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Posted to commits@isis.apache.org by da...@apache.org on 2018/01/08 22:29:18 UTC
[19/51] [abbrv] [partial] isis-site git commit: ISIS-1465: publishes
1.16.0
http://git-wip-us.apache.org/repos/asf/isis-site/blob/2b88051d/content/guides/ugbtb/ugbtb.html
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- <div class="page-title">
- <h1>Beyond the Basics</h1>
- </div>
- <div id="doc-content">
- <div class="btn-group" style="float: right; font-size: small; padding: 6px; ">
- <button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-default" onclick="window.location.href="https://github.com/apache/isis/edit/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/ugbtb.adoc""><i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o"></i> Edit</button>
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- <ul class="dropdown-menu">
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/edit/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/ugbtb.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> Edit</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/commits/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/ugbtb.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-clock-o fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> History</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/raw/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/ugbtb.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-text-o fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> Raw</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/blame/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/ugbtb.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-hand-o-right fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> Blame</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="sect1">
- <h2 id="__ugbtb">1. Beyond the Basics</h2>
- <div class="sectionbody">
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>This guide provides <a href="../ugbtb/ugbtb.html#_ugbtb_other-techniques">more advanced</a> guidance on writing maintainable larger applications.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Later chapters discuss how to <a href="../ugbtb/ugbtb.html#_ugbtb_deployment">deploy</a> your app, and discuss other ways in which you can <a href="../ugbtb/ugbtb.html">extend</a> or adapt the framework itself to your particular needs.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="sect2">
- <h3 id="_other_guides">1.1. Other Guides</h3>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Apache Isis documentation is broken out into a number of user, reference and "supporting procedures" guides.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The user guides available are:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="ulist">
- <ul>
- <li> <p><a href="../ugfun/ugfun.html">Fundamentals</a></p> </li>
- <li> <p><a href="../ugvw/ugvw.html">Wicket viewer</a></p> </li>
- <li> <p><a href="../ugvro/ugvro.html">Restful Objects viewer</a></p> </li>
- <li> <p><a href="../ugodn/ugodn.html">DataNucleus object store</a></p> </li>
- <li> <p><a href="../ugsec/ugsec.html">Security</a></p> </li>
- <li> <p><a href="../ugtst/ugtst.html">Testing</a></p> </li>
- <li> <p><a href="../ugbtb/ugbtb.html">Beyond the Basics</a> (this guide)</p> </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The reference guides are:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="ulist">
- <ul>
- <li> <p><a href="../rgant/rgant.html">Annotations</a></p> </li>
- <li> <p><a href="../rgsvc/rgsvc.html">Domain Services</a></p> </li>
- <li> <p><a href="../rgcfg/rgcfg.html">Configuration Properties</a></p> </li>
- <li> <p><a href="../rgcms/rgcms.html">Classes, Methods and Schema</a></p> </li>
- <li> <p><a href="../rgmvn/rgmvn.html">Apache Isis Maven plugin</a></p> </li>
- <li> <p><a href="../rgfis/rgfis.html">Framework Internal Services</a></p> </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The remaining guides are:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="ulist">
- <ul>
- <li> <p><a href="../dg/dg.html">Developers' Guide</a> (how to set up a development environment for Apache Isis and contribute back to the project)</p> </li>
- <li> <p><a href="../cgcom/cgcom.html">Committers' Guide</a> (release procedures and related practices)</p> </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect1">
- <h2 id="_ugbtb_i18n">2. i18n</h2>
- <div class="btn-group" style="float: right; font-size: small; padding: 6px; margin-top: -55px; ">
- <button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-default" onclick="window.location.href="https://github.com/apache/isis/edit/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_i18n.adoc""><i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o"></i> Edit</button>
- <button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="caret"></span><span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span></button>
- <ul class="dropdown-menu">
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/edit/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_i18n.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> Edit</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/commits/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_i18n.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-clock-o fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> History</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/raw/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_i18n.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-text-o fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> Raw</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/blame/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_i18n.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-hand-o-right fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> Blame</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="sectionbody">
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Apache Isis' support for internationlization (i18n) allows every element of the domain model (the class names, property names, action names, parameter names and so forth) to be translated.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>It also supports translations of messages raised imperatively, by which we mean as the result of a call to <code>title()</code> to obtain an object’s title, or messages resulting from any business rule violations (eg <a href="../rgcms/rgcms.html#_rgcms_methods_prefixes_disable"><code>disable…()</code></a> or <a href="../rgcms/rgcms.html#_rgcms_methods_prefixes_validate"><code>validate…()</code></a>, and so on.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The <a href="../ugvw/ugvw.html">Wicket viewer</a> (that is, its labels and messages) is also internationalized using the same mechanism. If no translations are available, then the Wicket viewer falls back to using Wicket resource bundles.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Isis does not translate the values of your domain objects, though. So, if you have a domain concept such as <code>Country</code> whose name is intended to be localized according to the current user, you will need to model this yourself.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="sect2">
- <h3 id="__ugbtb_i18n_implementation-approach">2.1. Implementation Approach</h3>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Most Java frameworks tackle i18n by using Java’s own <code>ResourceBundle</code> API. However, there are some serious drawbacks in this approach, including:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="ulist">
