>
+
+<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>nodetool enableauditlog --loggername <Default/ existing loggerName> --included-keyspaces <New Filter values>
+</code></pre>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2>
+
+<p>Now that Apache Cassandra ships with audit logging out of the box, users
+can easily capture data change events to a persistent record indicating
+what happened, when it happened, and where the event originated. This
+type of information remains critical to modern enterprises operating in
+a diverse regulatory environment. While audit logging represents one of
+many steps forward in the 4.0 release, we believe that it will uniquely
+enable enterprises to use the database in ways they could not
+previously.</p>
+
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diff --git a/content/blog/2018/12/03/introducing-transient-replication.html b/content/blog/2018/12/03/introducing-transient-replication.html
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+ <h2>Introducing Transient Replication</h2>
+ <p>Posted on December 03, 2018 by The Apache Cassandra Community</p>
+ <h5><a href="/blog">« Back to the Apache Cassandra Blog</a></h5>
+ <hr />
+ <p>Transient Replication is a new experimental feature soon to be available in 4.0. When enabled, it allows for the creation of keyspaces where replication factor can be specified as a number of copies (full replicas) and temporary copies (transient replicas). Transient replicas retain the data they replicate only long enough for it to be propagated to full replicas, via incremental repair, at which point the data is deleted. Writing to transient replicas can be avoided almost entirely [...]
+
+<p>This results in a savings in disk space, CPU, and IO. By deleting data as soon as it is no longer needed, transient replicas require only a fraction of the disk space of a full replica. By not having to store the data indefinitely, the CPU and IO required for compaction is reduced, and read queries are faster as they have less data to process.</p>
+
+<p>So what are the benefits of not actually keeping a full copy of the data? Well, for some installations and use cases, transient replicas can be almost free if <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consistency_model#Monotonic_Read_Consistency">monotonic reads</a> are disabled. In future releases where monotonic reads are supported with Transient Replication, enabling monotonic reads would reduce the savings in CPU and IO, but even then they should still be significant.</p>
+
+<p>Transient Replication is designed to be transparent to applications:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Consistency levels continue to produce the same results for queries.</li>
+ <li>The number of replicas that can be lost before data loss occurs is unchanged.</li>
+ <li>The number of replicas that can be unavailable before some queries start to timeout or return unavailable is unchanged (with the exception of ONE).</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>With Transient Replication, you can go from 3 replicas to 5 replicas, two of which are transient, without adding any hardware.</p>
+
+<p>If you are running an active-passive 2 DC setup with 3 replicas in each DC, you can make one replica in each DC transient and still have four full copies of the data in total.</p>
+
+<h2 id="feature-support">Feature support</h2>
+
+<p>Transient Replication is not intended to fully replace Cassandra’s existing approach to replication. There are features that currently don’t work with transiently replicated keyspaces and features that are unlikely ever to work with them.</p>
+
+<p>You can have keyspaces with and without Transient Replication enabled in the same cluster, so it is possible to use Transient Replication for just the use cases that are a good fit for the currently available functionality.</p>
+
+<h3 id="currently-unsupported-but-coming">Currently unsupported but coming:</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Monotonic reads</li>
+ <li>Batch log</li>
+ <li>LWT</li>
+ <li>Counters</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="will-never-be-supported">Will never be supported:</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Secondary indexes</li>
+ <li>Materialized views</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2 id="how-transient-replication-works">How Transient Replication works</h2>
+
+<h3 id="overview">Overview</h3>
+
+<p>Transient replication extends Cassandra’s existing consistent hashing algorithm to designate some replicas of a point or range on the consistent hash ring as transient and some as full. The following image depicts a consistent hash ring with three replicas <strong>A</strong>, <strong>B</strong>, and <strong>C</strong>. The replicas are located at tokens 5, 10, 15 respectively. A key <strong><em>k</em></strong> hashes to token 3 on the ring.</p>
+
+<p><img src="/img/blog-post-introducing-transient-replication/diagram-hash-ring.gif" alt="A consistent hash ring without Transient Replication" title="A consistent hash ring without Rransient Replication" /></p>
+
+<p>Replicas are selected by walking the ring clockwise starting at the point on the ring the key hashes to. At RF=3, the replicas of key <strong><em>k **</em>are **A</strong>, <strong>B</strong>, <strong>C</strong>.
+With Transient Replication, the last N replicas (where N is the configured number of transient replicas) found while walking the ring are designated as transient.</p>
+
+<p>There are no nodes designated as transient replicas or full replicas. All nodes will fully replicate some ranges on the ring and transiently replicate others.</p>
+
+<p>The following image depicts a consistent hash ring at RF=3/1 (three replicas, one of which is transient). The replicas of <strong><em>k</em></strong> are still <strong>A</strong>, <strong>B</strong>, and <strong>C</strong>, but <strong>C</strong> is now transiently replicating <strong><em>k</em></strong>.</p>
+
+<p><img src="/img/blog-post-introducing-transient-replication/diagram-hash-ring-with-transient-replica.gif" alt="A consistent hash ring with Transient Replication" title="A consistent hash ring with Transient Replication" /></p>
+
+<p>Normally all replicas of a range receive all writes for that range, as depicted in the following image.</p>
+
+<p><img src="/img/blog-post-introducing-transient-replication/diagram-regular-write.gif" alt="Normal write behavior" title="Normal write behavior" /></p>
+
+<p>Transient replicas do not receive writes in the normal write path.</p>
+
+<p><img src="/img/blog-post-introducing-transient-replication/diagram-transient-write.gif" alt="Transient write behavior" title="Transient write behavior" /></p>
+
+<p>If sufficient full replicas are unavailable, transient replicas will receive writes.</p>
+
+<p><img src="/img/blog-post-introducing-transient-replication/diagram-transient-write-down-node.gif" alt="Transient write with unavailable node" title="Transient write with unavailable node" /></p>
+
+<p>This optimization, which is possible with Transient Replication, is called Cheap Quorums. This minimizes the amount of work that transient replicas have to do at write time, and reduces the amount of background compaction they will have to do.</p>
+
+<p><strong>Cheap Quorums and monotonic reads:</strong> Cheap Quorums may end up being incompatible with an initial implementation of monotonic reads, and operators will be able to make a conscious trade off between performance and monotonic reads.</p>
+
+<h3 id="rapid-write-protection">Rapid write protection</h3>
+
+<p>In keyspaces utilizing Transient Replication, writes are sent to every full replica and enough transient replicas to meet the requested consistency level (to make up for unavailable full replicas). In addition, enough transient replicas are selected to reach a quorum in every datacenter, though unless the consistency level requires it, the write will be acknowledged without ensuring all have been delivered.</p>
+
+<p>Because not all replicas are sent the write, it’s possible that insufficient replicas will respond, causing timeouts. To prevent this, we implement rapid write protection, similar to rapid read protection, that sends writes to additional replicas if sufficient acknowledgements to meet the consistency level are not received promptly.</p>
+
+<p>The following animation shows rapid write protection in action.</p>
+
+<p><img src="/img/blog-post-introducing-transient-replication/diagram-rapid-write-protection.gif" alt="Animation of rapid write protection preventing a write timeout" title="Rapid write protection preventing a write timeout" /></p>
+
+<p>Rapid write protection is configured similarly to rapid read protection using the table option <code class="highlighter-rouge">additional_write_policy</code>. The policy determines how long to wait for acknowledgements before sending additional mutations. The default is to wait for P99 of the observed latency.</p>
+
+<h3 id="incremental-repair">Incremental repair</h3>
+
+<p>Incremental repair is used to clean up transient data at transient replicas and propagate it to full replicas.</p>
+
+<p>When incremental repair occurs transient replicas stream out transient data, but don’t receive any. Anti-compaction is used to separate transient and fully replicated data so that only fully replicated data is retained once incremental repair completes.</p>
+
+<p>The result of running an incremental repair is that all full replicas for a range are synchronized and can be used interchangeably to retrieve the repaired data set for a query.</p>
+
+<h3 id="read-path">Read path</h3>
+
+<p>Reads must always include at least one full replica and can include as many replicas (transient or full) as necessary to achieve the desired consistency level. At least one full replica is required in order to provide the data not available at transient replicas, but it doesn’t matter which full replica is picked because incremental repair synchronizes the repaired data set across full replicas.</p>
+
+<p>Reads at transient replicas are faster than reads at full replicas because reads at transient replicas are unlikely to return any results if monotonic reads are disabled, and they haven’t been receiving writes.</p>
+
+<h2 id="creating-keyspaces-with-transient-replication">Creating keyspaces with Transient Replication</h2>
+
+<p>Transient Replication is supported by SimpleStrategy and NetworkTopologyStrategy. When specifying the replication factor, you can specify the number of transient replicas in addition to the total number of replicas (including transient replicas). The syntax for a replication factor of 3 replicas total with one of them being transient would be “3/1”.</p>
+
+<div class="highlighter-rouge"><pre class="highlight"><code>ALTER KEYSPACE foo WITH REPLICATION = {'class' : 'NetworkTopologyStrategy', 'DC1' : '3/1'};
+ALTER KEYSPACE foo WITH REPLICATION = {'class' : 'SimpleStrategy', 'replication_factor' : '3/1'};
+</code></pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>Monotonic reads are not supported with Transient Replication in 4.0, so any existing tables in the keyspace must have monotonic reads disabled by setting <code class="highlighter-rouge">read_repair = 'NONE'</code></p>
+
+<p>Once the keyspace has been altered, you will need to run incremental repair and then nodetool cleanup to ensure transient data is cleaned up.</p>
+
+<h2 id="operational-matters">Operational matters</h2>
+
+<p>Transient replication requires rolling incremental repair to be run regularly in order to move data from transient replicas to full replicas. By default transient replicas will receive 1% of writes for transiently replicated ranges due to rapid write protection. If a node is down for an extended period of time, its transient replicas will receive additional write load and that data should be cleaned up using incremental repair. Running incremental repair regularly will ensure that the [...]
+
+<p>It’s also a good idea to run a small number of vnodes with transient replication so that when a node goes down the load is spread out over several other nodes that transiently replicate that range. Larges numbers of vnodes are known to be problematic, so it’s best to start with a cluster that is already close to or at its maximum size so that a small number of vnodes will be sufficient. If you intend to grow the cluster in the future, you will need to be cognizant of how this will int [...]
+
+<p>While the odds of any data loss should multiple nodes be permanently lost remain the same with transient replication, the magnitude of potential data loss does not. With 3/1 transient replication the permanent loss of two nodes could result in the loss of the entirety of the repaired data set. If you are running a multi-DC setup with a high level of replication such as 2 DCs, with 3/1 replicas in each, then you will have 4 full copies total and the added risk of transient replication [...]
+
+<h2 id="experimental-features">Experimental features</h2>
+
+<p>Experimental features are a relatively new idea for Apache Cassandra. Although we recently voted to make materialized views an experimental feature retroactively, Transient Replication is the first experimental feature to be introduced as such.</p>
+
+<p>The goal of introducing experimental features is to allow for incremental development across multiple releases. In the case of Transient Replication, we can avoid a giant code drop that heavily modifies the code base, and the associated risks with incorporating a new feature that way.</p>
+
+<p>What it means for a feature to be experimental doesn’t have a set definition, but for Transient Replication it’s intended to set expectations. As of 4.0, Transient Replication’s intended audience is expert operators of Cassandra with the ability to write the book on how to safely deploy Transient Replication, debug any issues that result, and if necessary contribute code back to address problems as they are discovered.</p>
+
+<p>It’s expected that the feature set for Transient Replication will not change in minor updates to 4.0, but eventually it should be ready for use by a wider audience.</p>
+
+<h2 id="next-steps-for-transient-replication">Next steps for Transient Replication</h2>
+
+<p>If increasing availability or saving on capacity sounds good to you, then you can help make transient replication production-ready by testing it out or even deploying it. Experience and feedback from the community is one the of the things that will drive transient replication bug fixing and development.</p>
+
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+ <h2>Even Higher Availability with 5x Faster Streaming in Cassandra 4.0</h2>
+ <p>Posted on April 09, 2019 by The Apache Cassandra Community</p>
+ <h5><a href="/blog">« Back to the Apache Cassandra Blog</a></h5>
+ <hr />
+ <p>Streaming is a process where nodes of a cluster exchange data in the form of SSTables. Streaming can kick in during many situations such as bootstrap, repair, rebuild, range movement, cluster expansion, etc. In this post, we discuss the massive performance improvements made to the streaming process in Apache Cassandra 4.0.</p>
+
+<h2 id="high-availability">High Availability</h2>
+<p>As we know Cassandra is a Highly Available, Eventually Consistent database. The way it maintains its legendary availability is by storing redundant copies of data in nodes known as replicas, usually running on commodity hardware. During normal operations, these replicas may end up having hardware issues causing them to fail. As a result, we need to replace them with new nodes on fresh hardware.</p>
+
+<p>As part of this replacement operation, the new Cassandra node streams data from the neighboring nodes that hold copies of the data belonging to this new node’s token range. Depending on the amount of data stored, this process can require substantial network bandwidth, taking some time to complete. The longer these types of operations take, the more we are exposing ourselves to loss of availability. Depending on your replication factor and consistency requirements, if another node fail [...]
+
+<h2 id="increasing-availability">Increasing Availability</h2>
+<p>To minimize the failure window, we want to make these operations as fast as possible. The faster the new node completes streaming its data, the faster it can serve traffic, increasing the availability of the cluster. Towards this goal, Cassandra 4.0 saw the addition of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-copy">Zero Copy</a> streaming. For more details on Cassandra’s zero copy implementation, see this <a href="../../../2018/08/07/faster_streaming_in_cassandra.html">blog post</a [...]
+
+<h2 id="talking-numbers">Talking Numbers</h2>
+<p>To quantify the results of these improvements, we, at Netflix, measured the performance impact of streaming in 4.0 vs 3.0, using our open source <a href="https://github.com/Netflix/ndbench">NDBench</a> benchmarking tool with the CassJavaDriverGeneric plugin. Though we knew there would be improvements, we were still amazed with the overall results of a <strong>five fold increase</strong> in streaming performance. The test setup and operations are all detailed below.</p>
+
+<h3 id="test-setup">Test Setup</h3>
+<p>In our test setup, we used the following configurations:</p>
+<ul>
+ <li>6-node clusters on i3.xl, i3.2xl, i3.4xl and i3.8xl EC2 instances, each on 3.0 and trunk (sha dd7ec5a2d6736b26d3c5f137388f2d0028df7a03).</li>
+ <li>Table schema</li>
+</ul>
+<div><pre>
+CREATE TABLE testing.test (
+ key text,
+ column1 int,
+ value text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (key, column1)
+) WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (column1 ASC)
+ AND bloom_filter_fp_chance = 0.01
+ AND caching = {'keys': 'ALL', 'rows_per_partition': 'NONE'}
+ AND comment = ''
+ AND compaction = {'class': 'org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.LeveledCompactionStrategy'}
+ AND compression = {'enabled': 'false'}
+ AND crc_check_chance = 1.0
+ AND dclocal_read_repair_chance = 0.1
+ AND default_time_to_live = 0
+ AND gc_grace_seconds = 864000
+ AND max_index_interval = 2048
+ AND memtable_flush_period_in_ms = 0
+ AND min_index_interval = 128
+ AND read_repair_chance = 0.0
+ AND speculative_retry = '99PERCENTILE';
+</pre></div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Data size per node: 500GB</li>
+ <li>No. of tokens per node: 1 (no vnodes)</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>To trigger the streaming process we used the following steps in each of the clusters:</p>
+<ul>
+ <li>terminated a node</li>
+ <li>add a new node as a replacement</li>
+ <li>measure the time taken to complete streaming data by the new node replacing the terminated node</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>For each cluster and version, we repeated this exercise multiple times to collect several samples.</p>
+
+<p>Below is the distribution of streaming times we found across the clusters
+<img src="/img/blog-post-benchmarking-streaming/cassandra_streaming.png" alt="Benchmark results" title="Benchmark results" /></p>
+
+<h3 id="interpreting-the-results">Interpreting the Results</h3>
+<p>Based on the graph above, there are many conclusions one can draw from it. Some of them are</p>
+<ul>
+ <li>3.0 streaming times are inconsistent and show high degree of variability (fat distributions across multiple samples)</li>
+ <li>3.0 streaming is highly affected by the instance type and generally looks generally CPU bound</li>
+ <li>Zero Copy streaming is approximately 5x faster</li>
+ <li>Zero Copy streaming time shows little variability in its performance (thin distributions across multiple samples)</li>
+ <li>Zero Copy streaming performance is not CPU bound and remains consistent across instance types</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>It is clear from the performance test results that Zero Copy Streaming has a huge performance benefit over the current streaming infrastructure in Cassandra. But what does it mean in the real world? The following key points are the main take aways.</p>
+
+<p><strong>MTTR (Mean Time to Recovery):</strong> MTTR is a KPI (Key Performance Indicator) that is used to measure how quickly a system recovers from a failure. Zero Copy Streaming has a very direct impact here with a <strong>five fold improvement</strong> on performance.</p>
+
+<p><strong>Costs:</strong> Zero Copy Streaming is ~5x faster. This translates directly into cost for some organizations primarily as a result of reducing the need to maintain spare server or cloud capacity. In other situations where you’re migrating data to larger instance types or moving AZs or DCs, this means that instances that are sending data can be turned off sooner saving costs. An added cost benefit is that now you don’t have to over provision the instance. You get a similar stre [...]