- <ul>
- <li> <p>if a string appears more than once (eg "name" or "description") then it must be translated everywhere it appears in every resource bundle file</p> </li>
- <li> <p>there is no support for plural forms (see this <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14326653/java-internationalization-i18n-with-proper-plurals/14327683#14327683">SO answer</a>)</p> </li>
- <li> <p>there is no tooling support for translators</p> </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Apache Isis therefore takes a different approach, drawing inspiration from GNU’s <a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/manual/index.html">gettext</a> API and specifically its <code>.pot</code> and <code>.po</code> files. These are intended to be used as follows:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="ulist">
- <ul>
- <li> <p>the <code>.pot</code> (portable object template) file holds the message text to be translated</p> </li>
- <li> <p>this file is translated into multiple <code>.po</code> (portable object) files, one per supported locale</p> </li>
- <li> <p>these <code>.po</code> files are renamed according to their locale, and placed into the 'appropriate' location to be picked up by the runtime. The name of each <code>.po</code> resolved in a very similar way to resource bundles.</p> </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The format of the <code>.pot</code> and <code>.po</code> files is identical; the only difference is that the <code>.po</code> file has translations for each of the message strings. These message strings can also have singular and plural forms.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="admonitionblock important">
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td class="icon"> <i class="fa icon-important" title="Important"></i> </td>
- <td class="content">
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Although Apache Isis' implementation is modelled after GNU’s API, it does <em>not</em> use any GNU software. This is for two reasons: (a) to simplify the toolchain/developer experience, and (b) because GNU software is usually GPL, which would be incompatible with the Apache license.</p>
- </div> </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>This design tackles all the issues of <code>ResourceBundle</code>s:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="ulist">
- <ul>
- <li> <p>the <code>.po</code> message format is such that any given message text to translate need only be translated once, even if it appears in multiple places in the application (eg "Name")</p> </li>
- <li> <p>the <code>.po</code> message format includes translations for (optional) plural form as well as singular form</p> </li>
- <li> <p>there are lots of freely available editors <a href="https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=.po+file+editor">to be found</a>, many summarized on this <a href="https://www.drupal.org/node/11131">Drupal.org</a> webpage.<br></p>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>In fact, there are also online communities/platforms of translators to assist with translating files. One such is <a href="https://crowdin.com/">crowdin</a> (nb: this link does not imply endorsement).</p>
- </div> </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>In Apache Isis' implementation, if the translation is missing from the <code>.po</code> file then the original message text from the <code>.pot</code> file will be returned. In fact, it isn’t even necessary for there to be any <code>.po</code> files; <code>.po</code> translations can be added piecemeal as the need arises.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect2">
- <h3 id="__ugbtb_i18n_translation-service">2.2. <code>TranslationService</code></h3>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The cornerstone of Apache Isis' support for i18n is the <code>TranslationService</code> service. This is defined in the applib with the following API:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">interface</span> <span class="class">TranslationService</span> {
- <span class="directive">public</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> translate( <i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>(1)</b>
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> context,
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> text);
- <span class="directive">public</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> translate( <i class="conum" data-value="2"></i><b>(2)</b>
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> context,
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> singularText,
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> pluralText,
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> num);
- <span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">enum</span> Mode {
- READ,
- WRITE;
- }
- Mode getMode(); <i class="conum" data-value="3"></i><b>(3)</b>
-}</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="colist arabic">
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>1</b></td>
- <td>is to translate the singular form of the text</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i><b>2</b></td>
- <td>is to translate the plural form of the text</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td><i class="conum" data-value="3"></i><b>3</b></td>
- <td>indicates whether the translation service is in read or write mode.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The <code>translate(…)</code> methods are closely modelled on GNU’s gettext API. The first version is used when no translation is required, the second is when both a singular and plural form will be required, with the <code>num</code> parameter being used to select which is returned. In both cases the <code>context</code> parameter provides some contextual information for the translator; this generally corresponds to the class member.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The mode meanwhile determines the behaviour of the service. More on this below.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="sect3">
- <h4 id="__code_translationservicepo_code">2.2.1. <code>TranslationServicePo</code></h4>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Isis provides a default implementation of <code>TranslationService</code>, namely <code>TranslationServicePo</code>.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>If the service is running in the normal read mode, then it simply provides translations for the locale of the current user. This means locates the appropriate <code>.po</code> file (based on the requesting user’s locale), finds the translation and returns it.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>If however the service is configured to run in write mode, then it instead records the fact that the message was requested to be translated (a little like a spy/mock in unit testing mock), and returns the original message. The service can then be queried to discover which messages need to be translated. All requested translations are written into the <code>.pot</code> file.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>To make the service as convenient as possible to use, the service configures itself as follows:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="ulist">
- <ul>
- <li> <p>if running in prototype mode <a href="../rgcfg/rgcfg.html#_rgcfg_deployment-types">deployment type</a> or during integration tests, then the service runs in <strong>write</strong> mode, in which case it records all translations into the <code>.pot</code> file. The <code>.pot</code> file is written out when the system is shutdown.</p> </li>
- <li> <p>if running in server (production) mode <a href="../rgcfg/rgcfg.html#_rgcfg_deployment-types">deployment type</a>, then the service runs in <strong>read</strong> mode. It is also possible to set a configuration setting in <code>isis.properties</code> to force read mode even if running in prototype mode (useful to manually test/demo the translations).</p> </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>When running in write mode the original text is returned to the caller untranslated. If in read mode, then the translated <code>.po</code> files are read and translations provided as required.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect2">
- <h3 id="__ugbtb_i18n_imperative-messages">2.3. Imperative messages</h3>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The <code>TranslationService</code> is used internally by Apache Isis when building up the metamodel; the name and description of every class, property, collection, action and action parameter is automatically translated. Thus the simple act of bootstrapping Apache Isis will cause most of the messages requiring translation (that is: those for the Apache Isis metamodel) to be captured by the <code>TranslationService</code>.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>However, for an application to be fully internationalized, any validation messages (from either <code>disableXxx()</code> or <code>validateXxx()</code> supporting methods) and also possibly an object’s title (from the <code>title()</code> method) will also require translation. Moreover, these messages must be captured in the <code>.pot</code> file such that they can be translated.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="sect3">
- <h4 id="__code_translatablestring_code">2.3.1. <code>TranslatableString</code></h4>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The first part of the puzzle is tackled by an extension to Apache Isis' programming model. Whereas previously the <code>disableXxx()</code> / <code>validateXxx()</code> / <code>title()</code> methods could only return a <code>java.lang.String</code>, they may now optionally return a <code>TranslatableString</code> (defined in Isis applib) instead.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Here’s a (silly) example from the <a href="../ugfun/ugfun.html#_ugfun_getting-started_simpleapp-archetype">SimpleApp archetype</a>:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">public</span> TranslatableString validateUpdateName(<span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> name) {
- <span class="keyword">return</span> name.contains(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">!</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>)? TranslatableString.tr(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Exclamation mark is not allowed</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>): <span class="predefined-constant">null</span>;
-}</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>This corresponds to the following entry in the <code>.pot</code> file:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="ini">#: dom.simple.SimpleObject#updateName()
-msgid "Exclamation mark is not allowed"
-msgstr ""</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The full API of <code>TranslatableString</code> is modelled on the design of GNU gettext (in particular the <a href="https://code.google.com/p/gettext-commons/wiki/Tutorial">gettext-commons</a> library):</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">public</span> <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="type">class</span> <span class="class">TranslatableString</span> {
- <span class="directive">public</span> <span class="directive">static</span> TranslatableString tr( <i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>(1)</b>
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> pattern,
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">Object</span>... paramArgs) { ... }
- <span class="directive">public</span> <span class="directive">static</span> TranslatableString trn( <i class="conum" data-value="2"></i><b>(2)</b>
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> singularPattern,
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> pluralPattern,
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="type">int</span> number,
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">Object</span>... paramArgs) { ... }
- <span class="directive">public</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> translate( <i class="conum" data-value="3"></i><b>(3)</b>
- <span class="directive">final</span> TranslationService translationService,
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> context) { ... }
-}</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="colist arabic">
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>1</b></td>
- <td>returns a translatable string with a single pattern for both singular and plural forms.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i><b>2</b></td>
- <td>returns a translatable string with different patterns for singular and plural forms; the one to use is determined by the 'number' argument</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td><i class="conum" data-value="3"></i><b>3</b></td>
- <td>translates the string using the provided <code>TranslationService</code>, using the appropriate singular/regular or plural form, and interpolating any arguments.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The interpolation uses the format <code>{xxx}</code>, where the placeholder can occur multiple times.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>For example:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">final</span> TranslatableString ts = TranslatableString.tr(
- <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">My name is {lastName}, {firstName} {lastName}.</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>,
- <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">lastName</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Bond</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">firstName</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">James</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>would interpolate (for the English locale) as "My name is Bond, James Bond".</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>For a German user, on the other hand, if the translation in the corresponding <code>.po</code> file was:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="ini">#: xxx.yyy.Whatever#context()
-msgid "My name is {lastName}, {firstName} {lastName}."
-msgstr "Ich heisse {firstName} {lastName}."</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>then the translation would be: "Ich heisse James Bond".</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The same class is used in <a href="../rgsvc/rgsvc.html#_rgsvc_core-domain-api_DomainObjectContainer"><code>DomainObjectContainer</code></a> so that you can raise translatable info, warning and error messages; each of the relevant methods are overloaded.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>For example:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">interface</span> <span class="class">DomainObjectContainer</span> {
- <span class="type">void</span> informUser(<span class="predefined-type">String</span> message);
- <span class="type">void</span> informUser(
- TranslatableMessage message,
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">Class</span><?> contextClass, <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> contextMethod); <i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>(1)</b>
- ...