+
+<p><strong>Risk Reduction:</strong> There is a great reduction in the risk due to Zero Copy Streaming as well. Since a Cluster’s recovery mainly depends on the streaming speed, Cassandra clusters with failed nodes will be able to recover much more quickly (5x faster). This means the window of vulnerability is reduced significantly, in some situations down to few minutes.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, a benefit that we generally don’t talk about is the environmental benefit of this change. Zero Copy Streaming enables us to move data very quickly through the cluster. It objectively reduces the number and sizes of instances that are used to build Cassandra cluster. As a result not only does it reduce Cassandra’s TCO (Total Cost of Ownership), it also helps the environment by consuming fewer resources!</p>
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+ <h4><a href="/blog/2019/04/09/benchmarking_streaming.html">Even Higher Availability with 5x Faster Streaming in Cassandra 4.0</a></h4>
+ <p>Posted on April 09, 2019 by The Apache Cassandra Community</p>
+ <p>Streaming is a process where nodes of a cluster exchange data in the form of SSTables. Streaming can kick in during many situations such as bootstrap, repair, rebuild, range movement, cluster expansion, etc. In this post, we discuss the massive performance improvements made to the streaming process in Apache Cassandra 4.0.</p>
+
+
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+ <h4><a href="/blog/2018/12/03/introducing-transient-replication.html">Introducing Transient Replication</a></h4>
+ <p>Posted on December 03, 2018 by The Apache Cassandra Community</p>
+ <p>Transient Replication is a new experimental feature soon to be available in 4.0. When enabled, it allows for the creation of keyspaces where replication factor can be specified as a number of copies (full replicas) and temporary copies (transient replicas). Transient replicas retain the data they replicate only long enough for it to be propagated to full replicas, via incremental repair, at which point the data is deleted. Writing to transient replicas can be avoided almost [...]
+
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+ <p>Posted on October 29, 2018 by the Apache Cassandra Community</p>
+ <p>Database audit logging is an industry standard tool for enterprises to
+capture critical data change events including what data changed and who
+triggered the event. These captured records can then be reviewed later
+to ensure compliance with regulatory, security and operational policies.</p>
+
+
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+ </li>
+
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+ <h4><a href="/blog/2018/10/17/finding_bugs_with_property_based_testing.html">Finding Bugs in Cassandra's Internals with Property-based Testing</a></h4>
+ <p>Posted on October 17, 2018 by the Apache Cassandra Community</p>
+ <p>As of September 1st, the Apache Cassandra community has shifted the focus of Cassandra 4.0 development from new feature work to testing, validation, and hardening, with the goal of releasing a stable 4.0 that every Cassandra user, from small deployments to large corporations, can deploy with confidence. There are several projects and methodologies that the community is undertaking to this end. One of these is the adoption of property-based testing, which was <a href="http:// [...]
+
+
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+ </li>
+
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+ <h4><a href="/blog/2018/08/21/testing_apache_cassandra.html">Testing Apache Cassandra 4.0</a></h4>
+ <p>Posted on August 21, 2018 by the Apache Cassandra Community</p>
+ <p>With the goal of ensuring reliability and stability in Apache Cassandra 4.0, the project’s committers have voted to freeze new features on September 1 to concentrate on testing and validation before cutting a stable beta. Towards that goal, the community is investing in methodologies that can be performed at scale to exercise edge cases in the largest Cassandra clusters. The result, we hope, is to make Apache Cassandra 4.0 the best-tested and most reliable major release righ [...]
+
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diff --git a/content/blog/page2/index.html b/content/blog/page2/index.html
new file mode 100644
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+ <h4><a href="/blog/2018/08/07/faster_streaming_in_cassandra.html">Hardware-bound Zero Copy Streaming in Apache Cassandra 4.0</a></h4>
+ <p>Posted on August 07, 2018 by The Apache Cassandra Community</p>
+ <p>Streaming in Apache Cassandra powers host replacement, range movements, and cluster expansions. Streaming plays a crucial role in the cluster and as such its performance is key to not only the speed of the operations its used in but the cluster’s health generally. In Apache Cassandra 4.0, we have introduced an improved streaming implementation that reduces GC pressure and increases throughput several folds and are now limited, in some cases, only by the disk / network IO (Se [...]
+
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new file mode 100644
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+ <h2 id="community">Community</h2>
+
+<h3 id="getting-and-keeping-in-touch">Getting and keeping in touch</h3>
+
+<h4 id="mailing-lists">Mailing lists<a name="mailing"></a></h4>
+
+<p>Discussion and questions on Cassandra’s usage and development happens mainly on the following mailing lists:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="http://www.mail-archive.com/user@cassandra.apache.org/">Users</a>: General mailing list for user questions and discussions. This is also where new releases are announced
+(<a href="mailto:user-subscribe@cassandra.apache.org">subscribe</a> | <a href="mailto:user-unsubscribe@cassandra.apache.org">unsubscribe</a> | <a href="https://lists.apache.org/list.html?user@cassandra.apache.org">Archives</a>).</li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.mail-archive.com/dev@cassandra.apache.org/">Developers</a>: Questions and discussions related to Cassandra development
+(<a href="mailto:dev-subscribe@cassandra.apache.org">subscribe</a> | <a href="mailto:dev-unsubscribe@cassandra.apache.org">unsubscribe</a> | <a href="https://lists.apache.org/list.html?dev@cassandra.apache.org">Archives</a>).</li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.mail-archive.com/commits@cassandra.apache.org/">Commits</a>: Notification on commits done to the source
+repository and on <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA">JIRA</a> updates. This is a fairly noisy mailing list
+mostly useful for Cassandra developers and those who would like to keep close tabs on Cassandra’s development
+(<a href="mailto:commits-subscribe@cassandra.apache.org">subscribe</a> | <a href="mailto:commits-unsubscribe@cassandra.apache.org">unsubscribe</a> | <a href="https://lists.apache.org/list.html?commits@cassandra.apache.org">Archives</a>).</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4 id="slack">Slack</h4>
+
+<p>We have recently moved to the ASF Slack organization for all chat. Please <a href="https://s.apache.org/slack-invite">sign up for an account</a> to participate.</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">#cassandra</code> - for user questions and general discussions.</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">#cassandra-dev</code> - strictly for questions or discussions related to Cassandra development.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4 id="irc">IRC<a name="irc"></a></h4>
+
+<p><em>Note</em>: Most discussion has been moved to the above Slack channels.</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">#cassandra-dev</code> - strictly for questions or discussions related to Cassandra development.</li>
+ <li><code class="highlighter-rouge">#cassandra-builds</code> - results of automated test builds.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Communication on the <code class="highlighter-rouge">#cassandra-dev</code> channel is <a href="http://wilderness.apache.org/channels/#logs-#cassandra-dev">publicly archived</a>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="stack-overflow">Stack Overflow</h3>
+
+<p>You can also check the <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/cassandra">Q&A about using Cassandra</a> on Stack
+Overflow.</p>
+
+<h3 id="books-and-publications">Books and Publications</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920299837.do">Cassandra: The Definitive Guide, 3rd Edition</a>, by Jeff Carpenter and Eben Hewitt. Updated for Cassandra 4.0</li>
+ <li><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Apache-Cassandra-Nishant-Neeraj/dp/1784392618/">Mastering Apache Cassandra, 2nd Edition</a>, by Nishant Neeraj</li>
+ <li><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Learning-Apache-Cassandra-Tolerant-Real-Time/dp/1783989203/">Learning Apache Cassandra - Manage Fault Tolerant and Scalable Real-Time Data</a>, by Mat Brown</li>
+ <li><a href="https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1773922">Cassandra: a decentralized structured storage system</a>, by Avinash Lakshman and Prashant Malik</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="reporting-bugs">Reporting bugs</h3>
+
+<p>If you encounter a problem with Cassandra, the first places to ask for help are the <a href="#mailing">user mailing list</a>
+and the <code class="highlighter-rouge">#cassandra</code> <a href="#irc">IRC channel</a>.</p>
+
+<p>If, after having asked for help, you suspect that you have found a bug in Cassandra, you should report it by opening a
+ticket through the <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA">Apache Cassandra JIRA</a>. Please provide as much
+details as you can on your problem, and don’t forget to indicate which version of Cassandra you are running and on which
+environment.</p>
+
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+ color: #009999; }
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+.mo {
+ color: #009999; }
+
+.sb {
+ color: #dd1144; }
+
+.sc {
+ color: #dd1144; }
+
+.sd {
+ color: #dd1144; }
+
+.s2 {
+ color: #dd1144; }
+
+.se {
+ color: #dd1144; }
+
+.sh {
+ color: #dd1144; }
+
+.si {
+ color: #dd1144; }
+
+.sx {
+ color: #dd1144; }
+
+.sr {
+ color: #009926; }
+
+.s1 {
+ color: #dd1144; }
+
+.ss {
+ color: #990073; }
+
+.bp {
+ color: #999999; }
+
+.vc {
+ color: teal; }
+
+.vg {
+ color: teal; }
+
+.vi {
+ color: teal; }
+
+.il {
+ color: #009999; }
+
+.gc {
+ color: #999;
+ background-color: #EAF2F5; }
+
+/*
+ * basic.css
+ * ~~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme.
+ *
+ * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2016 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
+ * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+ *
+ */
+/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+div.clearer {
+ clear: both; }
+
+/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
+div.related {
+ width: 100%;
+ font-size: 90%; }
+
+div.related h3 {
+ display: none; }
+
+div.related ul {
+ margin: 0;
+ padding: 0 0 0 10px;
+ list-style: none; }
+
+div.related li {
+ display: inline; }
+
+div.related li.right {
+ float: right;
+ margin-right: 5px; }
+
+/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+div.sphinxsidebarwrapper {
+ padding: 10px 5px 0 10px; }
+
+div.sphinxsidebar {
+ float: left;
+ width: 230px;
+ margin-left: -100%;
+ font-size: 90%;
+ word-wrap: break-word;
+ overflow-wrap: break-word; }
+
+div.sphinxsidebar ul {
+ list-style: none; }
+
+div.sphinxsidebar ul ul,
+div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points {
+ margin-left: 20px;
+ list-style: square; }
+
+div.sphinxsidebar ul ul {
+ margin-top: 0;
+ margin-bottom: 0; }
+
+div.sphinxsidebar form {
+ margin-top: 10px; }
+
+div.sphinxsidebar input {
+ border: 1px solid #98dbcc;
+ font-family: sans-serif;
+ font-size: 1em; }
+
+div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] {
+ width: 170px; }
+
+img {
+ border: 0;
+ max-width: 100%; }
+
+/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+ul.search {
+ margin: 10px 0 0 20px;
+ padding: 0; }
+
+ul.search li {
+ padding: 5px 0 5px 20px;
+ background-image: url(file.png);
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+ background-position: 0 7px; }
+
+ul.search li a {
+ font-weight: bold; }
+
+ul.search li div.context {
+ color: #888;
+ margin: 2px 0 0 30px;
+ text-align: left; }
+
+ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a {
+ font-weight: bold; }
+
+/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */
+table.contentstable {
+ width: 90%; }
+
+table.contentstable p.biglink {
+ line-height: 150%; }
+
+a.biglink {
+ font-size: 1.3em; }
+
+span.linkdescr {
+ font-style: italic;
+ padding-top: 5px;
+ font-size: 90%; }
+
+/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */
+table.indextable {
+ width: 100%; }
+
+table.indextable td {
+ text-align: left;
+ vertical-align: top; }
+
+table.indextable dl, table.indextable dd {
+ margin-top: 0;
+ margin-bottom: 0; }
+
+table.indextable tr.pcap {
+ height: 10px; }
+
+table.indextable tr.cap {
+ margin-top: 10px;
+ background-color: #f2f2f2; }
+
+img.toggler {
+ margin-right: 3px;
+ margin-top: 3px;
+ cursor: pointer; }
+
+div.modindex-jumpbox {
+ border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
+ margin: 1em 0 1em 0;
+ padding: 0.4em; }
+
+div.genindex-jumpbox {
+ border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
+ margin: 1em 0 1em 0;
+ padding: 0.4em; }
+
+/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */
+div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote {
+ -moz-hyphens: auto;
+ -ms-hyphens: auto;
+ -webkit-hyphens: auto;
+ hyphens: auto; }
+
+a.headerlink {
+ visibility: hidden; }
+
+h1:hover > a.headerlink,
+h2:hover > a.headerlink,
+h3:hover > a.headerlink,
+h4:hover > a.headerlink,
+h5:hover > a.headerlink,
+h6:hover > a.headerlink,
+dt:hover > a.headerlink,
+caption:hover > a.headerlink,
+p.caption:hover > a.headerlink,
+div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink {
+ visibility: visible; }
+
+div.body p.caption {
+ text-align: inherit; }
+
+div.body td {
+ text-align: left; }
+
+.field-list ul {
+ padding-left: 1em; }
+
+.first {
+ margin-top: 0 !important; }
+
+p.rubric {
+ margin-top: 30px;
+ font-weight: bold; }
+
+img.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left {
+ clear: left;
+ float: left;
+ margin-right: 1em; }
+
+img.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right {
+ clear: right;
+ float: right;
+ margin-left: 1em; }
+
+img.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center {
+ display: block;
+ margin-left: auto;
+ margin-right: auto; }
+
+.align-left {
+ text-align: left; }
+
+.align-center {
+ text-align: center; }
+
+.align-right {
+ text-align: right; }
+
+/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */
+div.sidebar {
+ margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em;
+ border: 1px solid #ddb;
+ padding: 7px 7px 0 7px;
+ background-color: #ffe;
+ width: 40%;
+ float: right; }
+
+p.sidebar-title {
+ font-weight: bold; }
+
+/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
+div.topic {
+ border: 1px solid #ccc;
+ padding: 7px 7px 0 7px;
+ margin: 10px 0 10px 0; }
+
+p.topic-title {
+ font-size: 1.1em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ margin-top: 10px; }
+
+/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+div.admonition {
+ margin-top: 10px;
+ margin-bottom: 10px;
+ padding: 7px; }
+
+div.admonition dt {
+ font-weight: bold; }
+
+div.admonition dl {
+ margin-bottom: 0; }
+
+p.admonition-title {
+ margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px;
+ font-weight: bold; }
+
+div.body p.centered {
+ text-align: center;
+ margin-top: 25px; }
+
+/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
+table.docutils {
+ border: 0;
+ border-collapse: collapse; }
+
+table caption span.caption-number {
+ font-style: italic; }
+
+table.docutils td, table.docutils th {
+ padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px;
+ border-top: 0;
+ border-left: 0;
+ border-right: 0;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; }
+
+table.field-list td, table.field-list th {
+ border: 0 !important; }
+
+table.footnote td, table.footnote th {
+ border: 0 !important; }
+
+th {
+ text-align: left;
+ padding-right: 5px; }
+
+table.citation {
+ border-left: solid 1px gray;
+ margin-left: 1px; }
+
+table.citation td {
+ border-bottom: none; }
+
+/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+div.figure {
+ margin: 0.5em;
+ padding: 0.5em; }
+
+div.figure p.caption {
+ padding: 0.3em; }
+
+div.figure p.caption span.caption-number {
+ font-style: italic; }
+
+/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */
+ol.arabic {
+ list-style: decimal; }
+
+ol.loweralpha {
+ list-style: lower-alpha; }
+
+ol.upperalpha {
+ list-style: upper-alpha; }
+
+ol.lowerroman {
+ list-style: lower-roman; }
+
+ol.upperroman {
+ list-style: upper-roman; }
+
+dl {
+ margin-bottom: 15px; }
+
+dd p {
+ margin-top: 0px; }
+
+dd ul, dd table {
+ margin-bottom: 10px; }
+
+dd {
+ margin-top: 3px;
+ margin-bottom: 10px;
+ margin-left: 30px; }
+
+dt:target, .highlighted {
+ background-color: #fbe54e; }
+
+dl.glossary dt {
+ font-weight: bold;
+ font-size: 1.1em; }
+
+.field-list ul {
+ margin: 0;
+ padding-left: 1em; }
+
+.field-list p {
+ margin: 0; }
+
+.optional {
+ font-size: 1.3em; }
+
+.sig-paren {
+ font-size: larger; }
+
+.versionmodified {
+ font-style: italic; }
+
+.system-message {
+ background-color: #fda;
+ padding: 5px;
+ border: 3px solid red; }
+
+.footnote:target {
+ background-color: #ffa; }
+
+.line-block {
+ display: block;
+ margin-top: 1em;
+ margin-bottom: 1em; }
+
+.line-block .line-block {
+ margin-top: 0;
+ margin-bottom: 0;
+ margin-left: 1.5em; }
+
+.guilabel, .menuselection {
+ font-family: sans-serif; }
+
+.accelerator {
+ text-decoration: underline; }
+
+.classifier {
+ font-style: oblique; }
+
+abbr, acronym {
+ border-bottom: dotted 1px;
+ cursor: help; }
+
+/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */
+pre {
+ overflow: auto;
+ overflow-y: hidden;
+ /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ }
+
+td.linenos pre {
+ padding: 5px 0px;
+ border: 0;
+ background-color: transparent;
+ color: #aaa; }
+
+table.highlighttable {
+ margin-left: 0.5em; }
+
+table.highlighttable td {
+ padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; }
+
+div.code-block-caption {
+ padding: 2px 5px;
+ font-size: small; }
+
+div.code-block-caption code {
+ background-color: transparent; }
+
+div.code-block-caption + div > div.highlight > pre {
+ margin-top: 0; }
+
+div.code-block-caption span.caption-number {
+ padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
+ font-style: italic; }
+
+div.literal-block-wrapper {
+ padding: 1em 1em 0; }
+
+div.literal-block-wrapper div.highlight {
+ margin: 0; }
+
+code.descname {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ font-size: 1.2em; }
+
+code.descclassname {
+ background-color: transparent; }
+
+code.xref, a code {
+ background-color: transparent;
+ font-weight: bold; }
+
+h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code {
+ background-color: transparent; }
+
+.viewcode-link {
+ float: right; }
+
+.viewcode-back {
+ float: right;
+ font-family: sans-serif; }
+
+div.viewcode-block:target {
+ margin: -1px -10px;
+ padding: 0 10px; }
+
+/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */
+img.math {
+ vertical-align: middle; }
+
+div.body div.math p {
+ text-align: center; }
+
+span.eqno {
+ float: right; }
+
+/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */
+@media print {
+ div.document,
+ div.documentwrapper,
+ div.bodywrapper {
+ margin: 0 !important;
+ width: 100%; }
+
+ div.sphinxsidebar,
+ div.related,
+ div.footer,
+ #top-link {
+ display: none; } }
+/* Documentation menu navigation */
+.doc-navigation button.navbar-toggle {
+ border-color: #000; }
+.doc-navigation .icon-bar {
+ background-color: #000; }
+
+.doc-navigation.fixed-navigation {
+ margin-top: 10px; }
+
+@media (max-width: 991px) {
+ .doc-navigation .collapse {
+ display: none !important; }
+ .doc-navigation .navbar-toggle {
+ display: block; }
+ .doc-navigation .navbar-header {
+ float: none; }
+ .doc-navigation .collapsing {
+ overflow: hidden !important; }
+ .doc-navigation .navbar-collapse.collapse.in {
+ display: block !important; } }
+@media (min-width: 991px) {
+ .doc-navigation {
+ margin-top: 40px;
+ background-color: #90bd50;
+ max-width: 350px;
+ z-index: 200;
+ overflow-x: hidden;
+ overflow-y: hidden;
+ padding-top: 10px;
+ padding-bottom: 10px;
+ border-radius: 8px; }
+ .doc-navigation .nav {
+ padding-top: 10px;
+ padding-bottom: 10px; }
+ .doc-navigation .navbar-collapse {
+ padding: 0;
+ max-height: none; }
+ .doc-navigation #doc-search-form {
+ text-align: center;
+ margin-bottom: 20px; }
+ .doc-navigation #doc-search-form input {
+ border-radius: 30px;
+ width: 100%; }
+ .doc-navigation ul {
+ padding-left: 0;
+ float: none; }
+ .doc-navigation ul:not {
+ display: block; }
+ .doc-navigation li {
+ list-style-type: none; }
+ .doc-navigation li.toctree-l1 {
+ padding-top: 2px;
+ padding-bottom: 2px; }
+ .doc-navigation li.toctree-l1 a {
+ color: #f5f5f5;
+ padding-top: 2px;
+ padding-bottom: 2px;
+ margin: 0;
+ display: block;
+ padding-left: 10px;
+ padding-right: 10px; }
+ .doc-navigation li.toctree-l1 a:hover {
+ color: #f5d35f;
+ text-decoration: none; }
+ .doc-navigation li.toctree-l1.current {
+ background-color: #e2e2e2;
+ border-top: 1px solid #80ac40;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #80ac40; }
+ .doc-navigation li.toctree-l1.current > a {
+ color: #404141; }
+ .doc-navigation li.toctree-l1.current > a:hover {
+ color: #557826;
+ text-decoration: none; }
+ .doc-navigation li.toctree-l2 a {
+ color: #404141;
+ margin-left: 10px;
+ font-size: 96%; }
+ .doc-navigation li.toctree-l2 a:hover {
+ color: #557826; }
+ .doc-navigation li.toctree-l3 {
+ margin: 0; }
+ .doc-navigation li.toctree-l3 a {
+ padding-left: 30px;
+ color: #404141;
+ font-size: 95%; } }
+ul.search li {
+ background-image: none; }
+
+.doc-prev-next-links {
+ margin-top: 40px; }
+
+/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+div.admonition {
+ border: 1px solid transparent;
+ border-radius: 4px;
+ box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
+ -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
+ margin: 20px 10px;
+ padding: 0; }
+ div.admonition dt {
+ font-weight: bold; }
+ div.admonition dl {
+ margin-bottom: 0; }
+ div.admonition p {
+ padding: 15px; }
+ div.admonition p.admonition-title {
+ padding: 10px 15px;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; }
+
+.admonition.admonition-todo {
+ border-color: #337ab7; }
+ .admonition.admonition-todo .admonition-title {
+ color: #fff;
+ border-color: #337ab7;
+ background-color: #337ab7; }
+
+.admonition.warning {
+ border-color: #ebccd1; }
+ .admonition.warning .admonition-title {
+ color: #a94442;
+ border-color: #ebccd1;
+ background-color: #f2d2d2; }
+
+.admonition.note, .admonition.hint {
+ border-color: #d6e9c6; }
+ .admonition.note .admonition-title, .admonition.hint .admonition-title {
+ color: #3c763d;
+ border-color: #d6e9c6;
+ background-color: #dff0d8; }
+
+/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
+table.docutils {
+ margin: 20px 0px 30px 20px; }
+ table.docutils td, table.docutils th {
+ border: 0; }
+ table.docutils thead {
+ background-color: #ddd;
+ border-top: 1px solid #aaa;
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; }
+ table.docutils tbody {
+ border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; }
diff --git a/content/css/style.css b/content/css/style.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6c83de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/css/style.css
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+/*
+ * Main website stylesheet
+ */
+/* Navigation bars. */
+.topnav {
+ background-color: #2f3030; }
+ .topnav .breadcrumb {
+ background-color: #2f3030;
+ padding: 8px 0px;
+ margin: auto;
+ color: #f5f5f5; }
+ .topnav .breadcrumb .asf-logo {
+ margin-right: 4px;
+ margin-top: -4px;
+ margin-bottom: -8px;
+ height: 30px; }
+ .topnav a {
+ color: #f5f5f5; }
+ .topnav a:hover, .topnav a:focus {
+ color: #f5d35f;
+ text-decoration: none; }
+ .topnav .navbar {
+ background-color: #90bd50;
+ min-height: 120px;
+ z-index: 0;
+ margin-bottom: 0px; }
+ .topnav .navbar .navbar-brand {
+ min-height: 120px; }
+ .topnav .navbar .navbar-brand img {
+ float: left; }
+ .topnav .navbar .nav {
+ padding: 30px 0 0 0;
+ color: #fff; }
+ .topnav .navbar .nav li a {
+ text-align: center;
+ font-size: 24px;
+ padding: 5px 0 5px 5px;
+ margin: 0 10px;
+ color: #f5f5f5; }
+ .topnav .navbar .nav li a:hover {
+ color: #f5d35f;
+ background: none; }
+ .topnav .navbar .navbar-header {
+ height: 120px; }
+ .topnav .navbar .navbar-toggle {
+ position: relative;
+ top: 50%;
+ transform: translateY(-50%);
+ margin-top: 0; }
+ .topnav .navbar .navbar-toggle .icon-bar {
+ background-color: #FFF; }
+ .topnav .navbar .navbar-toggle:focus .icon-bar {
+ background-color: #000; }
+ .topnav .navbar .navbar-collapse {
+ border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);
+ box-shadow: none; }
+
+@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1024px) {
+ .navbar .nav li a {
+ padding: 8px 0 15px 8px; } }
+/* Jumbotron part. */
+.jumbotron {
+ background: none;
+ max-width: 748px;
+ margin: 30px auto 40px auto;
+ padding: 0px; }
+ .jumbotron h1 {
+ font-size: 40px;
+ font-family: HelveticaNeue-Light,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
+ line-height: 1.2;
+ color: #f5f5f5;
+ text-align: center;
+ padding: 0;
+ margin-bottom: 28px; }
+ .jumbotron .lead {
+ line-height: 1.25;
+ color: white;
+ font-size: 15px;
+ font-weight: 100;
+ letter-spacing: 0.8px;
+ margin-bottom: 48px; }
+ .jumbotron p {
+ text-align: center;
+ margin-bottom: 0px; }
+ .jumbotron .btn.download {
+ border-radius: 8px;
+ font-size: 16px;
+ padding: 11px 28px;
+ margin-bottom: 4px;
+ color: #557826; }
+ .jumbotron .btn.download:hover, .jumbotron .btn.download:focus {
+ color: #f5d35f; }
+ .jumbotron a.changelog {
+ font-size: 15px;
+ display: inline-block;
+ color: #557826; }
+ .jumbotron a.changelog:hover, .jumbotron a.changelog:focus {
+ color: #f5d35f;
+ text-decoration: none; }
+
+/* Features list. */
+.feature-list-group {
+ padding-top: 20px;
+ padding-bottom: 61px; }
+ .feature-list-group .header {
+ text-align: center; }
+ .feature-list-group .header h3 {
+ font-size: 30px;
+ font-weight: 200;
+ text-align: center;
+ margin-bottom: 26px; }
+ .feature-list-group .header .lead {
+ color: #777777;
+ font-size: 14px;
+ font-weight: normal;
+ line-height: 1.42857143;
+ margin-bottom: 55px; }
+ .feature-list-group .feature-list {
+ margin-bottom: 25px; }
+ .feature-list-group .feature-item h4 {
+ color: #90bd50;
+ font-family: HelveticaNeue-Medium,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
+ font-size: 16px;
+ text-transform: uppercase;
+ margin-bottom: 16px; }
+ .feature-list-group .feature-item p {
+ font-family: HelveticaNeue-Light,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
+ font-size: 15px; }
+
+@media (max-width: 767px) {
+ .jumbotron > .lead {
+ font-weight: 200; }
+
+ .feature-list-group {
+ padding: 36px 9px 6px 9px; }
+
+ .feature-list {
+ margin-bottom: 0px; }
+
+ .feature-item {
+ margin-bottom: 48px; } }
+footer {
+ margin-top: 38px;
+ padding-top: 10px;
+ padding-bottom: 20px; }
+
+.social-blk {
+ float: right; }
+
+.nopadding {
+ padding: 0 !important;
+ margin: 0 !important; }
+
+.splash {
+ display: block; }
+
+.author_contact {
+ display: inline-block; }
+
+.author_gravatar {
+ display: inline;
+ padding: 0 20px 20px 5px; }
+
+.share {
+ display: block; }
+
+@media (max-width: 767px) {
+ .social-blk {
+ float: left;
+ width: 100%;
+ margin-bottom: 32px; } }
+pre {
+ overflow: auto;
+ overflow-y: hidden;
+ /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */ }
+ pre code {
+ overflow: auto;
+ overflow-y: hidden;
+ /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */
+ white-space: pre; }
+
+td.linenos pre {
+ padding: 5px 0px;
+ border: 0;
+ background-color: transparent;
+ color: #aaa; }
+
+table.highlighttable {
+ margin-left: 0.5em; }
+
+table.highlighttable td {
+ padding: 0 0.5em 0 0.5em; }
+
+div.code-block-caption {
+ padding: 2px 5px;
+ font-size: small; }
+
+div.code-block-caption code {
+ background-color: transparent; }
+
+div.code-block-caption + div > div.highlight > pre {
+ margin-top: 0; }
+
+div.code-block-caption span.caption-number {
+ padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
+ font-style: italic; }
+
+div.literal-block-wrapper {
+ padding: 1em 1em 0; }
+
+div.literal-block-wrapper div.highlight {
+ margin: 0; }
+
+code.descname {
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+
+ <div class="section" id="dynamo">
+<h1>Dynamo<a class="headerlink" href="#dynamo" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<div class="section" id="gossip">
+<span id="id1"></span><h2>Gossip<a class="headerlink" href="#gossip" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<div class="admonition-todo admonition" id="index-0">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Todo</p>
+<p class="last">todo</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="failure-detection">
+<h2>Failure Detection<a class="headerlink" href="#failure-detection" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<div class="admonition-todo admonition" id="index-1">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Todo</p>
+<p class="last">todo</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="token-ring-ranges">
+<h2>Token Ring/Ranges<a class="headerlink" href="#token-ring-ranges" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<div class="admonition-todo admonition" id="index-2">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Todo</p>
+<p class="last">todo</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="replication">
+<span id="replication-strategy"></span><h2>Replication<a class="headerlink" href="#replication" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The replication strategy of a keyspace determines which nodes are replicas for a given token range. The two main
+replication strategies are <a class="reference internal" href="#simple-strategy"><span class="std std-ref">SimpleStrategy</span></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#network-topology-strategy"><span class="std std-ref">NetworkTopologyStrategy</span></a>.</p>
+<div class="section" id="simplestrategy">
+<span id="simple-strategy"></span><h3>SimpleStrategy<a class="headerlink" href="#simplestrategy" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<p>SimpleStrategy allows a single integer <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">replication_factor</span></code> to be defined. This determines the number of nodes that
+should contain a copy of each row. For example, if <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">replication_factor</span></code> is 3, then three different nodes should store
+a copy of each row.</p>
+<p>SimpleStrategy treats all nodes identically, ignoring any configured datacenters or racks. To determine the replicas
+for a token range, Cassandra iterates through the tokens in the ring, starting with the token range of interest. For
+each token, it checks whether the owning node has been added to the set of replicas, and if it has not, it is added to
+the set. This process continues until <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">replication_factor</span></code> distinct nodes have been added to the set of replicas.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="networktopologystrategy">
+<span id="network-topology-strategy"></span><h3>NetworkTopologyStrategy<a class="headerlink" href="#networktopologystrategy" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<p>NetworkTopologyStrategy allows a replication factor to be specified for each datacenter in the cluster. Even if your
+cluster only uses a single datacenter, NetworkTopologyStrategy should be prefered over SimpleStrategy to make it easier
+to add new physical or virtual datacenters to the cluster later.</p>
+<p>In addition to allowing the replication factor to be specified per-DC, NetworkTopologyStrategy also attempts to choose
+replicas within a datacenter from different racks. If the number of racks is greater than or equal to the replication
+factor for the DC, each replica will be chosen from a different rack. Otherwise, each rack will hold at least one
+replica, but some racks may hold more than one. Note that this rack-aware behavior has some potentially <a class="reference external" href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA-3810">surprising
+implications</a>. For example, if there are not an even number of
+nodes in each rack, the data load on the smallest rack may be much higher. Similarly, if a single node is bootstrapped
+into a new rack, it will be considered a replica for the entire ring. For this reason, many operators choose to
+configure all nodes on a single “rack”.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="tunable-consistency">
+<h2>Tunable Consistency<a class="headerlink" href="#tunable-consistency" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Cassandra supports a per-operation tradeoff between consistency and availability through <em>Consistency Levels</em>.