-}</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="colist arabic">
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>1</b></td>
- <td>are concatenated together to form the context for the <code>.pot</code> file.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect3">
- <h4 id="__code_translatableexception_code">2.3.2. <code>TranslatableException</code></h4>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Another mechanism by which messages can be rendered to the user are as the result of exception messages thrown and recognized by an <a href="../rgsvc/rgsvc.html#_rgsvc_presentation-layer-spi_ExceptionRecognizer"><code>ExceptionRecognizer</code></a>.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>In this case, if the exception implements <code>TranslatableException</code>, then the message will automatically be translated before being rendered. The <code>TranslatableException</code> itself takes the form:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">interface</span> <span class="class">TranslatableException</span> {
- TranslatableString getTranslatableMessage(); <i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>(1)</b>
- <span class="predefined-type">String</span> getTranslationContext(); <i class="conum" data-value="2"></i><b>(2)</b>
-}</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="colist arabic">
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>1</b></td>
- <td>the message to translate. If returns <code>null</code>, then the <code>Exception#getMessage()</code> is used as a fallback</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i><b>2</b></td>
- <td>the context to use when translating the message</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect2">
- <h3 id="__ugbtb_i18n_wicket-viewer">2.4. Wicket Viewer</h3>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The <a href="../ugvw/ugvw.html">Wicket viewer</a> (its labels and messages) is also internationalized using the <code>TranslationService</code>. This is done through an Isis-specific implementation of the Wicket framework’s <code>org.apache.wicket.Localizer</code> class, namely <code>LocalizerForIsis</code>.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The Wicket <code>Localizer</code> defines the following API:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">public</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> getString(
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> key, <i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>(1)</b>
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">Component</span> component, <i class="conum" data-value="2"></i><b>(2)</b>
- <span class="directive">final</span> IModel<?> model,
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">Locale</span> locale,
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> style,
- <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">String</span> defaultValue)
- <span class="directive">throws</span> <span class="exception">MissingResourceException</span> { ... }</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="colist arabic">
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>1</b></td>
- <td>The key to obtain the resource for</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i><b>2</b></td>
- <td>The component to get the resource for (if any)</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>For example, <code>key</code> might be a value such as "okLabel", while <code>component</code> an internal class of the Wicket viewer, such as <code>EntityPropertiesForm</code>.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The <code>LocalizerForIsis</code> implementation uses the <code>key</code> as the <code>msgId</code>, while the fully qualified class name of the <code>component</code> is used as a context. There is one exception to this: if the component is the third-party select2 component (used for drop-downs), then that class name is used directly.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>In the main, using Isis' i18n support means simply adding the appropriate translations to the <code>translation.po</code> file, for each locale that you require. If the translations are missing then the original translations from the Wicket resource bundles will be used instead.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="sect3">
- <h4 id="_commonly_used">2.4.1. Commonly used</h4>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Most of the translation requirements can be covered by adding in the following <code>msgId</code>s:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="properties">#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.entity.EntityPage
-msgid "CollectionContentsAsAjaxTablePanelFactory.Table"
-msgstr "Table"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.entity.EntityPage
-msgid "CollectionContentsAsUnresolvedPanel.Hide"
-msgstr "Hide"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.entity.EntityPage
-msgid "aboutLabel"
-msgstr "About"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.entity.EntityPage
-msgid "cancelLabel"
-msgstr "Cancel"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.entity.EntityPage
-msgid "datatable.no-records-found"
-msgstr "No Records Found"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.entity.EntityPage
-msgid "editLabel"
-msgstr "Edit"
-
-#: org.wicketstuff.select2.Select2Choice
-msgid "inputTooShortPlural"
-msgstr "Please enter {number} more characters"
-
-#: org.wicketstuff.select2.Select2Choice
-msgid "inputTooShortSingular"
-msgstr "Please enter 1 more character"
-
-#: org.wicketstuff.select2.Select2Choice
-msgid "loadMore"
-msgstr "Load more"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.entity.EntityPage
-msgid "logoutLabel"
-msgstr "Logout"
-
-#: org.wicketstuff.select2.Select2Choice
-msgid "noMatches"
-msgstr "No matches"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.entity.EntityPage
-msgid "okLabel"
-msgstr "OK"
-
-#: org.wicketstuff.select2.Select2Choice
-msgid "searching"
-msgstr "Searching..."
-
-#: org.wicketstuff.select2.Select2Choice
-msgid "selectionTooBigPlural"
-msgstr "You can only select {limit} items"
-
-#: org.wicketstuff.select2.Select2Choice
-msgid "selectionTooBigSingular"
-msgstr "You can only select 1 item"</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect3">
- <h4 id="_login_self_sign_up">2.4.2. Login/self-sign-up</h4>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>In addition, there are a reasonably large number of messages that are used for both login and the <a href="../ugvw/ugvw.html#_ugvw_features_user-registration">user registration</a> (self sign-up) and password reset features.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>These are:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="properties">#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.login.WicketSignInPage
-msgid "AutoLabel.CSS.required"
-msgstr "Required"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.signup.RegistrationFormPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.register.RegisterPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "confirmPasswordLabel"
-msgstr "Confirm password"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.signup.RegistrationFormPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.register.RegisterPage
-msgid "emailIsNotAvailable"
-msgstr "The given email is already in use"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "emailPlaceholder"
-msgstr "Enter your email"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.signup.RegistrationFormPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.register.RegisterPage
-msgid "emailPlaceholder"
-msgstr "Enter an email for the new account"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.signup.RegistrationFormPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.register.RegisterPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "emailLabel"
-msgstr "Email"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.signup.RegistrationFormPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.register.RegisterPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "emailSentMessage"
-msgstr "An email has been sent to '${email}' for verification."
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.login.WicketSignInPage
-msgid "forgotPasswordLinkLabel"
-msgstr "Forgot your password?"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.login.WicketSignInPage
-msgid "loginHeader"
-msgstr "Login"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "noSuchUserByEmail"
-msgstr "There is no account with this email"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "noUserForAnEmailValidToken"
-msgstr "The account seems to be either already deleted or has changed its email address. Please try again."
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "passwordChangeSuccessful"
-msgstr "The password has been changed successfully. You can <a class=\"alert-success\" style=\"text-decoration:underline;\" href=\"${signInUrl}\">login</a> now."
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "passwordChangeUnsuccessful"
-msgstr "There was a problem while updating the password. Please try again."
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.signup.RegistrationFormPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.register.RegisterPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.login.WicketSignInPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "passwordLabel"
-msgstr "Password"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.signup.RegistrationFormPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.register.RegisterPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.login.WicketSignInPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "passwordPlaceholder"
-msgstr "Enter password"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "passwordResetExpiredOrInvalidToken"
-msgstr "You are trying to reset the password for an expired or invalid token"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "passwordResetHeader"
-msgstr "Forgot password"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "passwordResetSubmitLabel"
-msgstr "Submit"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.login.WicketSignInPage
-msgid "registerButtonLabel"
-msgstr "Register"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.register.RegisterPage
-msgid "registerHeader"
-msgstr "Register"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.login.WicketSignInPage
-msgid "rememberMeLabel"
-msgstr "Remember Me"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.login.WicketSignInPage
-msgid "resetButtonLabel"
-msgstr "Reset"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.login.WicketSignInPage
-msgid "signInButtonLabel"
-msgstr "Sign in"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.login.WicketSignInPage
-msgid "signUpButtonLabel"
-msgstr "Don't have an account? Sign up now."