+Essentially, an operation’s consistency level specifies how many of the replicas need to respond to the coordinator in
+order to consider the operation a success.</p>
+<p>The following consistency levels are available:</p>
+<dl class="docutils">
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ONE</span></code></dt>
+<dd>Only a single replica must respond.</dd>
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TWO</span></code></dt>
+<dd>Two replicas must respond.</dd>
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">THREE</span></code></dt>
+<dd>Three replicas must respond.</dd>
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">QUORUM</span></code></dt>
+<dd>A majority (n/2 + 1) of the replicas must respond.</dd>
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ALL</span></code></dt>
+<dd>All of the replicas must respond.</dd>
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOCAL_QUORUM</span></code></dt>
+<dd>A majority of the replicas in the local datacenter (whichever datacenter the coordinator is in) must respond.</dd>
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EACH_QUORUM</span></code></dt>
+<dd>A majority of the replicas in each datacenter must respond.</dd>
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOCAL_ONE</span></code></dt>
+<dd>Only a single replica must respond. In a multi-datacenter cluster, this also gaurantees that read requests are not
+sent to replicas in a remote datacenter.</dd>
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ANY</span></code></dt>
+<dd>A single replica may respond, or the coordinator may store a hint. If a hint is stored, the coordinator will later
+attempt to replay the hint and deliver the mutation to the replicas. This consistency level is only accepted for
+write operations.</dd>
+</dl>
+<p>Write operations are always sent to all replicas, regardless of consistency level. The consistency level simply
+controls how many responses the coordinator waits for before responding to the client.</p>
+<p>For read operations, the coordinator generally only issues read commands to enough replicas to satisfy the consistency
+level. There are a couple of exceptions to this:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>Speculative retry may issue a redundant read request to an extra replica if the other replicas have not responded
+within a specified time window.</li>
+<li>Based on <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">read_repair_chance</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dclocal_read_repair_chance</span></code> (part of a table’s schema), read requests may be
+randomly sent to all replicas in order to repair potentially inconsistent data.</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="section" id="picking-consistency-levels">
+<h3>Picking Consistency Levels<a class="headerlink" href="#picking-consistency-levels" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<p>It is common to pick read and write consistency levels that are high enough to overlap, resulting in “strong”
+consistency. This is typically expressed as <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">W</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">R</span> <span class="pre">></span> <span class="pre">RF</span></code>, where <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">W</span></code> is the write consistency level, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">R</span></code> is the
+read consistency level, and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">RF</span></code> is the replication factor. For example, if <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">RF</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">3</span></code>, a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">QUORUM</span></code> request will
+require responses from at least two of the three replicas. If <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">QUORUM</span></code> is used for both writes and reads, at least
+one of the replicas is guaranteed to participate in <em>both</em> the write and the read request, which in turn guarantees that
+the latest write will be read. In a multi-datacenter environment, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">LOCAL_QUORUM</span></code> can be used to provide a weaker but
+still useful guarantee: reads are guaranteed to see the latest write from within the same datacenter.</p>
+<p>If this type of strong consistency isn’t required, lower consistency levels like <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ONE</span></code> may be used to improve
+throughput, latency, and availability.</p>
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diff --git a/content/doc/3.11.3/architecture/guarantees.html b/content/doc/3.11.3/architecture/guarantees.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e26f15f
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diff --git a/content/doc/3.11.3/architecture/index.html b/content/doc/3.11.3/architecture/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2a3b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/doc/3.11.3/architecture/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
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+ <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
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+ <div class="section" id="architecture">
+<h1>Architecture<a class="headerlink" href="#architecture" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>This section describes the general architecture of Apache Cassandra.</p>
+<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="overview.html">Overview</a></li>
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new file mode 100644
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+<h1>Overview<a class="headerlink" href="#overview" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<div class="admonition-todo admonition" id="index-0">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Todo</p>
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diff --git a/content/doc/3.11.3/architecture/storage_engine.html b/content/doc/3.11.3/architecture/storage_engine.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b63a228
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/doc/3.11.3/architecture/storage_engine.html
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
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+ <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="overview.html">Overview</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dynamo.html">Dynamo</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Storage Engine</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#commitlog">CommitLog</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#memtables">Memtables</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#sstables">SSTables</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="guarantees.html">Guarantees</a></li>
+</ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../cql/index.html">The Cassandra Query Language (CQL)</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tools/index.html">Cassandra Tools</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/index.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../development/index.html">Cassandra Development</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../faq/index.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../bugs.html">Reporting Bugs and Contributing</a></li>
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+ <div class="col-md-8">
+ <div class="content doc-content">
+ <div class="content-container">
+
+ <div class="section" id="storage-engine">
+<h1>Storage Engine<a class="headerlink" href="#storage-engine" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<div class="section" id="commitlog">
+<span id="commit-log"></span><h2>CommitLog<a class="headerlink" href="#commitlog" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<div class="admonition-todo admonition" id="index-0">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Todo</p>
+<p class="last">todo</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="memtables">
+<span id="id1"></span><h2>Memtables<a class="headerlink" href="#memtables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Memtables are in-memory structures where Cassandra buffers writes. In general, there is one active memtable per table.
+Eventually, memtables are flushed onto disk and become immutable <a class="reference internal" href="#sstables">SSTables</a>. This can be triggered in several
+ways:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>The memory usage of the memtables exceeds the configured threshold (see <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">memtable_cleanup_threshold</span></code>)</li>
+<li>The <a class="reference internal" href="#commit-log"><span class="std std-ref">CommitLog</span></a> approaches its maximum size, and forces memtable flushes in order to allow commitlog segments to
+be freed</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Memtables may be stored entirely on-heap or partially off-heap, depending on <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">memtable_allocation_type</span></code>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="sstables">
+<h2>SSTables<a class="headerlink" href="#sstables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>SSTables are the immutable data files that Cassandra uses for persisting data on disk.</p>
+<p>As SSTables are flushed to disk from <a class="reference internal" href="#memtables"><span class="std std-ref">Memtables</span></a> or are streamed from other nodes, Cassandra triggers compactions
+which combine multiple SSTables into one. Once the new SSTable has been written, the old SSTables can be removed.</p>
+<p>Each SSTable is comprised of multiple components stored in separate files:</p>
+<dl class="docutils">
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Data.db</span></code></dt>
+<dd>The actual data, i.e. the contents of rows.</dd>
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Index.db</span></code></dt>
+<dd>An index from partition keys to positions in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Data.db</span></code> file. For wide partitions, this may also include an
+index to rows within a partition.</dd>
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Summary.db</span></code></dt>
+<dd>A sampling of (by default) every 128th entry in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Index.db</span></code> file.</dd>
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Filter.db</span></code></dt>
+<dd>A Bloom Filter of the partition keys in the SSTable.</dd>
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CompressionInfo.db</span></code></dt>
+<dd>Metadata about the offsets and lengths of compression chunks in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Data.db</span></code> file.</dd>
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Statistics.db</span></code></dt>
+<dd>Stores metadata about the SSTable, including information about timestamps, tombstones, clustering keys, compaction,
+repair, compression, TTLs, and more.</dd>
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Digest.crc32</span></code></dt>
+<dd>A CRC-32 digest of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Data.db</span></code> file.</dd>
+<dt><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">TOC.txt</span></code></dt>
+<dd>A plain text list of the component files for the SSTable.</dd>
+</dl>
+<p>Within the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Data.db</span></code> file, rows are organized by partition. These partitions are sorted in token order (i.e. by a
+hash of the partition key when the default partitioner, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Murmur3Partition</span></code>, is used). Within a partition, rows are
+stored in the order of their clustering keys.</p>
+<p>SSTables can be optionally compressed using block-based compression.</p>
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+<h1>Reporting Bugs and Contributing<a class="headerlink" href="#reporting-bugs-and-contributing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>If you encounter a problem with Cassandra, the first places to ask for help are the <a class="reference internal" href="contactus.html#mailing-lists"><span class="std std-ref">user mailing list</span></a> and the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">#cassandra</span></code> <a class="reference internal" href="contactus.html#irc-channels"><span class="std std-ref">IRC channel</span></a>.</p>
+<p>If, after having asked for help, you suspect that you have found a bug in Cassandra, you should report it by opening a
+ticket through the <a class="reference external" href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CASSANDRA">Apache Cassandra JIRA</a>. Please provide as much
+details as you can on your problem, and don’t forget to indicate which version of Cassandra you are running and on which
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diff --git a/content/doc/3.11.3/configuration/cassandra_config_file.html b/content/doc/3.11.3/configuration/cassandra_config_file.html
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+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Cassandra Configuration File</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#cluster-name"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cluster_name</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#num-tokens"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">num_tokens</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#allocate-tokens-for-keyspace"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">allocate_tokens_for_keyspace</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#initial-token"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">initial_token</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#hinted-handoff-enabled"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hinted_handoff_enabled</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#hinted-handoff-disabled-datacenters"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hinted_handoff_disabled_datacenters</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#max-hint-window-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_hint_window_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#hinted-handoff-throttle-in-kb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hinted_handoff_throttle_in_kb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#max-hints-delivery-threads"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_hints_delivery_threads</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#hints-directory"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hints_directory</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#hints-flush-period-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hints_flush_period_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#max-hints-file-size-in-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_hints_file_size_in_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#hints-compression"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hints_compression</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#batchlog-replay-throttle-in-kb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">batchlog_replay_throttle_in_kb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#authenticator"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">authenticator</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#authorizer"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">authorizer</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#role-manager"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">role_manager</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#roles-validity-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">roles_validity_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#roles-update-interval-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">roles_update_interval_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#permissions-validity-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">permissions_validity_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#permissions-update-interval-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">permissions_update_interval_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#credentials-validity-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">credentials_validity_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#credentials-update-interval-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">credentials_update_interval_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#partitioner"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">partitioner</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#data-file-directories"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">data_file_directories</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#commitlog-directory"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_directory</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#cdc-enabled"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cdc_enabled</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#cdc-raw-directory"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cdc_raw_directory</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#disk-failure-policy"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">disk_failure_policy</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#commit-failure-policy"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commit_failure_policy</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#prepared-statements-cache-size-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prepared_statements_cache_size_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#thrift-prepared-statements-cache-size-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">thrift_prepared_statements_cache_size_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#key-cache-size-in-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">key_cache_size_in_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#key-cache-save-period"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">key_cache_save_period</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#key-cache-keys-to-save"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">key_cache_keys_to_save</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#row-cache-class-name"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row_cache_class_name</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#row-cache-size-in-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row_cache_size_in_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#row-cache-save-period"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row_cache_save_period</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#row-cache-keys-to-save"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row_cache_keys_to_save</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#counter-cache-size-in-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">counter_cache_size_in_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#counter-cache-save-period"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">counter_cache_save_period</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#counter-cache-keys-to-save"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">counter_cache_keys_to_save</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#saved-caches-directory"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">saved_caches_directory</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#commitlog-sync"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_sync</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#commitlog-sync-batch-window-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_sync_batch_window_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#id1"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_sync</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#commitlog-sync-period-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_sync_period_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#commitlog-segment-size-in-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_segment_size_in_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#commitlog-compression"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_compression</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#seed-provider"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">seed_provider</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#concurrent-reads"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">concurrent_reads</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#concurrent-writes"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">concurrent_writes</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#concurrent-counter-writes"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">concurrent_counter_writes</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#concurrent-materialized-view-writes"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">concurrent_materialized_view_writes</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#file-cache-size-in-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">file_cache_size_in_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#buffer-pool-use-heap-if-exhausted"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">buffer_pool_use_heap_if_exhausted</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#disk-optimization-strategy"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">disk_optimization_strategy</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#memtable-heap-space-in-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">memtable_heap_space_in_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#memtable-offheap-space-in-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">memtable_offheap_space_in_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#memtable-cleanup-threshold"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">memtable_cleanup_threshold</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#memtable-allocation-type"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">memtable_allocation_type</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#commitlog-total-space-in-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_total_space_in_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#memtable-flush-writers"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">memtable_flush_writers</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#cdc-total-space-in-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cdc_total_space_in_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#cdc-free-space-check-interval-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cdc_free_space_check_interval_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#index-summary-capacity-in-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">index_summary_capacity_in_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#index-summary-resize-interval-in-minutes"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">index_summary_resize_interval_in_minutes</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#trickle-fsync"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">trickle_fsync</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#trickle-fsync-interval-in-kb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">trickle_fsync_interval_in_kb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#storage-port"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">storage_port</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#ssl-storage-port"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ssl_storage_port</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#listen-address"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">listen_address</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#listen-interface"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">listen_interface</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#listen-interface-prefer-ipv6"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">listen_interface_prefer_ipv6</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#broadcast-address"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">broadcast_address</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#listen-on-broadcast-address"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">listen_on_broadcast_address</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#internode-authenticator"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">internode_authenticator</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#start-native-transport"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">start_native_transport</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#native-transport-port"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">native_transport_port</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#native-transport-port-ssl"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">native_transport_port_ssl</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#native-transport-max-threads"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">native_transport_max_threads</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#native-transport-max-frame-size-in-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">native_transport_max_frame_size_in_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#native-transport-max-concurrent-connections"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">native_transport_max_concurrent_connections</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#native-transport-max-concurrent-connections-per-ip"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">native_transport_max_concurrent_connections_per_ip</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#start-rpc"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">start_rpc</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#rpc-address"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_address</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#rpc-interface"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_interface</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#rpc-interface-prefer-ipv6"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_interface_prefer_ipv6</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#rpc-port"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_port</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#broadcast-rpc-address"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">broadcast_rpc_address</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#rpc-keepalive"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_keepalive</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#rpc-server-type"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_server_type</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#rpc-min-threads"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_min_threads</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#rpc-max-threads"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_max_threads</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#rpc-send-buff-size-in-bytes"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_send_buff_size_in_bytes</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#rpc-recv-buff-size-in-bytes"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_recv_buff_size_in_bytes</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#internode-send-buff-size-in-bytes"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">internode_send_buff_size_in_bytes</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#internode-recv-buff-size-in-bytes"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">internode_recv_buff_size_in_bytes</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#thrift-framed-transport-size-in-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">thrift_framed_transport_size_in_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#incremental-backups"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">incremental_backups</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#snapshot-before-compaction"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">snapshot_before_compaction</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#auto-snapshot"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">auto_snapshot</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#column-index-size-in-kb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">column_index_size_in_kb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#column-index-cache-size-in-kb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">column_index_cache_size_in_kb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#concurrent-compactors"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">concurrent_compactors</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#compaction-throughput-mb-per-sec"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">compaction_throughput_mb_per_sec</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#sstable-preemptive-open-interval-in-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sstable_preemptive_open_interval_in_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#stream-throughput-outbound-megabits-per-sec"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stream_throughput_outbound_megabits_per_sec</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#inter-dc-stream-throughput-outbound-megabits-per-sec"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">inter_dc_stream_throughput_outbound_megabits_per_sec</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#read-request-timeout-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">read_request_timeout_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#range-request-timeout-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">range_request_timeout_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#write-request-timeout-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">write_request_timeout_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#counter-write-request-timeout-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">counter_write_request_timeout_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#cas-contention-timeout-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cas_contention_timeout_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#truncate-request-timeout-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">truncate_request_timeout_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#request-timeout-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">request_timeout_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#slow-query-log-timeout-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">slow_query_log_timeout_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#cross-node-timeout"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cross_node_timeout</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#streaming-keep-alive-period-in-secs"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">streaming_keep_alive_period_in_secs</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#phi-convict-threshold"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">phi_convict_threshold</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#