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.signup.RegistrationFormPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.register.RegisterPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "signUpButtonLabel"
-msgstr "Verify email"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.signup.RegistrationFormPage
-msgid "signUpHeader"
-msgstr "Sign Up"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.signup.RegistrationFormPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.register.RegisterPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "usernameIsNotAvailable"
-msgstr "The provided username is already in use"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.signup.RegistrationFormPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.register.RegisterPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.login.WicketSignInPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "usernameLabel"
-msgstr "Username"
-
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.signup.RegistrationFormPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.register.RegisterPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.login.WicketSignInPage
-#: org.apache.isis.viewer.wicket.ui.pages.accmngt.password_reset.PasswordResetPage
-msgid "usernamePlaceholder"
-msgstr "Username"</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect2">
- <h3 id="__ugbtb_i18n_integration-testing">2.5. Integration Testing</h3>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>So much for the API; but as noted, it is also necessary to ensure that the required translations are recorded (by the <code>TranslationService</code>) into the <code>.pot</code> file.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>For this, we recommend that you ensure that all such methods are tested through an <a href="../ugtst/ugtst.html#_ugtst_integ-test-support">integration test</a> (not unit test).</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>For example, here’s the corresponding integration test for the "Exclamation mark" example from the simpleapp (above):</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="annotation">@Rule</span>
-<span class="directive">public</span> ExpectedException expectedException = ExpectedException.none();
-
-<span class="annotation">@Inject</span>
-FixtureScripts fixtureScripts;
-
-<span class="annotation">@Test</span>
-<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">void</span> failsValidation() <span class="directive">throws</span> <span class="exception">Exception</span> {
- <span class="comment">// given</span>
- RecreateSimpleObjects fs = <span class="keyword">new</span> RecreateSimpleObjects().setNumber(<span class="integer">1</span>);
- fixtureScripts.runFixtureScript(fs, <span class="predefined-constant">null</span>);
- SimpleObject simpleObjectWrapped = wrap(fs.getSimpleObjects().get(<span class="integer">0</span>));
-
- <span class="comment">// expect</span>
- expectedExceptions.expect(InvalidException.class);
- expectedExceptions.expectMessage(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Exclamation mark is not allowed</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);
-
- <span class="comment">// when</span>
- simpleObjectWrapped.updateName(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">new name!</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);
-}</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Running this test will result in the framework calling the <code>validateUpdateName(…)</code> method, and thus to record that a translation is required in the <code>.pot</code> file.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>When the integration tests are complete (that is, when Apache Isis is shutdown), the <code>TranslationServicePo</code> will write out all captured translations to its log (more on this below). This will include all the translations captured from the Apache Isis metamodel, along with all translations as exercised by the integration tests.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>To ensure your app is fully internationalized app, you must therefore:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="ulist">
- <ul>
- <li> <p>use <code>TranslatableString</code> rather than <code>String</code> for all validation/disable and title methods.</p> </li>
- <li> <p>ensure that (at a minimum) all validation messages and title methods are integration tested.</p> </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="admonitionblock note">
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td class="icon"> <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> </td>
- <td class="content">
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>We make no apologies for this requirement: one of the reasons that we decided to implement Apache Isis' i18n support in this way is because it encourages/requires the app to be properly tested.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Behind the scenes Apache Isis uses a JUnit rule (<code>ExceptionRecognizerTranslate</code>) to intercept any exceptions that are thrown. These are simply passed through to the registered <a href="../rgsvc/rgsvc.html#_rgsvc_presentation-layer-spi_ExceptionRecognizer"><code>ExceptionRecognizer</code></a>s so that any messages are recorded as requiring translation.</p>
- </div> </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect2">
- <h3 id="_escaped_strings">2.6. Escaped strings</h3>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Translated messages can be escaped if required, eg to include embedded markup.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="ini">#: com.mycompany.myapp.OrderItem#quantity
-msgid "<i>Quantity</i>"
-msgstr "<i>Quantité</i>"</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>For this to work, the <code>namedEscaped()</code> attribute must be specified using either the <a href="../ugvw/ugvw.html#_ugvw_layout_file-based">layout file</a>, or using an annotation such as <a href="../rgant/rgant.html#_rgant-PropertyLayout"><code>@PropertyLayout</code></a> or <a href="../rgant/rgant.html#_rgant-ParameterLayout"><code>@ParameterLayout</code></a>.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>For example:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="annotation">@ParameterLayout</span>(
- named=<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content"><i>Quantity</i></span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>(1)</b>
- namedEscaped=<span class="predefined-constant">false</span>
-)
-<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="predefined-type">Integer</span> getQuantity() { ... }</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="colist arabic">
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>1</b></td>
- <td>required (even though it won’t be used when a translation is read; otherwise the escaped flag is ignored)</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect2">
- <h3 id="__ugbtb_i18n_configuration">2.7. Configuration</h3>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>There are several different aspects of the translation service that can be configured.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="sect3">
- <h4 id="_logging">2.7.1. Logging</h4>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>To configure the <code>TranslationServicePo</code> to write to out the <code>translations.pot</code> file, add the following to the <em>integtests</em> <code>logging.properties</code> file:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="ini">log4j.appender.translations-po=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
-log4j.appender.translations-po.File=./translations.pot
-log4j.appender.translations-po.Append=false