endpoint-snitch"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">endpoint_snitch</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#dynamic-snitch-update-interval-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dynamic_snitch_update_interval_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#dynamic-snitch-reset-interval-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dynamic_snitch_reset_interval_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#dynamic-snitch-badness-threshold"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dynamic_snitch_badness_threshold</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#request-scheduler"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">request_scheduler</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#request-scheduler-options"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">request_scheduler_options</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#request-scheduler-id"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">request_scheduler_id</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#server-encryption-options"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">server_encryption_options</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#client-encryption-options"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">client_encryption_options</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#internode-compression"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">internode_compression</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#inter-dc-tcp-nodelay"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">inter_dc_tcp_nodelay</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#tracetype-query-ttl"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tracetype_query_ttl</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#tracetype-repair-ttl"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tracetype_repair_ttl</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#gc-log-threshold-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gc_log_threshold_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#enable-user-defined-functions"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">enable_user_defined_functions</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#enable-scripted-user-defined-functions"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">enable_scripted_user_defined_functions</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#enable-materialized-views"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">enable_materialized_views</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#windows-timer-interval"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">windows_timer_interval</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#transparent-data-encryption-options"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">transparent_data_encryption_options</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#tombstone-warn-threshold"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tombstone_warn_threshold</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#tombstone-failure-threshold"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tombstone_failure_threshold</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#batch-size-warn-threshold-in-kb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">batch_size_warn_threshold_in_kb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#batch-size-fail-threshold-in-kb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">batch_size_fail_threshold_in_kb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#unlogged-batch-across-partitions-warn-threshold"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unlogged_batch_across_partitions_warn_threshold</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#compaction-large-partition-warning-threshold-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">compaction_large_partition_warning_threshold_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#gc-warn-threshold-in-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gc_warn_threshold_in_ms</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#max-value-size-in-mb"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_value_size_in_mb</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#back-pressure-enabled"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">back_pressure_enabled</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#back-pressure-strategy"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">back_pressure_strategy</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#otc-coalescing-strategy"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">otc_coalescing_strategy</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#otc-coalescing-window-us"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">otc_coalescing_window_us</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#otc-coalescing-enough-coalesced-messages"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">otc_coalescing_enough_coalesced_messages</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#otc-backlog-expiration-interval-ms"><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">otc_backlog_expiration_interval_ms</span></code></a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../operating/index.html">Operating Cassandra</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tools/index.html">Cassandra Tools</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../troubleshooting/index.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../development/index.html">Cassandra Development</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../faq/index.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../bugs.html">Reporting Bugs and Contributing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contactus.html">Contact us</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+ </div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class="col-md-8">
+ <div class="content doc-content">
+ <div class="content-container">
+
+ <div class="section" id="cassandra-configuration-file">
+<span id="cassandra-yaml"></span><h1>Cassandra Configuration File<a class="headerlink" href="#cassandra-configuration-file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<div class="section" id="cluster-name">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cluster_name</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cluster-name" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The name of the cluster. This is mainly used to prevent machines in
+one logical cluster from joining another.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> ‘Test Cluster’</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="num-tokens">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">num_tokens</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#num-tokens" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This defines the number of tokens randomly assigned to this node on the ring
+The more tokens, relative to other nodes, the larger the proportion of data
+that this node will store. You probably want all nodes to have the same number
+of tokens assuming they have equal hardware capability.</p>
+<p>If you leave this unspecified, Cassandra will use the default of 1 token for legacy compatibility,
+and will use the initial_token as described below.</p>
+<p>Specifying initial_token will override this setting on the node’s initial start,
+on subsequent starts, this setting will apply even if initial token is set.</p>
+<p>If you already have a cluster with 1 token per node, and wish to migrate to
+multiple tokens per node, see <a class="reference external" href="http://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/Operations">http://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/Operations</a></p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 256</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="allocate-tokens-for-keyspace">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">allocate_tokens_for_keyspace</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#allocate-tokens-for-keyspace" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Triggers automatic allocation of num_tokens tokens for this node. The allocation
+algorithm attempts to choose tokens in a way that optimizes replicated load over
+the nodes in the datacenter for the replication strategy used by the specified
+keyspace.</p>
+<p>The load assigned to each node will be close to proportional to its number of
+vnodes.</p>
+<p>Only supported with the Murmur3Partitioner.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> KEYSPACE</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="initial-token">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">initial_token</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#initial-token" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>initial_token allows you to specify tokens manually. While you can use it with
+vnodes (num_tokens > 1, above) – in which case you should provide a
+comma-separated list – it’s primarily used when adding nodes to legacy clusters
+that do not have vnodes enabled.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="hinted-handoff-enabled">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hinted_handoff_enabled</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#hinted-handoff-enabled" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>See <a class="reference external" href="http://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/HintedHandoff">http://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/HintedHandoff</a>
+May either be “true” or “false” to enable globally</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> true</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="hinted-handoff-disabled-datacenters">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hinted_handoff_disabled_datacenters</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#hinted-handoff-disabled-datacenters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>When hinted_handoff_enabled is true, a black list of data centers that will not
+perform hinted handoff</p>
+<p><em>Default Value (complex option)</em>:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># - DC1</span>
+<span class="c1"># - DC2</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="max-hint-window-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_hint_window_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#max-hint-window-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>this defines the maximum amount of time a dead host will have hints
+generated. After it has been dead this long, new hints for it will not be
+created until it has been seen alive and gone down again.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 10800000 # 3 hours</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="hinted-handoff-throttle-in-kb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hinted_handoff_throttle_in_kb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#hinted-handoff-throttle-in-kb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Maximum throttle in KBs per second, per delivery thread. This will be
+reduced proportionally to the number of nodes in the cluster. (If there
+are two nodes in the cluster, each delivery thread will use the maximum
+rate; if there are three, each will throttle to half of the maximum,
+since we expect two nodes to be delivering hints simultaneously.)</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 1024</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="max-hints-delivery-threads">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_hints_delivery_threads</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#max-hints-delivery-threads" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Number of threads with which to deliver hints;
+Consider increasing this number when you have multi-dc deployments, since
+cross-dc handoff tends to be slower</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 2</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="hints-directory">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hints_directory</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#hints-directory" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Directory where Cassandra should store hints.
+If not set, the default directory is $CASSANDRA_HOME/data/hints.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> /var/lib/cassandra/hints</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="hints-flush-period-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hints_flush_period_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#hints-flush-period-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>How often hints should be flushed from the internal buffers to disk.
+Will <em>not</em> trigger fsync.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 10000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="max-hints-file-size-in-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_hints_file_size_in_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#max-hints-file-size-in-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Maximum size for a single hints file, in megabytes.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 128</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="hints-compression">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hints_compression</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#hints-compression" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Compression to apply to the hint files. If omitted, hints files
+will be written uncompressed. LZ4, Snappy, and Deflate compressors
+are supported.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value (complex option)</em>:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># - class_name: LZ4Compressor</span>
+<span class="c1"># parameters:</span>
+<span class="c1"># -</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="batchlog-replay-throttle-in-kb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">batchlog_replay_throttle_in_kb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#batchlog-replay-throttle-in-kb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Maximum throttle in KBs per second, total. This will be
+reduced proportionally to the number of nodes in the cluster.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 1024</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="authenticator">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">authenticator</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#authenticator" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Authentication backend, implementing IAuthenticator; used to identify users
+Out of the box, Cassandra provides org.apache.cassandra.auth.{AllowAllAuthenticator,
+PasswordAuthenticator}.</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>AllowAllAuthenticator performs no checks - set it to disable authentication.</li>
+<li>PasswordAuthenticator relies on username/password pairs to authenticate
+users. It keeps usernames and hashed passwords in system_auth.roles table.
+Please increase system_auth keyspace replication factor if you use this authenticator.
+If using PasswordAuthenticator, CassandraRoleManager must also be used (see below)</li>
+</ul>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> AllowAllAuthenticator</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="authorizer">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">authorizer</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#authorizer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Authorization backend, implementing IAuthorizer; used to limit access/provide permissions
+Out of the box, Cassandra provides org.apache.cassandra.auth.{AllowAllAuthorizer,
+CassandraAuthorizer}.</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>AllowAllAuthorizer allows any action to any user - set it to disable authorization.</li>
+<li>CassandraAuthorizer stores permissions in system_auth.role_permissions table. Please
+increase system_auth keyspace replication factor if you use this authorizer.</li>
+</ul>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> AllowAllAuthorizer</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="role-manager">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">role_manager</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#role-manager" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Part of the Authentication & Authorization backend, implementing IRoleManager; used
+to maintain grants and memberships between roles.
+Out of the box, Cassandra provides org.apache.cassandra.auth.CassandraRoleManager,
+which stores role information in the system_auth keyspace. Most functions of the
+IRoleManager require an authenticated login, so unless the configured IAuthenticator
+actually implements authentication, most of this functionality will be unavailable.</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>CassandraRoleManager stores role data in the system_auth keyspace. Please
+increase system_auth keyspace replication factor if you use this role manager.</li>
+</ul>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> CassandraRoleManager</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="roles-validity-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">roles_validity_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#roles-validity-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Validity period for roles cache (fetching granted roles can be an expensive
+operation depending on the role manager, CassandraRoleManager is one example)
+Granted roles are cached for authenticated sessions in AuthenticatedUser and
+after the period specified here, become eligible for (async) reload.
+Defaults to 2000, set to 0 to disable caching entirely.
+Will be disabled automatically for AllowAllAuthenticator.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 2000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="roles-update-interval-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">roles_update_interval_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#roles-update-interval-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Refresh interval for roles cache (if enabled).
+After this interval, cache entries become eligible for refresh. Upon next
+access, an async reload is scheduled and the old value returned until it
+completes. If roles_validity_in_ms is non-zero, then this must be
+also.
+Defaults to the same value as roles_validity_in_ms.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 2000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="permissions-validity-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">permissions_validity_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#permissions-validity-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Validity period for permissions cache (fetching permissions can be an
+expensive operation depending on the authorizer, CassandraAuthorizer is
+one example). Defaults to 2000, set to 0 to disable.
+Will be disabled automatically for AllowAllAuthorizer.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 2000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="permissions-update-interval-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">permissions_update_interval_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#permissions-update-interval-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Refresh interval for permissions cache (if enabled).
+After this interval, cache entries become eligible for refresh. Upon next
+access, an async reload is scheduled and the old value returned until it
+completes. If permissions_validity_in_ms is non-zero, then this must be
+also.
+Defaults to the same value as permissions_validity_in_ms.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 2000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="credentials-validity-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">credentials_validity_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#credentials-validity-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Validity period for credentials cache. This cache is tightly coupled to
+the provided PasswordAuthenticator implementation of IAuthenticator. If
+another IAuthenticator implementation is configured, this cache will not
+be automatically used and so the following settings will have no effect.
+Please note, credentials are cached in their encrypted form, so while
+activating this cache may reduce the number of queries made to the
+underlying table, it may not bring a significant reduction in the
+latency of individual authentication attempts.
+Defaults to 2000, set to 0 to disable credentials caching.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 2000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="credentials-update-interval-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">credentials_update_interval_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#credentials-update-interval-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Refresh interval for credentials cache (if enabled).
+After this interval, cache entries become eligible for refresh. Upon next
+access, an async reload is scheduled and the old value returned until it
+completes. If credentials_validity_in_ms is non-zero, then this must be
+also.
+Defaults to the same value as credentials_validity_in_ms.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 2000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="partitioner">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">partitioner</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#partitioner" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The partitioner is responsible for distributing groups of rows (by
+partition key) across nodes in the cluster. You should leave this
+alone for new clusters. The partitioner can NOT be changed without
+reloading all data, so when upgrading you should set this to the
+same partitioner you were already using.</p>
+<p>Besides Murmur3Partitioner, partitioners included for backwards
+compatibility include RandomPartitioner, ByteOrderedPartitioner, and
+OrderPreservingPartitioner.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> org.apache.cassandra.dht.Murmur3Partitioner</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="data-file-directories">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">data_file_directories</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#data-file-directories" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Directories where Cassandra should store data on disk. Cassandra
+will spread data evenly across them, subject to the granularity of
+the configured compaction strategy.
+If not set, the default directory is $CASSANDRA_HOME/data/data.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value (complex option)</em>:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># - /var/lib/cassandra/data</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="commitlog-directory">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_directory</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#commitlog-directory" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em>
+commit log. when running on magnetic HDD, this should be a
+separate spindle than the data directories.
+If not set, the default directory is $CASSANDRA_HOME/data/commitlog.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> /var/lib/cassandra/commitlog</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="cdc-enabled">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cdc_enabled</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cdc-enabled" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Enable / disable CDC functionality on a per-node basis. This modifies the logic used
+for write path allocation rejection (standard: never reject. cdc: reject Mutation
+containing a CDC-enabled table if at space limit in cdc_raw_directory).</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> false</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="cdc-raw-directory">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cdc_raw_directory</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cdc-raw-directory" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>CommitLogSegments are moved to this directory on flush if cdc_enabled: true and the
+segment contains mutations for a CDC-enabled table. This should be placed on a
+separate spindle than the data directories. If not set, the default directory is
+$CASSANDRA_HOME/data/cdc_raw.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> /var/lib/cassandra/cdc_raw</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="disk-failure-policy">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">disk_failure_policy</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#disk-failure-policy" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Policy for data disk failures:</p>
+<dl class="docutils">
+<dt>die</dt>
+<dd>shut down gossip and client transports and kill the JVM for any fs errors or
+single-sstable errors, so the node can be replaced.</dd>
+<dt>stop_paranoid</dt>
+<dd>shut down gossip and client transports even for single-sstable errors,
+kill the JVM for errors during startup.</dd>
+<dt>stop</dt>
+<dd>shut down gossip and client transports, leaving the node effectively dead, but
+can still be inspected via JMX, kill the JVM for errors during startup.</dd>
+<dt>best_effort</dt>
+<dd>stop using the failed disk and respond to requests based on
+remaining available sstables. This means you WILL see obsolete
+data at CL.ONE!</dd>
+<dt>ignore</dt>
+<dd>ignore fatal errors and let requests fail, as in pre-1.2 Cassandra</dd>
+</dl>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> stop</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="commit-failure-policy">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commit_failure_policy</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#commit-failure-policy" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Policy for commit disk failures:</p>
+<dl class="docutils">
+<dt>die</dt>
+<dd>shut down gossip and Thrift and kill the JVM, so the node can be replaced.</dd>
+<dt>stop</dt>
+<dd>shut down gossip and Thrift, leaving the node effectively dead, but
+can still be inspected via JMX.</dd>
+<dt>stop_commit</dt>
+<dd>shutdown the commit log, letting writes collect but
+continuing to service reads, as in pre-2.0.5 Cassandra</dd>
+<dt>ignore</dt>
+<dd>ignore fatal errors and let the batches fail</dd>
+</dl>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> stop</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="prepared-statements-cache-size-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prepared_statements_cache_size_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#prepared-statements-cache-size-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Maximum size of the native protocol prepared statement cache</p>
+<p>Valid values are either “auto” (omitting the value) or a value greater 0.</p>
+<p>Note that specifying a too large value will result in long running GCs and possbily
+out-of-memory errors. Keep the value at a small fraction of the heap.</p>
+<p>If you constantly see “prepared statements discarded in the last minute because
+cache limit reached” messages, the first step is to investigate the root cause
+of these messages and check whether prepared statements are used correctly -
+i.e. use bind markers for variable parts.</p>
+<p>Do only change the default value, if you really have more prepared statements than
+fit in the cache. In most cases it is not neccessary to change this value.
+Constantly re-preparing statements is a performance penalty.</p>
+<p>Default value (“auto”) is 1/256th of the heap or 10MB, whichever is greater</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="thrift-prepared-statements-cache-size-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">thrift_prepared_statements_cache_size_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#thrift-prepared-statements-cache-size-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Maximum size of the Thrift prepared statement cache</p>
+<p>If you do not use Thrift at all, it is safe to leave this value at “auto”.</p>
+<p>See description of ‘prepared_statements_cache_size_mb’ above for more information.</p>
+<p>Default value (“auto”) is 1/256th of the heap or 10MB, whichever is greater</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="key-cache-size-in-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">key_cache_size_in_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#key-cache-size-in-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Maximum size of the key cache in memory.</p>
+<p>Each key cache hit saves 1 seek and each row cache hit saves 2 seeks at the
+minimum, sometimes more. The key cache is fairly tiny for the amount of
+time it saves, so it’s worthwhile to use it at large numbers.
+The row cache saves even more time, but must contain the entire row,
+so it is extremely space-intensive. It’s best to only use the
+row cache if you have hot rows or static rows.</p>
+<p>NOTE: if you reduce the size, you may not get you hottest keys loaded on startup.</p>
+<p>Default value is empty to make it “auto” (min(5% of Heap (in MB), 100MB)). Set to 0 to disable key cache.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="key-cache-save-period">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">key_cache_save_period</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#key-cache-save-period" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Duration in seconds after which Cassandra should
+save the key cache. Caches are saved to saved_caches_directory as
+specified in this configuration file.</p>
+<p>Saved caches greatly improve cold-start speeds, and is relatively cheap in
+terms of I/O for the key cache. Row cache saving is much more expensive and
+has limited use.</p>
+<p>Default is 14400 or 4 hours.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 14400</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="key-cache-keys-to-save">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">key_cache_keys_to_save</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#key-cache-keys-to-save" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Number of keys from the key cache to save
+Disabled by default, meaning all keys are going to be saved</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 100</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="row-cache-class-name">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row_cache_class_name</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#row-cache-class-name" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Row cache implementation class name. Available implementations:</p>
+<dl class="docutils">
+<dt>org.apache.cassandra.cache.OHCProvider</dt>
+<dd>Fully off-heap row cache implementation (default).</dd>
+<dt>org.apache.cassandra.cache.SerializingCacheProvider</dt>
+<dd>This is the row cache implementation availabile
+in previous releases of Cassandra.</dd>
+</dl>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> org.apache.cassandra.cache.OHCProvider</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="row-cache-size-in-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row_cache_size_in_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#row-cache-size-in-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Maximum size of the row cache in memory.