-log4j.appender.translations-po.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
-log4j.appender.translations-po.layout.ConversionPattern=%m%n
-
-log4j.logger.org.apache.isis.core.runtime.services.i18n.po.PoWriter=INFO,translations-po
-log4j.additivity.org.apache.isis.core.runtime.services.i18n.po.PotWriter=false</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Just to repeat, this is <em>not</em> the <code>WEB-INF/logging.properties</code> file, it should instead be added to the <code>integtests/logging.properties</code> file.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect3">
- <h4 id="_location_of_the_code_po_code_files">2.7.2. Location of the <code>.po</code> files</h4>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The default location of the translated <code>.po</code> files is in the <code>WEB-INF</code> directory. These are named and searched for similarly to regular Java resource bundles.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>For example, assuming these translations:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="ini">/WEB-INF/translations-en-US.po
- /translations-en.po
- /translations-fr-FR.po
- /translations.po</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>then:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="ulist">
- <ul>
- <li> <p>a user with <code>en-US</code> locale will use <code>translations-en-US.po</code></p> </li>
- <li> <p>a user with <code>en-GB</code> locale will use <code>translations-en.po</code></p> </li>
- <li> <p>a user with <code>fr-FR</code> locale will use <code>translations-fr-FR.po</code></p> </li>
- <li> <p>a user with <code>fr-CA</code> locale will use <code>translations.po</code></p> </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The basename for translation files is always <code>translations</code>; this cannot be altered.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect3">
- <h4 id="_externalized_translation_files">2.7.3. Externalized translation files</h4>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Normally Apache Isis configuration files are read from the <code>WEB-INF</code> file. However, Apache Isis can be configured to read config files from an <a href="../ugbtb/ugbtb.html#_ugbtb_deployment_externalized-configuration">external directory</a>; this is also supported for translations.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Thus, if in <code>web.xml</code> the external configuration directory has been set:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="xml"><span class="tag"><context-param></span>
- <span class="tag"><param-name></span>isis.config.dir<span class="tag"></param-name></span>
- <span class="tag"><param-value></span>location of external config directory<span class="tag"></param-value></span>
-<span class="tag"></context-param></span></code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Then this directory will be used as the base for searching for translations (rather than the default 'WEB-INF/' directory).</p>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect3">
- <h4 id="_force_read_mode">2.7.4. Force read mode</h4>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>As noted above, if running in prototype mode then <code>TranslationServicePo</code> will be in write mode, if in production mode then will be in read mode. To force read mode (ie use translations) even if in prototype mode, add the following configuration property to <code>isis.properties</code>:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="ini">isis.services.translation.po.mode=read</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect2">
- <h3 id="_supporting_services">2.8. Supporting services</h3>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The <code>TranslationServicePo</code> has a number of supporting/related services.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="sect3">
- <h4 id="__code_localeprovider_code">2.8.1. <code>LocaleProvider</code></h4>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The <code>LocaleProvider</code> API is used by the <code>TranslationServicePo</code> implementation to obtain the locale of the "current user".</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>A default implementation is provided by the Wicket viewer.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="admonitionblock note">
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td class="icon"> <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> </td>
- <td class="content">
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Note that this default implementation does not support requests made through the Restful Objects viewer (there is no Wicket 'application' object available); the upshot is that requests through Restful Objects are never translated. Registering a different implementation of <code>LocaleProvider</code> that taps into appropriate REST (RestEasy?) APIs would be the way to address this.</p>
- </div> </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect3">
- <h4 id="__code_translationsresolver_code">2.8.2. <code>TranslationsResolver</code></h4>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The <code>TranslationResolver</code> is used by the <code>TranslationService</code> implementation to lookup translations for a specified locale. It is this service that reads from the <code>WEB-INF/</code> (or externalized directory).</p>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect3">
- <h4 id="__code_translationservicepomenu_code">2.8.3. <code>TranslationServicePoMenu</code></h4>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The <code>TranslationServicePoMenu</code> provides a couple of menu actions in the UI (prototype mode only) that interacts with the underlying <code>TranslationServicePo</code>:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="ulist">
- <ul>
- <li> <p>the <code>downloadTranslationsFile()</code> action - available only in write mode - allows the current <code>.pot</code> file to be downloaded.<br></p>
- <div class="admonitionblock note">
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td class="icon"> <i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i> </td>
- <td class="content">
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>While this will contain all the translations from the metamodel, it will not necessarily contain all translations for all imperative methods returning <code>TranslatableString</code> instances; which are present and which are missing will depend on which imperative methods have been called (recorded by the service) prior to downloading.</p>
- </div> </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div> </li>
- <li> <p>the <code>clearTranslationsCache()</code> action - available only in read mode - will clear the cache so that new translations can be loaded.<br></p>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>This allows a translator to edit the appropriate <code>translations-xx-XX.po</code> file and check the translation is correct without having to restart the app.</p>
- </div> </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect1">
- <h2 id="_ugbtb_headless-access">3. Headless access</h2>
- <div class="btn-group" style="float: right; font-size: small; padding: 6px; margin-top: -55px; ">
- <button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-default" onclick="window.location.href="https://github.com/apache/isis/edit/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_headless-access.adoc""><i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o"></i> Edit</button>
- <button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="caret"></span><span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span></button>
- <ul class="dropdown-menu">