+Please note that OHC cache implementation requires some additional off-heap memory to manage
+the map structures and some in-flight memory during operations before/after cache entries can be
+accounted against the cache capacity. This overhead is usually small compared to the whole capacity.
+Do not specify more memory that the system can afford in the worst usual situation and leave some
+headroom for OS block level cache. Do never allow your system to swap.</p>
+<p>Default value is 0, to disable row caching.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 0</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="row-cache-save-period">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row_cache_save_period</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#row-cache-save-period" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Duration in seconds after which Cassandra should save the row cache.
+Caches are saved to saved_caches_directory as specified in this configuration file.</p>
+<p>Saved caches greatly improve cold-start speeds, and is relatively cheap in
+terms of I/O for the key cache. Row cache saving is much more expensive and
+has limited use.</p>
+<p>Default is 0 to disable saving the row cache.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 0</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="row-cache-keys-to-save">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row_cache_keys_to_save</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#row-cache-keys-to-save" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Number of keys from the row cache to save.
+Specify 0 (which is the default), meaning all keys are going to be saved</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 100</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="counter-cache-size-in-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">counter_cache_size_in_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#counter-cache-size-in-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Maximum size of the counter cache in memory.</p>
+<p>Counter cache helps to reduce counter locks’ contention for hot counter cells.
+In case of RF = 1 a counter cache hit will cause Cassandra to skip the read before
+write entirely. With RF > 1 a counter cache hit will still help to reduce the duration
+of the lock hold, helping with hot counter cell updates, but will not allow skipping
+the read entirely. Only the local (clock, count) tuple of a counter cell is kept
+in memory, not the whole counter, so it’s relatively cheap.</p>
+<p>NOTE: if you reduce the size, you may not get you hottest keys loaded on startup.</p>
+<p>Default value is empty to make it “auto” (min(2.5% of Heap (in MB), 50MB)). Set to 0 to disable counter cache.
+NOTE: if you perform counter deletes and rely on low gcgs, you should disable the counter cache.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="counter-cache-save-period">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">counter_cache_save_period</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#counter-cache-save-period" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Duration in seconds after which Cassandra should
+save the counter cache (keys only). Caches are saved to saved_caches_directory as
+specified in this configuration file.</p>
+<p>Default is 7200 or 2 hours.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 7200</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="counter-cache-keys-to-save">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">counter_cache_keys_to_save</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#counter-cache-keys-to-save" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Number of keys from the counter cache to save
+Disabled by default, meaning all keys are going to be saved</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 100</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="saved-caches-directory">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">saved_caches_directory</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#saved-caches-directory" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>saved caches
+If not set, the default directory is $CASSANDRA_HOME/data/saved_caches.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> /var/lib/cassandra/saved_caches</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="commitlog-sync">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_sync</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#commitlog-sync" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>commitlog_sync may be either “periodic” or “batch.”</p>
+<p>When in batch mode, Cassandra won’t ack writes until the commit log
+has been fsynced to disk. It will wait
+commitlog_sync_batch_window_in_ms milliseconds between fsyncs.
+This window should be kept short because the writer threads will
+be unable to do extra work while waiting. (You may need to increase
+concurrent_writes for the same reason.)</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> batch</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="commitlog-sync-batch-window-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_sync_batch_window_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#commitlog-sync-batch-window-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 2</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="id1">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_sync</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>the other option is “periodic” where writes may be acked immediately
+and the CommitLog is simply synced every commitlog_sync_period_in_ms
+milliseconds.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> periodic</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="commitlog-sync-period-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_sync_period_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#commitlog-sync-period-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 10000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="commitlog-segment-size-in-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_segment_size_in_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#commitlog-segment-size-in-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The size of the individual commitlog file segments. A commitlog
+segment may be archived, deleted, or recycled once all the data
+in it (potentially from each columnfamily in the system) has been
+flushed to sstables.</p>
+<p>The default size is 32, which is almost always fine, but if you are
+archiving commitlog segments (see commitlog_archiving.properties),
+then you probably want a finer granularity of archiving; 8 or 16 MB
+is reasonable.
+Max mutation size is also configurable via max_mutation_size_in_kb setting in
+cassandra.yaml. The default is half the size commitlog_segment_size_in_mb * 1024.
+This should be positive and less than 2048.</p>
+<p>NOTE: If max_mutation_size_in_kb is set explicitly then commitlog_segment_size_in_mb must
+be set to at least twice the size of max_mutation_size_in_kb / 1024</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 32</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="commitlog-compression">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_compression</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#commitlog-compression" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Compression to apply to the commit log. If omitted, the commit log
+will be written uncompressed. LZ4, Snappy, and Deflate compressors
+are supported.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value (complex option)</em>:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># - class_name: LZ4Compressor</span>
+<span class="c1"># parameters:</span>
+<span class="c1"># -</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="seed-provider">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">seed_provider</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#seed-provider" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>any class that implements the SeedProvider interface and has a
+constructor that takes a Map<String, String> of parameters will do.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value (complex option)</em>:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Addresses of hosts that are deemed contact points.</span>
+<span class="c1"># Cassandra nodes use this list of hosts to find each other and learn</span>
+<span class="c1"># the topology of the ring. You must change this if you are running</span>
+<span class="c1"># multiple nodes!</span>
+<span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">class_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">org</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">apache</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cassandra</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">locator</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SimpleSeedProvider</span>
+ <span class="n">parameters</span><span class="p">:</span>
+ <span class="c1"># seeds is actually a comma-delimited list of addresses.</span>
+ <span class="c1"># Ex: "<ip1>,<ip2>,<ip3>"</span>
+ <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">seeds</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"127.0.0.1"</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="concurrent-reads">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">concurrent_reads</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#concurrent-reads" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>For workloads with more data than can fit in memory, Cassandra’s
+bottleneck will be reads that need to fetch data from
+disk. “concurrent_reads” should be set to (16 * number_of_drives) in
+order to allow the operations to enqueue low enough in the stack
+that the OS and drives can reorder them. Same applies to
+“concurrent_counter_writes”, since counter writes read the current
+values before incrementing and writing them back.</p>
+<p>On the other hand, since writes are almost never IO bound, the ideal
+number of “concurrent_writes” is dependent on the number of cores in
+your system; (8 * number_of_cores) is a good rule of thumb.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 32</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="concurrent-writes">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">concurrent_writes</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#concurrent-writes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 32</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="concurrent-counter-writes">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">concurrent_counter_writes</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#concurrent-counter-writes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 32</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="concurrent-materialized-view-writes">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">concurrent_materialized_view_writes</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#concurrent-materialized-view-writes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>For materialized view writes, as there is a read involved, so this should
+be limited by the less of concurrent reads or concurrent writes.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 32</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="file-cache-size-in-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">file_cache_size_in_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#file-cache-size-in-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Maximum memory to use for sstable chunk cache and buffer pooling.
+32MB of this are reserved for pooling buffers, the rest is used as an
+cache that holds uncompressed sstable chunks.
+Defaults to the smaller of 1/4 of heap or 512MB. This pool is allocated off-heap,
+so is in addition to the memory allocated for heap. The cache also has on-heap
+overhead which is roughly 128 bytes per chunk (i.e. 0.2% of the reserved size
+if the default 64k chunk size is used).
+Memory is only allocated when needed.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 512</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="buffer-pool-use-heap-if-exhausted">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">buffer_pool_use_heap_if_exhausted</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#buffer-pool-use-heap-if-exhausted" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Flag indicating whether to allocate on or off heap when the sstable buffer
+pool is exhausted, that is when it has exceeded the maximum memory
+file_cache_size_in_mb, beyond which it will not cache buffers but allocate on request.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> true</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="disk-optimization-strategy">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">disk_optimization_strategy</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#disk-optimization-strategy" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>The strategy for optimizing disk read
+Possible values are:
+ssd (for solid state disks, the default)
+spinning (for spinning disks)</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> ssd</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="memtable-heap-space-in-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">memtable_heap_space_in_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#memtable-heap-space-in-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Total permitted memory to use for memtables. Cassandra will stop
+accepting writes when the limit is exceeded until a flush completes,
+and will trigger a flush based on memtable_cleanup_threshold
+If omitted, Cassandra will set both to 1/4 the size of the heap.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 2048</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="memtable-offheap-space-in-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">memtable_offheap_space_in_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#memtable-offheap-space-in-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 2048</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="memtable-cleanup-threshold">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">memtable_cleanup_threshold</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#memtable-cleanup-threshold" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>memtable_cleanup_threshold is deprecated. The default calculation
+is the only reasonable choice. See the comments on memtable_flush_writers
+for more information.</p>
+<p>Ratio of occupied non-flushing memtable size to total permitted size
+that will trigger a flush of the largest memtable. Larger mct will
+mean larger flushes and hence less compaction, but also less concurrent
+flush activity which can make it difficult to keep your disks fed
+under heavy write load.</p>
+<p>memtable_cleanup_threshold defaults to 1 / (memtable_flush_writers + 1)</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 0.11</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="memtable-allocation-type">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">memtable_allocation_type</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#memtable-allocation-type" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Specify the way Cassandra allocates and manages memtable memory.
+Options are:</p>
+<dl class="docutils">
+<dt>heap_buffers</dt>
+<dd>on heap nio buffers</dd>
+<dt>offheap_buffers</dt>
+<dd>off heap (direct) nio buffers</dd>
+<dt>offheap_objects</dt>
+<dd>off heap objects</dd>
+</dl>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> heap_buffers</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="commitlog-total-space-in-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">commitlog_total_space_in_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#commitlog-total-space-in-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Total space to use for commit logs on disk.</p>
+<p>If space gets above this value, Cassandra will flush every dirty CF
+in the oldest segment and remove it. So a small total commitlog space
+will tend to cause more flush activity on less-active columnfamilies.</p>
+<p>The default value is the smaller of 8192, and 1/4 of the total space
+of the commitlog volume.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 8192</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="memtable-flush-writers">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">memtable_flush_writers</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#memtable-flush-writers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>This sets the number of memtable flush writer threads per disk
+as well as the total number of memtables that can be flushed concurrently.
+These are generally a combination of compute and IO bound.</p>
+<p>Memtable flushing is more CPU efficient than memtable ingest and a single thread
+can keep up with the ingest rate of a whole server on a single fast disk
+until it temporarily becomes IO bound under contention typically with compaction.
+At that point you need multiple flush threads. At some point in the future
+it may become CPU bound all the time.</p>
+<p>You can tell if flushing is falling behind using the MemtablePool.BlockedOnAllocation
+metric which should be 0, but will be non-zero if threads are blocked waiting on flushing
+to free memory.</p>
+<p>memtable_flush_writers defaults to two for a single data directory.
+This means that two memtables can be flushed concurrently to the single data directory.
+If you have multiple data directories the default is one memtable flushing at a time
+but the flush will use a thread per data directory so you will get two or more writers.</p>
+<p>Two is generally enough to flush on a fast disk [array] mounted as a single data directory.
+Adding more flush writers will result in smaller more frequent flushes that introduce more
+compaction overhead.</p>
+<p>There is a direct tradeoff between number of memtables that can be flushed concurrently
+and flush size and frequency. More is not better you just need enough flush writers
+to never stall waiting for flushing to free memory.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 2</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="cdc-total-space-in-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cdc_total_space_in_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cdc-total-space-in-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Total space to use for change-data-capture logs on disk.</p>
+<p>If space gets above this value, Cassandra will throw WriteTimeoutException
+on Mutations including tables with CDC enabled. A CDCCompactor is responsible
+for parsing the raw CDC logs and deleting them when parsing is completed.</p>
+<p>The default value is the min of 4096 mb and 1/8th of the total space
+of the drive where cdc_raw_directory resides.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 4096</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="cdc-free-space-check-interval-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cdc_free_space_check_interval_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cdc-free-space-check-interval-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>When we hit our cdc_raw limit and the CDCCompactor is either running behind
+or experiencing backpressure, we check at the following interval to see if any
+new space for cdc-tracked tables has been made available. Default to 250ms</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 250</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="index-summary-capacity-in-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">index_summary_capacity_in_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#index-summary-capacity-in-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>A fixed memory pool size in MB for for SSTable index summaries. If left
+empty, this will default to 5% of the heap size. If the memory usage of
+all index summaries exceeds this limit, SSTables with low read rates will
+shrink their index summaries in order to meet this limit. However, this
+is a best-effort process. In extreme conditions Cassandra may need to use
+more than this amount of memory.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="index-summary-resize-interval-in-minutes">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">index_summary_resize_interval_in_minutes</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#index-summary-resize-interval-in-minutes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>How frequently index summaries should be resampled. This is done
+periodically to redistribute memory from the fixed-size pool to sstables
+proportional their recent read rates. Setting to -1 will disable this
+process, leaving existing index summaries at their current sampling level.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 60</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="trickle-fsync">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">trickle_fsync</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#trickle-fsync" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Whether to, when doing sequential writing, fsync() at intervals in
+order to force the operating system to flush the dirty
+buffers. Enable this to avoid sudden dirty buffer flushing from
+impacting read latencies. Almost always a good idea on SSDs; not
+necessarily on platters.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> false</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="trickle-fsync-interval-in-kb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">trickle_fsync_interval_in_kb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#trickle-fsync-interval-in-kb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 10240</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="storage-port">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">storage_port</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#storage-port" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>TCP port, for commands and data
+For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet. Firewall it if needed.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 7000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="ssl-storage-port">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ssl_storage_port</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#ssl-storage-port" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>SSL port, for encrypted communication. Unused unless enabled in
+encryption_options
+For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet. Firewall it if needed.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 7001</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="listen-address">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">listen_address</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#listen-address" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Address or interface to bind to and tell other Cassandra nodes to connect to.
+You _must_ change this if you want multiple nodes to be able to communicate!</p>
+<p>Set listen_address OR listen_interface, not both.</p>
+<p>Leaving it blank leaves it up to InetAddress.getLocalHost(). This
+will always do the Right Thing _if_ the node is properly configured
+(hostname, name resolution, etc), and the Right Thing is to use the
+address associated with the hostname (it might not be).</p>
+<p>Setting listen_address to 0.0.0.0 is always wrong.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> localhost</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="listen-interface">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">listen_interface</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#listen-interface" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Set listen_address OR listen_interface, not both. Interfaces must correspond
+to a single address, IP aliasing is not supported.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> eth0</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="listen-interface-prefer-ipv6">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">listen_interface_prefer_ipv6</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#listen-interface-prefer-ipv6" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>If you choose to specify the interface by name and the interface has an ipv4 and an ipv6 address
+you can specify which should be chosen using listen_interface_prefer_ipv6. If false the first ipv4
+address will be used. If true the first ipv6 address will be used. Defaults to false preferring
+ipv4. If there is only one address it will be selected regardless of ipv4/ipv6.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> false</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="broadcast-address">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">broadcast_address</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#broadcast-address" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Address to broadcast to other Cassandra nodes
+Leaving this blank will set it to the same value as listen_address</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 1.2.3.4</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="listen-on-broadcast-address">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">listen_on_broadcast_address</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#listen-on-broadcast-address" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>When using multiple physical network interfaces, set this
+to true to listen on broadcast_address in addition to
+the listen_address, allowing nodes to communicate in both
+interfaces.
+Ignore this property if the network configuration automatically
+routes between the public and private networks such as EC2.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> false</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="internode-authenticator">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">internode_authenticator</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#internode-authenticator" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Internode authentication backend, implementing IInternodeAuthenticator;
+used to allow/disallow connections from peer nodes.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> org.apache.cassandra.auth.AllowAllInternodeAuthenticator</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="start-native-transport">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">start_native_transport</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#start-native-transport" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Whether to start the native transport server.