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/edit/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_headless-access.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> Edit</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/commits/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_headless-access.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-clock-o fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> History</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/raw/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_headless-access.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-text-o fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> Raw</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/blame/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_headless-access.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-hand-o-right fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> Blame</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="sectionbody">
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>This section tackles the topic of enabling access to an Isis application directly, or at least, not through either the <a href="../ugvw/ugvw.html">Wicket</a> or <a href="../ugvro/ugvro.html">Restful</a> viewers.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>There are several main use-cases:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="ulist">
- <ul>
- <li> <p>enabling background execution, eg of a thread managed by Quartz scheduler and running within the webapp</p> </li>
- <li> <p>integration from other systems, eg for a subscriber on a pub/sub mechanism such as Camel, pushing changes through an Apache Isis domain model.</p> </li>
- <li> <p>leveraging an Isis application within a batch process</p> </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Note that the calling thread runs in the same process space as the Apache Isis domain object model (must be physically linked to the JAR files containing the domain classes). For use cases where the calling thread runs in some other process space (eg migrating data from a legacy system), then the <a href="../ugvro/ugvro.html">Restful Objects viewer</a> is usually the way to go.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The API described in this chapter is reasonably low-level, allowing code to interact very directly with the Apache Isis metamodel and runtime. Such callers should be considered trusted: they do not (by default) honour any business rules eg implicit in the Isis annotations or hide/disable/validate methods. However the <a href="../rgsvc/rgsvc.html#_rgsvc_application-layer-api_WrapperFactory"><code>WrapperFactory</code></a> service could be used to enforce such business rules if required.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="sect2">
- <h3 id="_ugbtb_headless-access_AbstractIsisSessionTemplate">3.1. AbstractIsisSessionTemplate</h3>
- <div class="btn-group" style="float: right; font-size: small; padding: 6px; margin-top: -55px; ">
- <button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-default" onclick="window.location.href="https://github.com/apache/isis/edit/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_headless-access_AbstractIsisSessionTemplate.adoc""><i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o"></i> Edit</button>
- <button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="caret"></span><span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span></button>
- <ul class="dropdown-menu">
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/edit/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_headless-access_AbstractIsisSessionTemplate.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> Edit</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/commits/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_headless-access_AbstractIsisSessionTemplate.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-clock-o fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> History</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/raw/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_headless-access_AbstractIsisSessionTemplate.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-file-text-o fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> Raw</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/blame/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_headless-access_AbstractIsisSessionTemplate.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-hand-o-right fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> Blame</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The <code>AbstractIsisSessionTemplate</code> class (whose name is inspired by the Spring framework’s naming convention for similar classes that query <a href="http://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/2.5.x/reference/jdbc.html#jdbc-JdbcTemplate">JDBC</a>, <a href="http://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/2.5.x/reference/jms.html#jms-jmstemplate">JMS</a>, <a href="http://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/2.5.x/reference/orm.html#orm-jpa-template">JPA</a> etc.) provides the mechanism to open up a 'session' within the Apache Isis framework, in order to resolve and interact with entities.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The class itself is intended to be subclassed:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">public</span> <span class="directive">abstract</span> <span class="type">class</span> <span class="class">AbstractIsisSessionTemplate</span> {
-
- <span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">void</span> execute(<span class="directive">final</span> AuthenticationSession authSession, <span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">Object</span> context) { ... } <i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>(1)</b>
- <span class="directive">protected</span> <span class="directive">abstract</span> <span class="type">void</span> doExecute(<span class="predefined-type">Object</span> context); <i class="conum" data-value="2"></i><b>(2)</b>
-
- <span class="directive">protected</span> ObjectAdapter adapterFor(<span class="directive">final</span> <span class="predefined-type">Object</span> targetObject) { ... }
- <span class="directive">protected</span> ObjectAdapter adapterFor(<span class="directive">final</span> RootOid rootOid) { ... }
-
- <span class="directive">protected</span> PersistenceSession getPersistenceSession() { ... }
- <span class="directive">protected</span> IsisTransactionManager getTransactionManager() { ... }
- <span class="directive">protected</span> AdapterManager getAdapterManager() { ... }
-}</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="colist arabic">
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>1</b></td>
- <td><code>execute(…)</code> sets up the <code>IsisSession</code> and delegates to …</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td><i class="conum" data-value="2"></i><b>2</b></td>
- <td><code>doExecute(…)</code>, the mandatory hook method for subclasses to implement. The passed object represents passes a context from the caller (eg the scheduler, cron job, JMS etc) that instantiated and executed the class.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The <code>protected</code> methods expose key internal APIs within Apache Isis, for the subclass to use as necessary.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="admonitionblock tip">
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td class="icon"> <i class="fa icon-tip" title="Tip"></i> </td>
- <td class="content">