+Please note that the address on which the native transport is bound is the
+same as the rpc_address. The port however is different and specified below.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> true</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="native-transport-port">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">native_transport_port</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#native-transport-port" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>port for the CQL native transport to listen for clients on
+For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet. Firewall it if needed.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 9042</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="native-transport-port-ssl">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">native_transport_port_ssl</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#native-transport-port-ssl" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em>
+Enabling native transport encryption in client_encryption_options allows you to either use
+encryption for the standard port or to use a dedicated, additional port along with the unencrypted
+standard native_transport_port.
+Enabling client encryption and keeping native_transport_port_ssl disabled will use encryption
+for native_transport_port. Setting native_transport_port_ssl to a different value
+from native_transport_port will use encryption for native_transport_port_ssl while
+keeping native_transport_port unencrypted.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 9142</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="native-transport-max-threads">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">native_transport_max_threads</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#native-transport-max-threads" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em>
+The maximum threads for handling requests when the native transport is used.
+This is similar to rpc_max_threads though the default differs slightly (and
+there is no native_transport_min_threads, idle threads will always be stopped
+after 30 seconds).</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 128</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="native-transport-max-frame-size-in-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">native_transport_max_frame_size_in_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#native-transport-max-frame-size-in-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>The maximum size of allowed frame. Frame (requests) larger than this will
+be rejected as invalid. The default is 256MB. If you’re changing this parameter,
+you may want to adjust max_value_size_in_mb accordingly. This should be positive and less than 2048.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 256</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="native-transport-max-concurrent-connections">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">native_transport_max_concurrent_connections</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#native-transport-max-concurrent-connections" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>The maximum number of concurrent client connections.
+The default is -1, which means unlimited.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> -1</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="native-transport-max-concurrent-connections-per-ip">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">native_transport_max_concurrent_connections_per_ip</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#native-transport-max-concurrent-connections-per-ip" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>The maximum number of concurrent client connections per source ip.
+The default is -1, which means unlimited.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> -1</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="start-rpc">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">start_rpc</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#start-rpc" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Whether to start the thrift rpc server.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> false</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="rpc-address">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_address</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#rpc-address" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The address or interface to bind the Thrift RPC service and native transport
+server to.</p>
+<p>Set rpc_address OR rpc_interface, not both.</p>
+<p>Leaving rpc_address blank has the same effect as on listen_address
+(i.e. it will be based on the configured hostname of the node).</p>
+<p>Note that unlike listen_address, you can specify 0.0.0.0, but you must also
+set broadcast_rpc_address to a value other than 0.0.0.0.</p>
+<p>For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet. Firewall it if needed.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> localhost</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="rpc-interface">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_interface</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#rpc-interface" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Set rpc_address OR rpc_interface, not both. Interfaces must correspond
+to a single address, IP aliasing is not supported.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> eth1</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="rpc-interface-prefer-ipv6">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_interface_prefer_ipv6</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#rpc-interface-prefer-ipv6" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>If you choose to specify the interface by name and the interface has an ipv4 and an ipv6 address
+you can specify which should be chosen using rpc_interface_prefer_ipv6. If false the first ipv4
+address will be used. If true the first ipv6 address will be used. Defaults to false preferring
+ipv4. If there is only one address it will be selected regardless of ipv4/ipv6.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> false</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="rpc-port">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_port</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#rpc-port" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>port for Thrift to listen for clients on</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 9160</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="broadcast-rpc-address">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">broadcast_rpc_address</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#broadcast-rpc-address" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>RPC address to broadcast to drivers and other Cassandra nodes. This cannot
+be set to 0.0.0.0. If left blank, this will be set to the value of
+rpc_address. If rpc_address is set to 0.0.0.0, broadcast_rpc_address must
+be set.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 1.2.3.4</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="rpc-keepalive">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_keepalive</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#rpc-keepalive" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>enable or disable keepalive on rpc/native connections</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> true</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="rpc-server-type">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_server_type</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#rpc-server-type" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Cassandra provides two out-of-the-box options for the RPC Server:</p>
+<dl class="docutils">
+<dt>sync</dt>
+<dd>One thread per thrift connection. For a very large number of clients, memory
+will be your limiting factor. On a 64 bit JVM, 180KB is the minimum stack size
+per thread, and that will correspond to your use of virtual memory (but physical memory
+may be limited depending on use of stack space).</dd>
+<dt>hsha</dt>
+<dd>Stands for “half synchronous, half asynchronous.” All thrift clients are handled
+asynchronously using a small number of threads that does not vary with the amount
+of thrift clients (and thus scales well to many clients). The rpc requests are still
+synchronous (one thread per active request). If hsha is selected then it is essential
+that rpc_max_threads is changed from the default value of unlimited.</dd>
+</dl>
+<p>The default is sync because on Windows hsha is about 30% slower. On Linux,
+sync/hsha performance is about the same, with hsha of course using less memory.</p>
+<p>Alternatively, can provide your own RPC server by providing the fully-qualified class name
+of an o.a.c.t.TServerFactory that can create an instance of it.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> sync</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="rpc-min-threads">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_min_threads</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#rpc-min-threads" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Uncomment rpc_min|max_thread to set request pool size limits.</p>
+<p>Regardless of your choice of RPC server (see above), the number of maximum requests in the
+RPC thread pool dictates how many concurrent requests are possible (but if you are using the sync
+RPC server, it also dictates the number of clients that can be connected at all).</p>
+<p>The default is unlimited and thus provides no protection against clients overwhelming the server. You are
+encouraged to set a maximum that makes sense for you in production, but do keep in mind that
+rpc_max_threads represents the maximum number of client requests this server may execute concurrently.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 16</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="rpc-max-threads">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_max_threads</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#rpc-max-threads" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 2048</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="rpc-send-buff-size-in-bytes">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_send_buff_size_in_bytes</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#rpc-send-buff-size-in-bytes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>uncomment to set socket buffer sizes on rpc connections</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="rpc-recv-buff-size-in-bytes">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rpc_recv_buff_size_in_bytes</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#rpc-recv-buff-size-in-bytes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="internode-send-buff-size-in-bytes">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">internode_send_buff_size_in_bytes</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#internode-send-buff-size-in-bytes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Uncomment to set socket buffer size for internode communication
+Note that when setting this, the buffer size is limited by net.core.wmem_max
+and when not setting it it is defined by net.ipv4.tcp_wmem
+See also:
+/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max
+/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
+/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_wmem
+/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_wmem
+and ‘man tcp’</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="internode-recv-buff-size-in-bytes">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">internode_recv_buff_size_in_bytes</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#internode-recv-buff-size-in-bytes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Uncomment to set socket buffer size for internode communication
+Note that when setting this, the buffer size is limited by net.core.wmem_max
+and when not setting it it is defined by net.ipv4.tcp_wmem</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="thrift-framed-transport-size-in-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">thrift_framed_transport_size_in_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#thrift-framed-transport-size-in-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Frame size for thrift (maximum message length).</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 15</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="incremental-backups">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">incremental_backups</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#incremental-backups" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Set to true to have Cassandra create a hard link to each sstable
+flushed or streamed locally in a backups/ subdirectory of the
+keyspace data. Removing these links is the operator’s
+responsibility.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> false</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="snapshot-before-compaction">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">snapshot_before_compaction</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#snapshot-before-compaction" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Whether or not to take a snapshot before each compaction. Be
+careful using this option, since Cassandra won’t clean up the
+snapshots for you. Mostly useful if you’re paranoid when there
+is a data format change.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> false</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="auto-snapshot">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">auto_snapshot</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#auto-snapshot" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Whether or not a snapshot is taken of the data before keyspace truncation
+or dropping of column families. The STRONGLY advised default of true
+should be used to provide data safety. If you set this flag to false, you will
+lose data on truncation or drop.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> true</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="column-index-size-in-kb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">column_index_size_in_kb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#column-index-size-in-kb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Granularity of the collation index of rows within a partition.
+Increase if your rows are large, or if you have a very large
+number of rows per partition. The competing goals are these:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>a smaller granularity means more index entries are generated
+and looking up rows withing the partition by collation column
+is faster</li>
+<li>but, Cassandra will keep the collation index in memory for hot
+rows (as part of the key cache), so a larger granularity means
+you can cache more hot rows</li>
+</ul>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 64</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="column-index-cache-size-in-kb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">column_index_cache_size_in_kb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#column-index-cache-size-in-kb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Per sstable indexed key cache entries (the collation index in memory
+mentioned above) exceeding this size will not be held on heap.
+This means that only partition information is held on heap and the
+index entries are read from disk.</p>
+<p>Note that this size refers to the size of the
+serialized index information and not the size of the partition.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 2</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="concurrent-compactors">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">concurrent_compactors</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#concurrent-compactors" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Number of simultaneous compactions to allow, NOT including
+validation “compactions” for anti-entropy repair. Simultaneous
+compactions can help preserve read performance in a mixed read/write
+workload, by mitigating the tendency of small sstables to accumulate
+during a single long running compactions. The default is usually
+fine and if you experience problems with compaction running too
+slowly or too fast, you should look at
+compaction_throughput_mb_per_sec first.</p>
+<p>concurrent_compactors defaults to the smaller of (number of disks,
+number of cores), with a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 8.</p>
+<p>If your data directories are backed by SSD, you should increase this
+to the number of cores.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 1</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="compaction-throughput-mb-per-sec">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">compaction_throughput_mb_per_sec</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#compaction-throughput-mb-per-sec" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Throttles compaction to the given total throughput across the entire
+system. The faster you insert data, the faster you need to compact in
+order to keep the sstable count down, but in general, setting this to
+16 to 32 times the rate you are inserting data is more than sufficient.
+Setting this to 0 disables throttling. Note that this account for all types
+of compaction, including validation compaction.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 16</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="sstable-preemptive-open-interval-in-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sstable_preemptive_open_interval_in_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#sstable-preemptive-open-interval-in-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>When compacting, the replacement sstable(s) can be opened before they
+are completely written, and used in place of the prior sstables for
+any range that has been written. This helps to smoothly transfer reads
+between the sstables, reducing page cache churn and keeping hot rows hot</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 50</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="stream-throughput-outbound-megabits-per-sec">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stream_throughput_outbound_megabits_per_sec</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#stream-throughput-outbound-megabits-per-sec" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Throttles all outbound streaming file transfers on this node to the
+given total throughput in Mbps. This is necessary because Cassandra does
+mostly sequential IO when streaming data during bootstrap or repair, which
+can lead to saturating the network connection and degrading rpc performance.
+When unset, the default is 200 Mbps or 25 MB/s.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 200</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="inter-dc-stream-throughput-outbound-megabits-per-sec">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">inter_dc_stream_throughput_outbound_megabits_per_sec</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#inter-dc-stream-throughput-outbound-megabits-per-sec" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Throttles all streaming file transfer between the datacenters,
+this setting allows users to throttle inter dc stream throughput in addition
+to throttling all network stream traffic as configured with
+stream_throughput_outbound_megabits_per_sec
+When unset, the default is 200 Mbps or 25 MB/s</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 200</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="read-request-timeout-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">read_request_timeout_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#read-request-timeout-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>How long the coordinator should wait for read operations to complete</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 5000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="range-request-timeout-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">range_request_timeout_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#range-request-timeout-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>How long the coordinator should wait for seq or index scans to complete</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 10000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="write-request-timeout-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">write_request_timeout_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#write-request-timeout-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>How long the coordinator should wait for writes to complete</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 2000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="counter-write-request-timeout-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">counter_write_request_timeout_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#counter-write-request-timeout-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>How long the coordinator should wait for counter writes to complete</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 5000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="cas-contention-timeout-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cas_contention_timeout_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cas-contention-timeout-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>How long a coordinator should continue to retry a CAS operation
+that contends with other proposals for the same row</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 1000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="truncate-request-timeout-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">truncate_request_timeout_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#truncate-request-timeout-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>How long the coordinator should wait for truncates to complete
+(This can be much longer, because unless auto_snapshot is disabled
+we need to flush first so we can snapshot before removing the data.)</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 60000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="request-timeout-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">request_timeout_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#request-timeout-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The default timeout for other, miscellaneous operations</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 10000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="slow-query-log-timeout-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">slow_query_log_timeout_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#slow-query-log-timeout-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>How long before a node logs slow queries. Select queries that take longer than
+this timeout to execute, will generate an aggregated log message, so that slow queries
+can be identified. Set this value to zero to disable slow query logging.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 500</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="cross-node-timeout">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cross_node_timeout</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#cross-node-timeout" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Enable operation timeout information exchange between nodes to accurately
+measure request timeouts. If disabled, replicas will assume that requests
+were forwarded to them instantly by the coordinator, which means that
+under overload conditions we will waste that much extra time processing
+already-timed-out requests.</p>
+<p>Warning: before enabling this property make sure to ntp is installed
+and the times are synchronized between the nodes.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> false</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="streaming-keep-alive-period-in-secs">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">streaming_keep_alive_period_in_secs</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#streaming-keep-alive-period-in-secs" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Set keep-alive period for streaming
+This node will send a keep-alive message periodically with this period.
+If the node does not receive a keep-alive message from the peer for
+2 keep-alive cycles the stream session times out and fail
+Default value is 300s (5 minutes), which means stalled stream
+times out in 10 minutes by default</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 300</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="phi-convict-threshold">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">phi_convict_threshold</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#phi-convict-threshold" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>phi value that must be reached for a host to be marked down.
+most users should never need to adjust this.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 8</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="endpoint-snitch">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">endpoint_snitch</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#endpoint-snitch" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>endpoint_snitch – Set this to a class that implements
+IEndpointSnitch. The snitch has two functions:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>it teaches Cassandra enough about your network topology to route
+requests efficiently</li>
+<li>it allows Cassandra to spread replicas around your cluster to avoid
+correlated failures. It does this by grouping machines into
+“datacenters” and “racks.” Cassandra will do its best not to have
+more than one replica on the same “rack” (which may not actually
+be a physical location)</li>
+</ul>
+<p>CASSANDRA WILL NOT ALLOW YOU TO SWITCH TO AN INCOMPATIBLE SNITCH
+ONCE DATA IS INSERTED INTO THE CLUSTER. This would cause data loss.
+This means that if you start with the default SimpleSnitch, which
+locates every node on “rack1” in “datacenter1”, your only options
+if you need to add another datacenter are GossipingPropertyFileSnitch
+(and the older PFS). From there, if you want to migrate to an
+incompatible snitch like Ec2Snitch you can do it by adding new nodes
+under Ec2Snitch (which will locate them in a new “datacenter”) and
+decommissioning the old ones.</p>
+<p>Out of the box, Cassandra provides:</p>
+<dl class="docutils">
+<dt>SimpleSnitch:</dt>
+<dd>Treats Strategy order as proximity. This can improve cache
+locality when disabling read repair. Only appropriate for
+single-datacenter deployments.</dd>
+<dt>GossipingPropertyFileSnitch</dt>
+<dd>This should be your go-to snitch for production use. The rack
+and datacenter for the local node are defined in
+cassandra-rackdc.properties and propagated to other nodes via
+gossip. If cassandra-topology.properties exists, it is used as a
+fallback, allowing migration from the PropertyFileSnitch.</dd>
+<dt>PropertyFileSnitch:</dt>
+<dd>Proximity is determined by rack and data center, which are
+explicitly configured in cassandra-topology.properties.</dd>
+<dt>Ec2Snitch:</dt>
+<dd>Appropriate for EC2 deployments in a single Region. Loads Region
+and Availability Zone information from the EC2 API. The Region is
+treated as the datacenter, and the Availability Zone as the rack.
+Only private IPs are used, so this will not work across multiple
+Regions.</dd>
+<dt>Ec2MultiRegionSnitch:</dt>
+<dd>Uses public IPs as broadcast_address to allow cross-region
+connectivity. (Thus, you should set seed addresses to the public
+IP as well.) You will need to open the storage_port or
+ssl_storage_port on the public IP firewall. (For intra-Region
+traffic, Cassandra will switch to the private IP after
+establishing a connection.)</dd>
+<dt>RackInferringSnitch:</dt>
+<dd>Proximity is determined by rack and data center, which are
+assumed to correspond to the 3rd and 2nd octet of each node’s IP
+address, respectively. Unless this happens to match your
+deployment conventions, this is best used as an example of
+writing a custom Snitch class and is provided in that spirit.</dd>
+</dl>
+<p>You can use a custom Snitch by setting this to the full class name
+of the snitch, which will be assumed to be on your classpath.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> SimpleSnitch</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="dynamic-snitch-update-interval-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dynamic_snitch_update_interval_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#dynamic-snitch-update-interval-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>controls how often to perform the more expensive part of host score
+calculation</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 100</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="dynamic-snitch-reset-interval-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dynamic_snitch_reset_interval_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#dynamic-snitch-reset-interval-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>controls how often to reset all host scores, allowing a bad host to
+possibly recover</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 600000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="dynamic-snitch-badness-threshold">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dynamic_snitch_badness_threshold</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#dynamic-snitch-badness-threshold" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>if set greater than zero and read_repair_chance is < 1.0, this will allow
+‘pinning’ of replicas to hosts in order to increase cache capacity.
+The badness threshold will control how much worse the pinned host has to be
+before the dynamic snitch will prefer other replicas over it. This is
+expressed as a double which represents a percentage. Thus, a value of
+0.2 means Cassandra would continue to prefer the static snitch values
+until the pinned host was 20% worse than the fastest.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 0.1</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="request-scheduler">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">request_scheduler</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#request-scheduler" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>request_scheduler – Set this to a class that implements
+RequestScheduler, which will schedule incoming client requests
+according to the specific policy. This is useful for multi-tenancy
+with a single Cassandra cluster.
+NOTE: This is specifically for requests from the client and does
+not affect inter node communication.
+org.apache.cassandra.scheduler.NoScheduler - No scheduling takes place
+org.apache.cassandra.scheduler.RoundRobinScheduler - Round robin of
+client requests to a node with a separate queue for each
+request_scheduler_id. The scheduler is further customized by
+request_scheduler_options as described below.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> org.apache.cassandra.scheduler.NoScheduler</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="request-scheduler-options">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">request_scheduler_options</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#request-scheduler-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Scheduler Options vary based on the type of scheduler</p>
+<dl class="docutils">
+<dt>NoScheduler</dt>
+<dd>Has no options</dd>
+<dt>RoundRobin</dt>
+<dd><dl class="first last docutils">
+<dt>throttle_limit</dt>
+<dd>The throttle_limit is the number of in-flight
+requests per client. Requests beyond
+that limit are queued up until
+running requests can complete.
+The value of 80 here is twice the number of
+concurrent_reads + concurrent_writes.</dd>
+<dt>default_weight</dt>
+<dd>default_weight is optional and allows for
+overriding the default which is 1.</dd>
+<dt>weights</dt>
+<dd>Weights are optional and will default to 1 or the
+overridden default_weight. The weight translates into how
+many requests are handled during each turn of the
+RoundRobin, based on the scheduler id.</dd>
+</dl>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<p><em>Default Value (complex option)</em>:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># throttle_limit: 80</span>
+<span class="c1"># default_weight: 5</span>
+<span class="c1"># weights:</span>
+<span class="c1"># Keyspace1: 1</span>
+<span class="c1"># Keyspace2: 5</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="request-scheduler-id">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">request_scheduler_id</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#request-scheduler-id" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em>
+request_scheduler_id – An identifier based on which to perform
+the request scheduling. Currently the only valid option is keyspace.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> keyspace</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="server-encryption-options">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">server_encryption_options</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#server-encryption-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Enable or disable inter-node encryption
+JVM defaults for supported SSL socket protocols and cipher suites can
+be replaced using custom encryption options. This is not recommended
+unless you have policies in place that dictate certain settings, or
+need to disable vulnerable ciphers or protocols in case the JVM cannot
+be updated.
+FIPS compliant settings can be configured at JVM level and should not
+involve changing encryption settings here:
+<a class="reference external" href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/jsse/FIPS.html">https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/jsse/FIPS.html</a>
+<em>NOTE</em> No custom encryption options are enabled at the moment
+The available internode options are : all, none, dc, rack</p>
+<p>If set to dc cassandra will encrypt the traffic between the DCs
+If set to rack cassandra will encrypt the traffic between the racks</p>
+<p>The passwords used in these options must match the passwords used when generating
+the keystore and truststore. For instructions on generating these files, see:
+<a class="reference external" href="http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/security/jsse/JSSERefGuide.html#CreateKeystore">http://download.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/security/jsse/JSSERefGuide.html#CreateKeystore</a></p>
+<p><em>Default Value (complex option)</em>:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">internode_encryption</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">none</span>
+<span class="n">keystore</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">conf</span><span class="o">/.</span><span class="n">keystore</span>
+<span class="n">keystore_password</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">cassandra</span>
+<span class="n">truststore</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">conf</span><span class="o">/.</span><span class="n">truststore</span>
+<span class="n">truststore_password</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">cassandra</span>
+<span class="c1"># More advanced defaults below:</span>
+<span class="c1"># protocol: TLS</span>
+<span class="c1"># algorithm: SunX509</span>
+<span class="c1"># store_type: JKS</span>
+<span class="c1"># cipher_suites: [TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA]</span>
+<span class="c1"># require_client_auth: false</span>
+<span class="c1"># require_endpoint_verification: false</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="client-encryption-options">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">client_encryption_options</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#client-encryption-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>enable or disable client/server encryption.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value (complex option)</em>:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">enabled</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">false</span>
+<span class="c1"># If enabled and optional is set to true encrypted and unencrypted connections are handled.</span>
+<span class="n">optional</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">false</span>
+<span class="n">keystore</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">conf</span><span class="o">/.</span><span class="n">keystore</span>
+<span class="n">keystore_password</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">cassandra</span>
+<span class="c1"># require_client_auth: false</span>
+<span class="c1"># Set trustore and truststore_password if require_client_auth is true</span>
+<span class="c1"># truststore: conf/.truststore</span>
+<span class="c1"># truststore_password: cassandra</span>
+<span class="c1"># More advanced defaults below:</span>
+<span class="c1"># protocol: TLS</span>
+<span class="c1"># algorithm: SunX509</span>
+<span class="c1"># store_type: JKS</span>
+<span class="c1"># cipher_suites: [TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA]</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="internode-compression">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">internode_compression</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#internode-compression" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>internode_compression controls whether traffic between nodes is
+compressed.
+Can be:</p>
+<dl class="docutils">
+<dt>all</dt>
+<dd>all traffic is compressed</dd>
+<dt>dc</dt>
+<dd>traffic between different datacenters is compressed</dd>
+<dt>none</dt>
+<dd>nothing is compressed.</dd>
+</dl>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> dc</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="inter-dc-tcp-nodelay">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">inter_dc_tcp_nodelay</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#inter-dc-tcp-nodelay" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Enable or disable tcp_nodelay for inter-dc communication.
+Disabling it will result in larger (but fewer) network packets being sent,
+reducing overhead from the TCP protocol itself, at the cost of increasing
+latency if you block for cross-datacenter responses.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> false</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="tracetype-query-ttl">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tracetype_query_ttl</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#tracetype-query-ttl" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>TTL for different trace types used during logging of the repair process.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 86400</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="tracetype-repair-ttl">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tracetype_repair_ttl</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#tracetype-repair-ttl" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 604800</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="gc-log-threshold-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gc_log_threshold_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#gc-log-threshold-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>By default, Cassandra logs GC Pauses greater than 200 ms at INFO level
+This threshold can be adjusted to minimize logging if necessary</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 200</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="enable-user-defined-functions">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">enable_user_defined_functions</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#enable-user-defined-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>If unset, all GC Pauses greater than gc_log_threshold_in_ms will log at
+INFO level
+UDFs (user defined functions) are disabled by default.
+As of Cassandra 3.0 there is a sandbox in place that should prevent execution of evil code.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> false</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="enable-scripted-user-defined-functions">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">enable_scripted_user_defined_functions</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#enable-scripted-user-defined-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Enables scripted UDFs (JavaScript UDFs).
+Java UDFs are always enabled, if enable_user_defined_functions is true.
+Enable this option to be able to use UDFs with “language javascript” or any custom JSR-223 provider.
+This option has no effect, if enable_user_defined_functions is false.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> false</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="enable-materialized-views">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">enable_materialized_views</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#enable-materialized-views" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Enables materialized view creation on this node.
+Materialized views are considered experimental and are not recommended for production use.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> true</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="windows-timer-interval">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">windows_timer_interval</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#windows-timer-interval" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The default Windows kernel timer and scheduling resolution is 15.6ms for power conservation.
+Lowering this value on Windows can provide much tighter latency and better throughput, however
+some virtualized environments may see a negative performance impact from changing this setting
+below their system default. The sysinternals ‘clockres’ tool can confirm your system’s default
+setting.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 1</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="transparent-data-encryption-options">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">transparent_data_encryption_options</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#transparent-data-encryption-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Enables encrypting data at-rest (on disk). Different key providers can be plugged in, but the default reads from
+a JCE-style keystore. A single keystore can hold multiple keys, but the one referenced by
+the “key_alias” is the only key that will be used for encrypt opertaions; previously used keys
+can still (and should!) be in the keystore and will be used on decrypt operations
+(to handle the case of key rotation).</p>
+<p>It is strongly recommended to download and install Java Cryptography Extension (JCE)
+Unlimited Strength Jurisdiction Policy Files for your version of the JDK.
+(current link: <a class="reference external" href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce8-download-2133166.html">http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce8-download-2133166.html</a>)</p>
+<p>Currently, only the following file types are supported for transparent data encryption, although
+more are coming in future cassandra releases: commitlog, hints</p>
+<p><em>Default Value (complex option)</em>:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">enabled</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">false</span>
+<span class="n">chunk_length_kb</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">64</span>
+<span class="n">cipher</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">AES</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">CBC</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">PKCS5Padding</span>
+<span class="n">key_alias</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">testing</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">1</span>
+<span class="c1"># CBC IV length for AES needs to be 16 bytes (which is also the default size)</span>
+<span class="c1"># iv_length: 16</span>
+<span class="n">key_provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
+ <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">class_name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">org</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">apache</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cassandra</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">security</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">JKSKeyProvider</span>
+ <span class="n">parameters</span><span class="p">:</span>
+ <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">keystore</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">conf</span><span class="o">/.</span><span class="n">keystore</span>
+ <span class="n">keystore_password</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">cassandra</span>
+ <span class="n">store_type</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">JCEKS</span>
+ <span class="n">key_password</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">cassandra</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="tombstone-warn-threshold">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tombstone_warn_threshold</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#tombstone-warn-threshold" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<div class="section" id="safety-thresholds">
+<h3>SAFETY THRESHOLDS #<a class="headerlink" href="#safety-thresholds" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<p>When executing a scan, within or across a partition, we need to keep the
+tombstones seen in memory so we can return them to the coordinator, which
+will use them to make sure other replicas also know about the deleted rows.
+With workloads that generate a lot of tombstones, this can cause performance
+problems and even exaust the server heap.
+(<a class="reference external" href="http://www.datastax.com/dev/blog/cassandra-anti-patterns-queues-and-queue-like-datasets">http://www.datastax.com/dev/blog/cassandra-anti-patterns-queues-and-queue-like-datasets</a>)
+Adjust the thresholds here if you understand the dangers and want to
+scan more tombstones anyway. These thresholds may also be adjusted at runtime
+using the StorageService mbean.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 1000</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="tombstone-failure-threshold">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tombstone_failure_threshold</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#tombstone-failure-threshold" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 100000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="batch-size-warn-threshold-in-kb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">batch_size_warn_threshold_in_kb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#batch-size-warn-threshold-in-kb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Log WARN on any multiple-partition batch size exceeding this value. 5kb per batch by default.
+Caution should be taken on increasing the size of this threshold as it can lead to node instability.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 5</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="batch-size-fail-threshold-in-kb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">batch_size_fail_threshold_in_kb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#batch-size-fail-threshold-in-kb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Fail any multiple-partition batch exceeding this value. 50kb (10x warn threshold) by default.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 50</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="unlogged-batch-across-partitions-warn-threshold">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unlogged_batch_across_partitions_warn_threshold</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#unlogged-batch-across-partitions-warn-threshold" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Log WARN on any batches not of type LOGGED than span across more partitions than this limit</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 10</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="compaction-large-partition-warning-threshold-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">compaction_large_partition_warning_threshold_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#compaction-large-partition-warning-threshold-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Log a warning when compacting partitions larger than this value</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 100</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="gc-warn-threshold-in-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gc_warn_threshold_in_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#gc-warn-threshold-in-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>GC Pauses greater than gc_warn_threshold_in_ms will be logged at WARN level
+Adjust the threshold based on your application throughput requirement
+By default, Cassandra logs GC Pauses greater than 200 ms at INFO level</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 1000</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="max-value-size-in-mb">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">max_value_size_in_mb</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#max-value-size-in-mb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Maximum size of any value in SSTables. Safety measure to detect SSTable corruption
+early. Any value size larger than this threshold will result into marking an SSTable
+as corrupted. This should be positive and less than 2048.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 256</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="back-pressure-enabled">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">back_pressure_enabled</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#back-pressure-enabled" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Back-pressure settings #
+If enabled, the coordinator will apply the back-pressure strategy specified below to each mutation
+sent to replicas, with the aim of reducing pressure on overloaded replicas.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> false</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="back-pressure-strategy">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">back_pressure_strategy</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#back-pressure-strategy" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The back-pressure strategy applied.
+The default implementation, RateBasedBackPressure, takes three arguments:
+high ratio, factor, and flow type, and uses the ratio between incoming mutation responses and outgoing mutation requests.
+If below high ratio, outgoing mutations are rate limited according to the incoming rate decreased by the given factor;
+if above high ratio, the rate limiting is increased by the given factor;
+such factor is usually best configured between 1 and 10, use larger values for a faster recovery
+at the expense of potentially more dropped mutations;
+the rate limiting is applied according to the flow type: if FAST, it’s rate limited at the speed of the fastest replica,
+if SLOW at the speed of the slowest one.
+New strategies can be added. Implementors need to implement org.apache.cassandra.net.BackpressureStrategy and
+provide a public constructor accepting a Map<String, Object>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="otc-coalescing-strategy">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">otc_coalescing_strategy</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#otc-coalescing-strategy" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Coalescing Strategies #
+Coalescing multiples messages turns out to significantly boost message processing throughput (think doubling or more).
+On bare metal, the floor for packet processing throughput is high enough that many applications won’t notice, but in
+virtualized environments, the point at which an application can be bound by network packet processing can be
+surprisingly low compared to the throughput of task processing that is possible inside a VM. It’s not that bare metal
+doesn’t benefit from coalescing messages, it’s that the number of packets a bare metal network interface can process
+is sufficient for many applications such that no load starvation is experienced even without coalescing.
+There are other benefits to coalescing network messages that are harder to isolate with a simple metric like messages
+per second. By coalescing multiple tasks together, a network thread can process multiple messages for the cost of one
+trip to read from a socket, and all the task submission work can be done at the same time reducing context switching
+and increasing cache friendliness of network message processing.
+See CASSANDRA-8692 for details.</p>
+<p>Strategy to use for coalescing messages in OutboundTcpConnection.
+Can be fixed, movingaverage, timehorizon, disabled (default).
+You can also specify a subclass of CoalescingStrategies.CoalescingStrategy by name.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> DISABLED</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="otc-coalescing-window-us">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">otc_coalescing_window_us</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#otc-coalescing-window-us" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>How many microseconds to wait for coalescing. For fixed strategy this is the amount of time after the first
+message is received before it will be sent with any accompanying messages. For moving average this is the
+maximum amount of time that will be waited as well as the interval at which messages must arrive on average
+for coalescing to be enabled.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 200</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="otc-coalescing-enough-coalesced-messages">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">otc_coalescing_enough_coalesced_messages</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#otc-coalescing-enough-coalesced-messages" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>Do not try to coalesce messages if we already got that many messages. This should be more than 2 and less than 128.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 8</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="otc-backlog-expiration-interval-ms">
+<h2><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">otc_backlog_expiration_interval_ms</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#otc-backlog-expiration-interval-ms" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p><em>This option is commented out by default.</em></p>
+<p>How many milliseconds to wait between two expiration runs on the backlog (queue) of the OutboundTcpConnection.
+Expiration is done if messages are piling up in the backlog. Droppable messages are expired to free the memory
+taken by expired messages. The interval should be between 0 and 1000, and in most installations the default value
+will be appropriate. A smaller value could potentially expire messages slightly sooner at the expense of more CPU
+time and queue contention while iterating the backlog of messages.
+An interval of 0 disables any wait time, which is the behavior of former Cassandra versions.</p>
+<p><em>Default Value:</em> 200</p>
+</div>
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diff --git a/content/doc/3.11.3/configuration/index.html b/content/doc/3.11.3/configuration/index.html
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diff --git a/content/doc/3.11.3/contactus.html b/content/doc/3.11.3/contactus.html
new file mode 100644
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