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>One notable feature of <code>AbstractIsisSessionTemplate</code> is that it will automatically inject any domain services into itself. Thus, it is relatively easy for the subclass to "reach into" the domain, through injected repository services.</p>
- </div> </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect2">
- <h3 id="_ugbtb_headless-access_BackgroundCommandExecution">3.2. BackgroundCommandExecution</h3>
- <div class="btn-group" style="float: right; font-size: small; padding: 6px; margin-top: -55px; ">
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- <ul class="dropdown-menu">
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- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The <code>BackgroundCommandExecution</code> class (a subclass of <a href="../ugbtb/ugbtb.html#_ugbtb_headless-access_AbstractIsisSessionTemplate">AbstractIsisSessionTemplate</a>) is intended to simplify the execution of background <code>Command</code>s persisted by way of the <a href="../rgsvc/rgsvc.html#_rgsvc_application-layer-spi_CommandService"><code>CommandService</code></a> and the <a href="../rgsvc/rgsvc.html#_rgsvc_application-layer-spi_BackgroundCommandService"><code>BackgroundCommandService</code></a>.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>Its signature is:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="listingblock">
- <div class="content">
- <pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="directive">public</span> <span class="directive">abstract</span> <span class="type">class</span> <span class="class">BackgroundCommandExecution</span> <span class="directive">extends</span> AbstractIsisSessionTemplate {
- <span class="directive">protected</span> <span class="type">void</span> doExecute(<span class="predefined-type">Object</span> context) { ... }
- <span class="directive">protected</span> <span class="directive">abstract</span> <span class="predefined-type">List</span><? <span class="directive">extends</span> Command> findBackgroundCommandsToExecute(); <i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>(1)</b>
-}</code></pre>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="colist arabic">
- <table>
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <td><i class="conum" data-value="1"></i><b>1</b></td>
- <td><code>findBackgroundCommandsToExecute()</code> is a mandatory hook method for subclasses to implement.</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
- </table>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>This allows for different implementations of the <code>CommandService</code> and <code>BackgroundCommandService</code> to persist to wherever.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The diagram below (<a href="http://yuml.me/edit/363b335f">yuml.me/363b335f</a>) shows the dependencies between these various classes:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="imageblock">
- <div class="content">
- <a class="image" href="images/headless-access/BackgroundCommandExecution.png"><img src="images/headless-access/BackgroundCommandExecution.png" alt="BackgroundCommandExecution" width="400px"></a>
- </div>
- <div class="title">
- Figure 1. Inheritance Hierarchy for
- <code>BackgroundCommandExecution</code>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect3">
- <h4 id="_background_execution">3.2.1. Background Execution</h4>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The <code>BackgroundCommandExecutionFromBackgroundCommandServiceJdo</code> is a concrete subclass of <code>BackgroundCommandExecution</code> (see the <a href="../rgsvc/rgsvc.html#_rgsvc_application-layer-api_BackgroundService"><code>BackgroundCommandService</code></a>), the intended use being for the class to be instantiated regularly (eg every 10 seconds) by a scheduler such as <a href="http://quartz-scheduler.org">Quartz</a>) to poll for <code>Command</code>s to be executed, and then execute them.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>This implementation queries for <code>Command</code>s persisted by the (non-ASF) <a href="http://platform.incode.org" target="_blank">Incode Platform</a>'s command module’s implementations of <a href="../rgsvc/rgsvc.html#_rgsvc_application-layer-spi_CommandService"><code>CommandService</code></a> and <a href="../rgsvc/rgsvc.html#_rgsvc_application-layer-spi_BackgroundCommandService"><code>BackgroundCommandService</code></a> using the <code>BackgroundCommandServiceJdoRepository</code>.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>The diagram below (<a href="http://yuml.me/edit/25343da1">yuml.me/25343da1</a>) shows the inheritance hierarchy for this class:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="imageblock">
- <div class="content">
- <img src="images/headless-access/BackgroundCommandExecutionFromBackgroundCommandServiceJdo.png" alt="BackgroundCommandExecutionFromBackgroundCommandServiceJdo" width="500px">
- </div>
- <div class="title">
- Figure 2. Inheritance Hierarchy for
- <code>BackgroundCommandExecutionFromBackgroundCommandServiceJdo</code>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="sect1">
- <h2 id="_ugbtb_hints-and-tips">4. Hints and Tips</h2>
- <div class="btn-group" style="float: right; font-size: small; padding: 6px; margin-top: -55px; ">
- <button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-default" onclick="window.location.href="https://github.com/apache/isis/edit/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_hints-and-tips.adoc""><i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o"></i> Edit</button>
- <button type="button" class="btn btn-xs btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="caret"></span><span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span></button>
- <ul class="dropdown-menu">
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/edit/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_hints-and-tips.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pencil-square-o fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> Edit</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/commits/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_hints-and-tips.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-clock-o fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> History</a></li>
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- <li><a href="https://github.com/apache/isis/blame/master/adocs/documentation/src/main/asciidoc/guides/ugbtb/_ugbtb_hints-and-tips.adoc" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-hand-o-right fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> Blame</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="sectionbody">
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>This chapter provides some solutions for problems we’ve encountered ourselves or have been raised on the Apache Isis mailing lists.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="paragraph">
- <p>See also hints-n-tips chapters in the:</p>
- </div>
- <div class="ulist">
- <ul>
- <li> <p>the <a href="../dg/dg.html#_dg_hints-and-tips">Developers'</a> guide</p> </li>
- <li> <p>the <a href="../ugvw/ugvw.html#_ugvw_hints-and-tips">Wicket viewer</a> guide</p> </li>
- <li> <p>the <a href="../ugvro/ugvro.html#_ugvro_hints-and-tips">Restful Objects viewer</a> guide</p> </li>
- <li> <p>the <a href="../ugodn/ugodn.html#_ugodn_hints-and-tips">Datanucleus ObjectStore</a> guide</p> </li>
- <li> <p>the <a href="../ugsec/ugsec.html#_ugsec_hints-and-tips">Security</a> guide</p> </li>
- <li> <p>the <a href="../ugbtb/ugbtb.html#_ugbtb_hints-and-tips">Beyond the Basics</a> guide (this chapter).</p> </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="sect2">
- <h3 id="_ugbtb_hints-and-tips_are-you-sure">4.1. 'Are you sure?' idiom</h3>
- <div class="btn-
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